基于收费数据的交通拥堵初发点计算

目前,在高速公路发生拥堵后,如何利用海量收费数据快速准确地得到高速公路交通拥堵初发点,仍然缺少满意的解决方案。经过对湖南省高速公路收费数据检索,提取出车辆出入站时刻、行车时间和车型等相关交通特征参数,依据这些参数特点,提出了一种计算相邻两收费站之间的交通拥堵初发点的计算方法。该方法通过选取同路段上的快、慢2种车型建立方程组,然后根据分析收费数据提取相应的变量代入方程组中,从而计算得出拥堵初发点信息。结果表明,该方法可以有效地计算得出相邻两个收费站之间路段上的拥堵初发点位置和初发时刻。对今后出行服务,运行效率评估和交通组织管理等具有重要的现实意义。     

高速公路串行收费站通行能力仿真研究

针对基于车流到达服从标准泊松分布的并行收费站排队服务模型在交通流的时空复杂性、成本、可靠性等方面存在的不足,提出基于元胞自动机建模与仿真的串行收费站布设方式的通行能力、延误及布设个数的分析方法。研究结论表明：串行收费站的通行能力随布设个数的增加而增大,但增大幅度缓慢降低;串行收费站的车均延误以80%通行能力的流量水平为分界点,随着流量继续增大,车均延误急剧上升。给出了不同的流量水平所对应的串行收费站最佳布设个数。     

A general simulator approach to ETC toll traffic congestion

This study proposes a process simulation-based approach using a general simulator to offer solutions for Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) traffic expressway problems at toll plazas. First, the paper describes an overview of the ETC system in general around the world as well as in Japan, and clarifies the ETC traffic problems that occur on Japanese expressways and hinder the diffusion of the ETC system in Japan. Then the paper describes our approach of process simulation to this issue, using a general simulator to show how the basic model in this study has been built and how its internal procedures are defined. The basic model has been reviewed by a mathematical approach with results shown in the following section. Into this basic model, we applied some actual traffic data obtained from one of the ETC I.C. sites. By using ETC traffic simulations, this study verifies the feasibility of the model. This paper proposes two kinds of solutions to the ETC traffic issue. One solution is gate management, which coordinates ETC/general switching to make the best use of the gates. The key issue here is how to find the best time for gate switching. Another solution is layout redesign, which employs an appropriate new layout for toll plazas. The issue here is to design an effective layout to reduce traffic jams. On-site reviews of either solution represent an unrealistic approach. Therefore, this research utilizes a simulation-based approach to identify these solutions. Using the results of simulation, feasibility of this approach is discussed. Received May 2005 / Revised: January 2006     

高速公路联网收费中费率计算的研究

对高速公路联网收费环境下联网区域通行费费率的规划和计算问题进行了研究。根据联网区域中路网、车辆通行及收费方式的实际情况,建立了一个区域联网通行费费率的实用模型,并在此基础上提出了两个计算联网收费区域通行费费率的算法,同时给出了这两个算法正确性的简要证明。实际应用表明所提出的快速算法能满足区域联网收费的要求,快速正确地完成计算。最后,描述了一个联网收费区域标识站辅助规划的实用方案,可以减轻联网区域费率规划过程中的困难。     

ETC电子不停车收费的技术研究

在国内首次提出并实现了一种基于多技术融合、分布式处理的ETC电子不停车收费系统。系统采用射频识别、模式识别、数据安全与加密、信息融合、计算机网络等多种技术的融合,采用分布式处理的方式最大限度地保证了系统的实时性、可靠性和安全性。系统依据中国国情,对所运用的各项技术进行了深入的研究,并通过在河南濮阳的实地试验验证了所采用技术的有效性。     

解决电子不停车收费系统干扰问题的信息融合方法

针对传统方法对于电子不停车收费(ETC)跟车干扰与邻道干扰的解决效率低、成本高,并且分别处理的问题,提出一种基于信息融合的统一解决ETC干扰问题的方法。该方法以系统获得的车辆信息为已知信息,用车辆图像对应的图形特征对其进行验证,再通过D-S证据理论融合验证结果,判断待交易车辆是否为当前车辆。同时,改进了D-S证据使其在验证结果冲突时依然有效。实验结果表明,该方法能可靠地检查出非法车辆,对同时解决跟车干扰与邻道干扰切实有效。     

基于粗集理论的交通事故死亡人数时间分布分析

利用粗集理论,以事故死亡人数为指标,分别以月、周、日和小时为时间粒度,以吉林省某高速公路1999年至2004年发生的交通事故统计数据为例,对道路交通事故死亡人数的时间分布规律进行分析。结果表明,道路交通事故死亡人数的分布与时间有密切的关系,并且不同时间粒度对死亡人数分布影响的重要程度又存在显著差别。     

