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1.
对我国脑卒中病人隐性误吸的筛查方法及干预措施的研究进展进行综述,为临床医护人员筛查并管理隐性误吸提供参考,以降低卒中相关性肺炎的发生。 相似文献
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目的:采用不同浓度梯度的柠檬酸进行咳嗽反射试验(CRT),评估脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的误吸风险,并与金标准对比探讨其诊断价值,为探索新的误吸筛查方法提供循证依据。方法:62例康复期脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者分别接受4种不同浓度梯度柠檬酸(0.2mol/L,0.4mol/L,0.6mol/L,0.8mol/L)以及电视透视检查吞咽评估(VFSS)或纤维光学内窥镜吞咽评估(FEES)。以VFSS/FEES为金标准,计算不同浓度梯度柠檬酸咳嗽反射试验对于误吸和隐匿性误吸诊断的敏感度、特异性和约登指数等。结果:随着柠檬酸浓度的升高,误吸筛查的敏感性降低而特异性升高。0.4mol/L柠檬酸CRT对于卒中后误吸筛查具有较高的敏感性76.9%和特异性69.4%,约登指数0.46。同样浓度对于隐匿性误吸的敏感性达80%,特异性55.8%,约登指数为0.36;而0.6mol/L柠檬酸CRT对SA的敏感性为66.7%,特异性71.2%,约登指数0.38。结论:柠檬酸CRT是脑卒中误吸评估中有价值的筛查工具,其中较低浓度柠檬酸CRT对误吸和隐匿性误吸诊断价值最大。 相似文献
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脑卒中患者误吸常被其他因素掩盖,不能引起患者、陪护及医务人员的重视,严重时引发吸入性肺炎甚至死亡。早期对误吸进行及时、准确、全面综合的评估,可有效预知发生误吸的风险,指导临床提早进行干预措施,对脑卒中的康复治疗有重要价值。 相似文献
4.
<正>微误吸是指气囊无法完全封闭气管时,微量的口咽分泌物和(或)胃内容物通过气囊与气管壁的间隙进入下呼吸道的过程,识别难度大,是呼吸系统常见但认识不足的病理现象。微误吸的发病率极高,50%~75%的气管插管患者存在微误吸[1],90%的脑卒中患者合并微误吸[2]。目前,将分泌物胃蛋白酶浓度>200 ng/ml或α-淀粉酶水平>1685iu/ml作为微误吸的判断标准[3]。微误吸临床表现多变且隐匿,常无呛咳等症状,发生微误吸的患者很可能被漏诊或 相似文献
5.
误吸是脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的常见并发症,早期识别误吸并给予积极干预,可有效降低脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者肺部感染及营养不良等并发症的发生率,缩短病程,减轻患者家庭及社会负担,提高患者生活质量。诱发误吸的因素多样,目前已有许多工具被开发用于识别误吸高危患者,但临床对于误吸筛查及评估的标准尚未达成共识。本文简要综述了脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者误吸机制、危险因素、筛查评估、风险管理等相关研究的进展,以期为早期识别脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者误吸及风险管控提供参考。 相似文献
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吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者预后不良的独立危险因素,约有30%~78%的脑卒中患者会出现不同程度的吞咽障碍[1],增加了患者误吸、肺炎、脱水、营养不良等并发症的风险[2-3],住院时间和医疗费用也随之增长[4-5]。早期吞咽障碍筛查可以有效识别高危患者、降低各类并发症的发生风险[6-7]。诊断吞咽障碍的金标准是视频透视吞咽功能检查(video fluoroscopy swallowing study,VFSS),但其操作具有侵入性,且需专业技术人员操作,不适合护理人员进行床旁筛查[8]。目前脑卒中患者吞咽障碍筛查工具众多,但尚无统一公认的筛查方案。本文将对国内外吞咽障碍筛查工具的研究现状进行综述,以期为临床护理人员进行床旁筛查提供一定参考。 相似文献
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目的探讨基于吞咽功能筛查的安全饮食指导预防急性脑卒中老年患者发生误吸的效果。方法选取2019年6月—2020年10月入住医院神经内科急性脑卒中患者80例作为研究对象,将同意接受吞咽功能筛查的40例患者设为观察组,同期不同意吞咽功能筛查的40例患者设为对照组。对照组实行常规饮食指导,观察组在对照组基础上实行吞咽功能筛查,比较两组患者误吸发生率、肺炎发生率、饮食恢复时间、摄食恢复时间及护理满意度。结果观察组误吸发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组肺炎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组比对照组饮食恢复时间和摄食恢复时间均更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论给予急性脑卒中老年患者吞咽功能筛查的安全饮食指导,可降低误吸率,缩短饮食恢复时间,提升护理满意度。 相似文献
9.
