基于收费数据的交通拥堵初发点计算

目前,在高速公路发生拥堵后,如何利用海量收费数据快速准确地得到高速公路交通拥堵初发点,仍然缺少满意的解决方案。经过对湖南省高速公路收费数据检索,提取出车辆出入站时刻、行车时间和车型等相关交通特征参数,依据这些参数特点,提出了一种计算相邻两收费站之间的交通拥堵初发点的计算方法。该方法通过选取同路段上的快、慢2种车型建立方程组,然后根据分析收费数据提取相应的变量代入方程组中,从而计算得出拥堵初发点信息。结果表明,该方法可以有效地计算得出相邻两个收费站之间路段上的拥堵初发点位置和初发时刻。对今后出行服务,运行效率评估和交通组织管理等具有重要的现实意义。     

高速公路串行收费站通行能力仿真研究

针对基于车流到达服从标准泊松分布的并行收费站排队服务模型在交通流的时空复杂性、成本、可靠性等方面存在的不足,提出基于元胞自动机建模与仿真的串行收费站布设方式的通行能力、延误及布设个数的分析方法。研究结论表明：串行收费站的通行能力随布设个数的增加而增大,但增大幅度缓慢降低;串行收费站的车均延误以80%通行能力的流量水平为分界点,随着流量继续增大,车均延误急剧上升。给出了不同的流量水平所对应的串行收费站最佳布设个数。     

A general simulator approach to ETC toll traffic congestion

This study proposes a process simulation-based approach using a general simulator to offer solutions for Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) traffic expressway problems at toll plazas. First, the paper describes an overview of the ETC system in general around the world as well as in Japan, and clarifies the ETC traffic problems that occur on Japanese expressways and hinder the diffusion of the ETC system in Japan. Then the paper describes our approach of process simulation to this issue, using a general simulator to show how the basic model in this study has been built and how its internal procedures are defined. The basic model has been reviewed by a mathematical approach with results shown in the following section. Into this basic model, we applied some actual traffic data obtained from one of the ETC I.C. sites. By using ETC traffic simulations, this study verifies the feasibility of the model. This paper proposes two kinds of solutions to the ETC traffic issue. One solution is gate management, which coordinates ETC/general switching to make the best use of the gates. The key issue here is how to find the best time for gate switching. Another solution is layout redesign, which employs an appropriate new layout for toll plazas. The issue here is to design an effective layout to reduce traffic jams. On-site reviews of either solution represent an unrealistic approach. Therefore, this research utilizes a simulation-based approach to identify these solutions. Using the results of simulation, feasibility of this approach is discussed. Received May 2005 / Revised: January 2006     

Selection of optimal electronic toll collection system for India: A subjective-fuzzy decision making approach

Present study deals with the adoption of newer technologies for developing nations. Most of the developing countries due to lack of resources perform techno-socio-economic analyses on the already existing models of the developed ones. Such adopted technologies may not perform effectively because of unlike socio-economic factors. Hence, it becomes important to select new technologies based on appropriate and suitable criteria with respect to a particular country. In this paper, we have demonstrated selection of optimal electronic toll collection (ETC) system for India. In this context, we have considered thirteen crucial parameters for selection of appropriate ETC system. Cost is found to be the pivotal selection criterion in India. Further, fuzzy logic based MADM (multiple attribute decision making) approach is employed for selection of optimal ETC system for India. RFID-based (radio frequency identification) ETC is found to be the most suitable alternative among all considered ETC technologies. Our results are in strong agreement with the report of apex committee, appointed by “Government of India (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways)” for implementation of ETC in India.     

高速公路联网收费中费率计算的研究

对高速公路联网收费环境下联网区域通行费费率的规划和计算问题进行了研究。根据联网区域中路网、车辆通行及收费方式的实际情况,建立了一个区域联网通行费费率的实用模型,并在此基础上提出了两个计算联网收费区域通行费费率的算法,同时给出了这两个算法正确性的简要证明。实际应用表明所提出的快速算法能满足区域联网收费的要求,快速正确地完成计算。最后,描述了一个联网收费区域标识站辅助规划的实用方案,可以减轻联网区域费率规划过程中的困难。     

ETC电子不停车收费的技术研究

在国内首次提出并实现了一种基于多技术融合、分布式处理的ETC电子不停车收费系统。系统采用射频识别、模式识别、数据安全与加密、信息融合、计算机网络等多种技术的融合,采用分布式处理的方式最大限度地保证了系统的实时性、可靠性和安全性。系统依据中国国情,对所运用的各项技术进行了深入的研究,并通过在河南濮阳的实地试验验证了所采用技术的有效性。     

An anonymous and unlinkable electronic toll collection system

International Journal of Information Security - Electronic toll collection (ETC) systems make it easier for drivers to pay the fee for driving on toll roads. Nevertheless, digitalization of any...     