基于C/S的计重收费交通量数据采集系统

针对传统的连续式交通量调查的缺点,基于C/S模式,采用Access和SQLServer数据库,设计了一个计重收费交通量数据采集系统,并进行了工程实现。介绍了系统的工作原理,描述了软件功能,设计了数据库结构,并给出实现流程。最后通过实际交通量数据处理结果表明该系统能够实现24小时连续不间断数据采集,保证了交通量数据采集的准确性和可靠性。     

A distributed data collection and management framework for tracking construction operations

Construction work typically means producing on shifting locations. Moving materials, equipment and men efficiently from place to place, in and in between projects, depends on good coordination and requires specialized information systems. The key to such information systems are appropriate approaches to collect de-centralized sensor readings and to process, and distribute them to multiple end users at different locations both during the construction process and after the project is finished. This paper introduces a framework for the support of such distributed data collection and management to foster real-time data collection and processing along with the provision of opportunities to retain highly precise data for post-process analyses. In particular, the framework suggests a scheme to benefit from exploiting readings from the same sensors in varying levels of detail for informing different levels of decision making: operational, tactical, and strategic. The sensor readings collected in this way are not only potentially useful to track, assess, and analyse construction operations, but can also serve as reference during the maintenance stage. To this extent, the framework contributes to the existing body of knowledge of construction informatics. The operationality of the framework is demonstrated by developing and applying two on site information systems to track asphalt paving operations.     

Modeling and optimizing the costs of electronic systems

Today's high-density packaging technologies make early attention to most factors essential in the design of successful products. A process-oriented, scalable cost-modeling tool, the Modular Optimization Environment (MOE), enables a continuous cost-quality-performance trade-off analysis throughout the design and manufacturing process     

不同队列管理机制对多媒体传输品质的影响

Evalvid是一套用于评估网络仿真环境下多媒体视频传输质量的工具,应用其在网络仿真软件NS中的扩展实现,仿真分析了采用不同的网络队列管理机制对多媒体传输质量的影响.分析的队列管理机制包括丢尾杌制、主动队列管理机制、差异式服务机制;并利用丢包率、PSNR对多媒体传输质量进行了分析.结果显示主动队列管理机制和差异式服务机制可以很好地保证多媒体传输的质量.     

Safe design of mobile equipment traffic management systems

Designing and implementing safe, efficient and operator-centred traffic management systems for mobile equipment, other vehicles and pedestrians is of key importance in almost every industrial domain. Such systems rarely develop successfully on their own; whilst standards and guidelines do exist, they are often not stringently and comprehensively employed in all industrial settings, and additional guidance to managers responsible for traffic management would be beneficial.Building on models of the elements required for effective traffic management, the work described in this paper used a review of the literature, case studies from a variety of different industrial domains and operator-centred safe design processes to develop a set of 50 human element questions to help ensure mobile equipment safety. The process was iterative, and involved subject matter expert feedback, trialling the draft question set in an audit of several sites following a major incident and incorporating emerging findings about the possible use of new assistive technologies (such as collision detection systems).

Relevance to industry

In terms of industrial applications, the resultant question list can be used to identify potential problem areas, primarily safety but also partly inefficiency, regarding mobile equipment interactions with pedestrians, infrastructure or other equipment. Potential problem areas revealed could then undergo more detailed investigation and possible correction using risk assessment techniques or similar.     

Expert systems and their applications in production and operations management

Recently, the world competitive environment has forced organizations to reexamine and reevaluate their manufacturing strategies. Large capital investments in machine tools and management control systems are being made. The application of expert systems in the production environment has been steadily increasing. This paper examines the concepts of expert systems and reviews the literature pertinent to the areas of application in production management such as scheduling, layout planning and tools used in applying these concepts such as simulation and optimization. It has been concluded that due to increasing automation requirements in manufacturing and the intensified organizational competitive environment, the decision making process itself will have to be automated. It has been suggested that expert systems could be a vehicle in achieving this. This paper examines the applications of expert systems in production and operations management.The technology of expert systems is still in its infancy and many researchers see learning as a major problem. As expert systems become more readily available, the management issues of safety, validity and reliability will become more crucial. The compensation on transferring of knowledge is unclear. Also, the fear of replacement of white collar jobs is growing.     