误吸是指进食(或非进食)时食物、口腔内分泌物、胃食管反流物等进入声门以下的气道.林可可等报道,误吸发生率为26.4%,是发生吸入性肺炎的主要原因.有研究显示,误吸的筛查能够将肺炎发生的危险下降至少1倍.脑卒中救治指南中推荐病人入院24 h内即接受误吸风险的评估.临床显性误吸因症状典型易于诊断,但发生率更高的隐匿性误吸则常因诊断困难而被漏诊.因此,早期发现和预防误吸对于疾病预后具有重要的积极意义.蔡辛培等调查发现,93.5%重症监护病房(ICU)护士会对高危病人或全部病人采取误吸风险的评估,但是尚无统一的误吸筛查方案以及预防误吸操作指南.因此,拟通过对国内外误吸风险评估工具的归纳总结,为临床误吸筛查工作提供借鉴及参考. 相似文献
10.
综述了脑卒中患者误吸风险评估的研究进展,主要包括误吸的相关危险因素、影像学辅助检查方法、床旁检查评估。认为选择合适的床边误吸风险评估的工具,及时、准确地发现脑卒中患者存在误吸风险,指导护士提早进行护理干预,对减少和避免脑卒中患者发生误吸具有重要的临床意义。 相似文献
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Purpose: To provide a systematic overview of the various tools available to screen for post-stroke visual impairment. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted including randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, cohort studies, observational studies, systematic reviews and retrospective medical note reviews. All languages were included and translation was obtained. Participants included adults ≥18 years old diagnosed with a visual impairment as a direct cause of a stroke. We searched a broad range of scholarly online resources and hand-searched articles registers of published, unpublished and on-going trials. Search terms included a variety of MESH terms and alternatives in relation to stroke and visual conditions. Study selection was performed by two authors independently. The quality of the evidence and risk of bias were assessed using the STROBE, GRACE and PRISMA statements. Results: A total of 25 articles ( n?=?2924) were included in this review. Articles appraised reported on tools screening solely for visual impairments or for general post-stroke disabilities inclusive of vision. The majority of identified tools screen for visual perception including visual neglect (VN), with few screening for visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF) loss or ocular motility (OM) defects. Six articles reported on nine screening tools which combined visual screening assessment alongside screening for general stroke disabilities. Of these, three included screening for VA; three screened for VF loss; three screened for OM defects and all screened for VN. Two tools screened for all visual impairments. A further 19 articles were found which reported on individual vision screening tests in stroke populations; two for VF loss; 11 for VN and six for other visual perceptual defects. Most tools cannot accurately account for those with aphasia or communicative deficits, which are common problems following a stroke. Conclusion: There is currently no standardised visual screening tool which can accurately assess all potential post-stroke visual impairments. The current tools screen for only a number of potential stroke-related impairments, which means many visual defects may be missed. The sensitivity of those which screen for all impairments is significantly lowered when patients are unable to report their visual symptoms. Future research is required to develop a tool capable of assessing stroke patients which encompasses all potential visual deficits and can also be easily performed by both the patients and administered by health care professionals in order to ensure all stroke survivors with visual impairment are accurately identified and managed. - Implications for Rehabilitation
Over 65% of stroke survivors will suffer from a visual impairment, whereas 45% of stroke units do not assess vision. Visual impairment significantly reduces the quality of life, such as being unable to return to work, driving and depression. This review outlines the available screening methods to accurately identify stroke survivors with visual impairments. Identifying visual impairment after stroke can aid general rehabilitation and thus, improve the quality of life for these patients. 相似文献
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Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the psychometric properties of published clinical sitting measurement scales containing dynamic tasks in individuals following stroke. Method: Databases, including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) were searched from inception to December 2015. The search strategy included terms relating to sitting, balance and postural control. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data from the identified articles and assessed the methodological quality of the papers using the COnsensus-based Standards for selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Results: Fourteen clinical sitting measurement scales (39 papers) containing dynamic tasks met the inclusion criteria and various measurement properties were evaluated. The methodological quality of the majority of the included studies was rated as poor to fair using the COSMIN checklist, with common limitations including small sample size and inappropriate use of statistical methods. Conclusions: This review was unable to identify measures with sufficient psychometric properties to enable recommendation as preferred tools. However, measures were identified that warrant further specific psychometric investigations to fulfil requirements for a high quality measure. - Implications for Rehabilitation
Fourteen clinical sitting balance scales containing dynamic tasks are available to measure sitting balance with individuals following stroke. No single scale has sufficient psychometric properties to enable recommendation as a preferred tool for measuring sitting balance with stroke survivors. Use of a balance scale or dedicated sitting balance measure containing static and dynamic sitting items should be utilised to monitor progress for individuals following stroke with more severe deficits. 相似文献
14.