解决电子不停车收费系统干扰问题的信息融合方法

针对传统方法对于电子不停车收费(ETC)跟车干扰与邻道干扰的解决效率低、成本高,并且分别处理的问题,提出一种基于信息融合的统一解决ETC干扰问题的方法。该方法以系统获得的车辆信息为已知信息,用车辆图像对应的图形特征对其进行验证,再通过D-S证据理论融合验证结果,判断待交易车辆是否为当前车辆。同时,改进了D-S证据使其在验证结果冲突时依然有效。实验结果表明,该方法能可靠地检查出非法车辆,对同时解决跟车干扰与邻道干扰切实有效。     

基于粗集理论的交通事故死亡人数时间分布分析

利用粗集理论,以事故死亡人数为指标,分别以月、周、日和小时为时间粒度,以吉林省某高速公路1999年至2004年发生的交通事故统计数据为例,对道路交通事故死亡人数的时间分布规律进行分析。结果表明,道路交通事故死亡人数的分布与时间有密切的关系,并且不同时间粒度对死亡人数分布影响的重要程度又存在显著差别。     

基于C/S的计重收费交通量数据采集系统

针对传统的连续式交通量调查的缺点,基于C/S模式,采用Access和SQLServer数据库,设计了一个计重收费交通量数据采集系统,并进行了工程实现。介绍了系统的工作原理,描述了软件功能,设计了数据库结构,并给出实现流程。最后通过实际交通量数据处理结果表明该系统能够实现24小时连续不间断数据采集,保证了交通量数据采集的准确性和可靠性。     

A distributed data collection and management framework for tracking construction operations

Construction work typically means producing on shifting locations. Moving materials, equipment and men efficiently from place to place, in and in between projects, depends on good coordination and requires specialized information systems. The key to such information systems are appropriate approaches to collect de-centralized sensor readings and to process, and distribute them to multiple end users at different locations both during the construction process and after the project is finished. This paper introduces a framework for the support of such distributed data collection and management to foster real-time data collection and processing along with the provision of opportunities to retain highly precise data for post-process analyses. In particular, the framework suggests a scheme to benefit from exploiting readings from the same sensors in varying levels of detail for informing different levels of decision making: operational, tactical, and strategic. The sensor readings collected in this way are not only potentially useful to track, assess, and analyse construction operations, but can also serve as reference during the maintenance stage. To this extent, the framework contributes to the existing body of knowledge of construction informatics. The operationality of the framework is demonstrated by developing and applying two on site information systems to track asphalt paving operations.     

Modeling and optimizing the costs of electronic systems

Today's high-density packaging technologies make early attention to most factors essential in the design of successful products. A process-oriented, scalable cost-modeling tool, the Modular Optimization Environment (MOE), enables a continuous cost-quality-performance trade-off analysis throughout the design and manufacturing process     

Coordinating collection and appointment scheduling operations at the blood donation sites

According to the regulations imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Blood Banks, in order to extract platelets, donated blood units have to be processed at a processing center within six hours of donation time. In this paper, considering this processing time requirement of donated blood units for platelet production we study collection and appointment scheduling operations at the blood donation sites. Specifically, given the blood donation network of a blood collection organization, we try to coordinate pickup and appointment schedules at the blood donation sites to maximize platelet production. We call the problem under consideration Integrated Collection and Appointment Scheduling Problem. We first provide a mixed integer linear programming model for the problem. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm called Integer Programming Based Algorithm. We perform a computational study to test the performance of the proposed model and algorithm in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency on the instances from Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center located in Houston, TX.     

不同队列管理机制对多媒体传输品质的影响

Evalvid是一套用于评估网络仿真环境下多媒体视频传输质量的工具,应用其在网络仿真软件NS中的扩展实现,仿真分析了采用不同的网络队列管理机制对多媒体传输质量的影响.分析的队列管理机制包括丢尾杌制、主动队列管理机制、差异式服务机制;并利用丢包率、PSNR对多媒体传输质量进行了分析.结果显示主动队列管理机制和差异式服务机制可以很好地保证多媒体传输的质量.     

Modeling energy consumption in automated vacuum waste collection systems

In a world where resources are scarce and urban areas consume the vast majority of these resources, it is vital to make cities greener and more sustainable. A smart city is a city in which information and communications technology are merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies. The increasing amount of waste generated, and the collection and treatment of waste poses a major challenge to modern urban planning in general, and to smart cities in particular. To cope with this problem, automated vacuum waste collection (AVWC) uses air suction on a closed network of underground pipes to transport waste from the drop off points scattered throughout the city to a central collection point, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the inconveniences of conventional methods (odours, noise, etc.). Since a significant part of the cost of operating AVWC systems is energy consumption, we have developed a model with the aim of applying constraint programming technology to schedule the daily emptying sequences of the drop off points in such a way that energy consumption is minimized. In this paper we describe how the problem of deciding the drop off points that should be emptied at a given time can be modeled as a constraint integer programming (CIP) problem. Moreover, we report on experiments using real data from AVWC systems installed in different cities that provide empirical evidence that CIP offers a suitable technology for reducing energy consumption in AVWC.     