Multi-driver agent-based traffic simulation systems for evaluating the effects of advanced driver assistance systems on road traffic accidents

A recent investigation revealed that there is a substantiated need for the development of a micro-simulation system designed for traffic safety assessment. This paper describes the development of a road traffic simulation system, which uses a ‘nanoscopic model’ of driver behaviour and an integrated analysis-evaluation system designed for traffic safety assessment. The primary focus is on estimating the effects of an advanced driver assistance system thereby reducing traffic accidents. The effectiveness and validity of the present system are demonstrated through comparison with measured traffic data. This paper also proposes algorithms embedded in a ‘driver-agent’, for recognising driver’s intentions regarding choosing steering-control modes, lateral control tasks, and the driving mood. This is because the driver assistance systems need to recognise the driver’s intention when choosing steering-control. The results of a simulation study, using the data drawn from actual driving, show that the systems would achieve a high recognition capability. As an example of how driving mood recognition applies to driver assistance systems, an advanced steering system and the adaptability to the driver’s mood, have also been presented.     

浅谈广电运营支撑系统的系统管理的设计与实现

从2009年广电大力推广NGBOSS的概念起,到国务院常务会议提出加快三网融合融合,再到三网融合融合写进政府工作报告,广电行业这两年可谓是风起云涌。NGB和三网融合的推出是从根本上改变广电网络运营市场环境体制和业务结构,广电网络运营商将从单一的节目传输运营商转变为综合信息服务提供商,这是实质上的一个转变。我们将新形势下的广电称为新广电,在三网融合时间表已经推出,三网融合试点城市即将推出之际,建设能够为新广电提供运营支撑的下一代综合业务运营支撑系统及新BOSS迫在眉睫。本文首先介绍了运营支撑系统的基本概念,并对运营支撑系统的系统管理功能模块进行设计与实现。     

中心站点和普通站点完全服务排队系统分析

通过对具有最高优先级的排队轮询系统的分析,用物理方法及其机理原理,提出最高优先级及普通队列都采用完全服务的统一服务机制,得出系统平均排队长和平均查询周期的解析式。     

高精度北斗定位技术在交管执法取证中的应用研究

车道级违法行为指移动目标相对于地面车道或其他移动目标而言,相对位置移动在一个车道级别内的、违反交通法规的行为。由于数据精度等问题,该类行为一直是交管执法取证中的难点。高精度北斗/GPS定位的实现依靠广域实时精密定位技术,通过全球/全国建立的北斗地基增强网系统,将卫星定位精度从平均4~20 m左右提升到大众应用亚米级的水平。从高精度定位技术入手,设计了具有车道级定位能力的执法取证终端,并在无锡等地开展了技术验证。实验表明,这些技术可为车辆行为分析、车辆主动安全等车联网系统提供支撑。     

Methods and features of mathematical simulation of air traffic management systems

Air traffic management (ATM) systems and their components??planning the use of air-space and air traffic control systems??are among the most complex modern systems that cannot be introduced without a large amount of preliminary research. Tools for the simulation of the procedures of air traffic management and control used in Europe and the USA are considered. The importance of simulation is caused by the fundamental modernization of the principles and methods of control, which requires anticipatory research. The field of application of the Russian simulation tool for ATM systems called KIM OrVD is determined. This tool is used by the Russian ATM State Corporation. Examples of using this tool for working out proposals concerning the improvements in the Russian ATM system and the evaluation of the efficiency of such proposals are discussed.     

An integrated artificial neural network-computer simulation for optimization of complex tandem queue systems

This paper presents an integrated artificial neural network-computer simulation (ANNSim) for optimization of G/G/K queue systems. The ANNSim is a computer program capable of improving its performance by referring to production constraints, system's limitations and desired targets. It is a goal oriented, flexible and integrated approach and produces the optimum solution by utilizing Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks. The properties and modules of the prescribed intelligent ANNSim are: (1) parametric modeling, (2) flexibility module, (3) integrated modeling, (4) knowledge-base module, (5) integrated database and (6) learning module. The integrated ANNSim is applied to 30 distinct tandem G/G/K queue systems. Furthermore, its superiority over conventional simulation approach is shown in two dimensions which are average run time and maximum number of required iterations (scenarios).     

排队模拟的误差分析与修正

排队模拟的误差分析与修正，一直是国际仿真模拟界研究的重要课题［１］。虽然已经有了一些排队模拟的统计学处理方法及准则［４］，但模拟结果的误差问题至今仍未很好解决。为了使仿真模拟结果对系统分析提供有价值的数据，必须对模拟结果进行修正。本文提出了三种误差修正方法：（１）松驰法修正；（２）Ｍ／Ｍ／１型排队模拟误差曲线修正；（３）置信区间修正。它们的修正是基于对Ｍ／Ｍ／１型排队模拟结果的分析。