Background and Objective: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States and new evidence shows interventional procedures provide better outcomes for large vessel occlusions (LVO). We performed a systematic review of the literature on prehospital stroke scales used to identify LVOs comparing the scales with analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The goal was to determine if emergency medical services (EMS) are able to accurately identify LVO in the field. Methods: In this systematic review, multiple databases were searched for articles that addressed our goal. The identified studies were evaluated for their statistical performance of various stroke scales. In addition, we assessed biases that may explain the varying results reported. Results: Eight studies encompassing 6787 patients were included in our systematic review. Of the 8 studies, 6 were retrospective studies, 1 was a prospective cohort, and 1 was a prospective observational study. Sensitivities of the studies ranged from 49% to 91% while specificity of the studies varied from 40% to 94%. Conclusion: At this time, further evaluations must be done in the prehospital setting to determine the ease of use and true sensitivity and specificity of these scales in identifying LVOs. 相似文献
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AbstractPurpose: To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has been investigated in people after stroke. Methods: The literature search involved four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and The Cochrane Library) up to February 2014. The selected studies included those that aimed to measure spasticity using a clinical assessment tool among adult patients post-stroke. Two independent raters reviewed the included articles using a critical appraisal scale and a structured data extraction form. Results: A total of 40 studies examining 15 spasticity assessment tools in patients post-stroke were reviewed. None of the reviewed measurement tools demonstrated satisfactory results for all psychometric properties evaluated, and the majority lacked evidence concerning validity and absolute reliability. Conclusion: This systematic review found limited evidence to support the use of most of clinical measures of spasticity for people post-stroke. Future research examining the application and psychometric properties of these measures is warranted. - Implications for Rehabilitation
There is a need for objective clinical tools for measuring spasticity that are clinically feasible and easily interpreted by clinicians. This review identified various clinical measures of spasticity that have been investigated in people after stroke. Insufficient evidence of psychometric properties precludes recommending one tool over the others. Future research should focus on investigating the psychometric properties of clinical measures of spasticity. 相似文献
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目的 系统评价脑卒中患者病耻感水平及影响因素。 方法 检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMBase、Scopus、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI、万方、维普等中英文数据库,时间限定为建库至2021年4月23日。纳入有关脑卒中患者病耻感水平及影响因素的观察性研究后,由2名研究人员分别进行文献筛选及数据提取,参照美国卫生保健质量和研究机构关于观察性研究的偏倚风险评价标准进行文献质量评价,并定性分析、归纳与总结纳入研究的基本情况与结果。 结果 共纳入21项研究,包括17项中文研究及4项英文研究,涉及年龄、日常生活活动能力、经济条件、社会支持、后遗症情况、抑郁状态等27个影响因素,总结为个人因素、环境因素及脑卒中疾病相关因素3大类。 结论 脑卒中患者普遍存在病耻感但水平不一致,影响脑卒中患者病耻感水平的主要因素为日常生活活动能力、经济条件、社会支持、后遗症情况及抑郁状态,次要因素为年龄、职业、婚姻状态、性格类型、应对方式(回避)、发病类型、发病次数及合并慢性病数量,其他尚存在争议的影响因素有待进一步研究验证。 相似文献
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目的 系统评价脑卒中患者创伤后成长的情况及相关因素。 方法 依据Cochrane协作网工作手册,计算机检索中国知网期刊数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wan Fang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、百度学术、Cochrane图书馆、JBI循证护理中心图书馆、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL建库至2020年12月31日的文献。由2名研究员按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,参考美国卫生保健中心的文献质量评价标准进行质量评价,再对纳入的原始研究进行总结分析。 结果 共纳入原始研究21篇文献。依据创伤后成长功能描述模型及课题组前期研究成果,将相关因素划分为个体内部因素、个体外部因素进行分类归纳。 结论 现有研究结果表明脑卒中患者创伤后成长整体处于中等偏低水平,未来亟需进一步展开理论及纵向研究论证脑卒中患者创伤后成长发生机制,为医护人员制定切实有效的创伤后成长干预提供高质量证据支持。 相似文献
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目的系统评价三七制剂治疗缺血性中风急性期的疗效及安全性。方法搜集三七制剂治疗缺血性中风急性期随机对照试验文献,筛选合格研究,应用Jadad评分法进行质量评价,运用异质性检验、Meta-分析、漏斗图分析、敏感性分析等方法统计相关数据。结果23项研究符合纳入标准,Jadad评分显示所有研究得分均低于3分,属低质量文献。Meta-分析结果显示,总有效率比较的合并RR为1.22,99%CI为(1.12,1.33);皮下出血发生率比较的RR(99%CI)为7.40(1.56,35.05)。结论Meta-分析结果提示三七制剂具有改善缺血性中风急性期患者神经功能缺损状况的趋势,且安全性较高。但由于纳入研究质量普遍较低,存在临床异质性及发表性偏倚可能性较大,以及待评价研究等因素影响,降低了上述结论的可靠性,因此目前三七制剂对于缺血性中风急性期的疗效及安全性的证据尚不够充分。要进一步验证其疗效及安全性,尚需进行设计合理、执行严格、多中心大样本且随访时间足够的随机对照试验。 相似文献
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