Expert systems and their applications in production and operations management

Recently, the world competitive environment has forced organizations to reexamine and reevaluate their manufacturing strategies. Large capital investments in machine tools and management control systems are being made. The application of expert systems in the production environment has been steadily increasing. This paper examines the concepts of expert systems and reviews the literature pertinent to the areas of application in production management such as scheduling, layout planning and tools used in applying these concepts such as simulation and optimization. It has been concluded that due to increasing automation requirements in manufacturing and the intensified organizational competitive environment, the decision making process itself will have to be automated. It has been suggested that expert systems could be a vehicle in achieving this. This paper examines the applications of expert systems in production and operations management.The technology of expert systems is still in its infancy and many researchers see learning as a major problem. As expert systems become more readily available, the management issues of safety, validity and reliability will become more crucial. The compensation on transferring of knowledge is unclear. Also, the fear of replacement of white collar jobs is growing.     

Safe design of mobile equipment traffic management systems

Designing and implementing safe, efficient and operator-centred traffic management systems for mobile equipment, other vehicles and pedestrians is of key importance in almost every industrial domain. Such systems rarely develop successfully on their own; whilst standards and guidelines do exist, they are often not stringently and comprehensively employed in all industrial settings, and additional guidance to managers responsible for traffic management would be beneficial.Building on models of the elements required for effective traffic management, the work described in this paper used a review of the literature, case studies from a variety of different industrial domains and operator-centred safe design processes to develop a set of 50 human element questions to help ensure mobile equipment safety. The process was iterative, and involved subject matter expert feedback, trialling the draft question set in an audit of several sites following a major incident and incorporating emerging findings about the possible use of new assistive technologies (such as collision detection systems).

Relevance to industry

In terms of industrial applications, the resultant question list can be used to identify potential problem areas, primarily safety but also partly inefficiency, regarding mobile equipment interactions with pedestrians, infrastructure or other equipment. Potential problem areas revealed could then undergo more detailed investigation and possible correction using risk assessment techniques or similar.     

Multi-driver agent-based traffic simulation systems for evaluating the effects of advanced driver assistance systems on road traffic accidents

A recent investigation revealed that there is a substantiated need for the development of a micro-simulation system designed for traffic safety assessment. This paper describes the development of a road traffic simulation system, which uses a ‘nanoscopic model’ of driver behaviour and an integrated analysis-evaluation system designed for traffic safety assessment. The primary focus is on estimating the effects of an advanced driver assistance system thereby reducing traffic accidents. The effectiveness and validity of the present system are demonstrated through comparison with measured traffic data. This paper also proposes algorithms embedded in a ‘driver-agent’, for recognising driver’s intentions regarding choosing steering-control modes, lateral control tasks, and the driving mood. This is because the driver assistance systems need to recognise the driver’s intention when choosing steering-control. The results of a simulation study, using the data drawn from actual driving, show that the systems would achieve a high recognition capability. As an example of how driving mood recognition applies to driver assistance systems, an advanced steering system and the adaptability to the driver’s mood, have also been presented.     

基于多延时动力系统的交通流量建模

为了改善多车道、路况可变、流量可变的复杂交通环境中关于道路交通流量的问题,采用多时段延时动力系统思想,建立了基于动力系统的道路交通流量新模型．该模型可以描述前后多时间段对道路交通流量的相互影响．仿真数据结果表明,新模型能够模拟真实的交通流量变化,同时对于控制交通流量以及分析交通系统的特点是有效的．     

Modeling and simulation-driven development of embedded real-time systems

The design and development of embedded hard real-time (RT) systems is one of the complex development practices, because of the requirements of criticality and timeliness of these systems. One critical aspect of RT systems is the production of output before specified deadline. Formal methods are promising in dealing with the design issues of these applications, although they do not scale well for complex systems. Instead, Modeling and Simulation (M&S) provides a cost-effective approach to verify the design and implementation details of very Complex RT applications. M&S methods provide dynamic and risk-free testing environments to verify different scenarios, and they are used for feasibility analysis and verification of such systems. Nevertheless, the simulation models are usually discarded in the later phases of the development.We present the application of an M&S-based method referred to as DEVSRT (Discrete EVent System Specifications in Real-Time) to solve the discontinuity between the simulation models and the final embedded application, in this paper. DEVSRT defines explicit deadline notation for DEVS transitions, draws a clear mapping between DEVS transitions and real-time tasks and provides a formal method and tool for integration of simulation models with the associated hardware components.