Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳性能

简要综述了Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织和织构对其疲劳性能的影响及其机理.     

IMPROVEMENT IN FATIGUE LIFETIME OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY BY CARBON IMPLANTATION

Carbon ions with a dose of 3×10~(17) ions/cm~2 was implanted into Ti-6Al-4V alloy at anenergy of 80 keV.A 28% increase in edurance limit was found with implantation understress-controlled fatigue tests(R=O).The surface microstructure changes induced by ionimplantation were identified using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The feature ofthe fracture surface were observed on scanning electron microscope(SEM).The distributionprofile of the implanted ions was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS).Theimplanted surface layers contain a high density of irradiation defects and fine TiCprecipitates.Subsurface crack origins were found in specimens either with or withoutimplantation.The implanted species diffuse into matrix metal under the action of cyclic load-ing.A possible reason and mechanism for improving fatigue lifetime are also discussed.     

碳离子注入对Ti—6Al—4V合金疲劳寿命的改善

3×10~(17)Cion/cm~2在80keV的能量下注入到Ti-6Al-4V合金中。在应力控制的拉-零试验条件下,发现C~+注入试样的疲劳极限提高了28%。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和二次离子质谱等研究了试样在注入前后和疲劳前后的表面层微观组织与结构以及注入元素沿表面层深的浓度分布。结果表明,注入层的微观组织中含有大量的辐照损伤并有许多细小的TiC相颗粒;注入与未注入试样的裂纹源在低应力疲劳中出现在亚表面区;注入元素在循环载荷作用下向基体中扩散。     

STRUCTURE OF HYDRIDES IN HIGHLY HYDROGENATED Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

The microstrueture and various hydrides precipitated in Ti-6A1-4V alloys containinghydrogen 0.16,0.58,0.87,1.49 wt-%,respectively,have been studied by means of TEM andX-ray diffraction.The Ti_3Al phase may precipitate when H over 0.58 wt-%.In the sametime,the morphology of hydrides gradually changed from rugged sheets to narrow laths asH contents increased.The microstructure of highly H-doped alloys is obviously fine.A mas-sive hydride and the hydride with tetragonal lattice were observed in the specimen containing1.49 wt-%H.The twin hydrides were found in the alloys with different H contents and theelectron diffraction patterns of the twin hydrides can be served as a simple criterion for distin-guishing the cubic and tetragonal structures.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTE EQUATIONS FOR Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY UNDER HOT-WORKING CONDITION

1.~nonNumericalmodelingofindustrialplasticdeformationprocesseshasbecomeafieldofveryactiveresearchinthepastfewyears.ForthefullpotentialeXPloitingofthismethod,itisessentialtogetthepreciseknowledgeofconstitutivebehaviorofthematerial.Severalpapershavedevotedtotheestablishingofgeneralconstitutiveeqllationsfordescribingtheflowstressofthematerialasafunctionoftheprocessparameterssuchasstrain,strainrate,andtemperature['--7).Theseparametersareoftencalculatedforpeakstressvalueonly,becausemanymodelsassum…     

MODELING OF ''BANDING'' MICROSTRUCTURE FORMATION IN CENTRIFUGALLY SOLIDIFIED Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

Numerical investigations of the 'banding' microstructure formation during solidifica-tion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the centrifugal casting are conducted using a multi-scale model, which combines the finite difference method (FDM) at the macroscale with a cellular automaton (CA) model at the microscale. The macro model is used to simu-late the fluid flow and heat transfer throughout the casting. The micro model is used to predict the nucleation and growth of microstructures. With the proposed model,numerical simulations are performed to study the influences of the nucleation density,mould rotation speed, and casting size upon the 'banding' microstructure formation. It is noted that changing the nucleation density has a minor effect on the microstructure formation. The rotation speed promotes the formation of 'banding' microstructure,which is more noticeable for larger size castings. The major mechanism responsi-ble for this 'banding' phenomenon is the spatial variation in cooling rates created by centrifugal force.     

MODELING OF ＇BANDING＇ MICROSTRUCTURE FORMATION IN CENTRIFUGALLY SOLIDIFIED Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

Numerical investigations of the 'banding' microstructure formation during solidifica-tion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the centrifugal casting are conducted using a multi-scale model, which combines the finite difference method (FDM) at the macroscale with a cellular automaton (CA) model at the microscale. The macro model is used to simu-late the fluid flow and heat transfer throughout the casting. The micro model is used to predict the nucleation and growth of microstructures. With the proposed model,numerical simulations are performed to study the influences of the nucleation density,mould rotation speed, and casting size upon the 'banding' microstructure formation. It is noted that changing the nucleation density has a minor effect on the microstructure formation. The rotation speed promotes the formation of 'banding' microstructure,which is more noticeable for larger size castings. The major mechanism responsi-ble for this 'banding' phenomenon is the spatial variation in cooling rates created by centrifugal force.     

Ti-6Al-4V厚板研制

研究了锻造工艺、热轧工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金40 mm厚板力学性能、显微组织和超声检验的影响.结果表明采用多火次锻造-两相区大加工率轧制工艺可生产出各项技术指标符合XJ/BS5154规范要求的厚板,且质量水平与美国同类产品相当.     

氢对Ti—6Al—4V合金的高温增塑作用

测定了各种氢含量对Ti-6Al-4V合金的流变应力(σ),应变速率敏感指数(m)和延伸率(δ)的影响,并对其微观结构进行了观察研究。结果表明,适量的氢对该合金在800—860℃范围内具有减少流变应力和降低超塑温度以及增加塑性的作用。     

离心喷射沉积Ti—48Al—2Mn—2Nb的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和门槛值

本文着重研究了采用特殊的离心喷射沉积成型方法制备的Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ金属间化合物室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳槛值。     

EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASTICITY OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

The effects of various hydrogen contents on the flow stress(σ),strain rate sensitivity expo-nent(m)and the tensile elongation(δ)of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied.Themicrostructure of the alloy was also investigated.The results indicate that,a suitable amountof hydrogen in the alloy can reduce the flow stress in the temperature range 800—860℃.Consequently,the superplastic temperature can be decreased and the ductility improved.     

钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率Paris区中的转折点

通过对比钛合金不同显微组织下疲劳裂纹扩展速率Paris区转折点的位置,发现原始β晶粒尺寸是影响Paris区转折点位置的主要因素,晶团尺寸以及片层厚度对转折点位置没有影响.并且通过分析转折点前,后疲劳裂纹扩展微观阶段的转变及断裂方式变化,得出转折点的出现是疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸超过晶粒尺寸所致.具有β晶粒的马氏体组织疲劳裂纹扩展速率Paris区并不存在转折点,说明转折点的出现不仅仅是由于原始β晶粒的存在,还和显微组织类型有关.通过分析还发现,钛合金片层组织中裂纹尖端塑性区实际尺寸大于计算得到的单向塑性区尺寸以及循环塑性区尺寸.     

喷射沉积SiC_P／Al-7Si复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展

采用紧凑拉伸试样进行恒载和降K控制的拉--拉疲劳实验, 研究了喷射沉积SiC_p/Al-7Si复合材料及其基体的疲劳裂纹扩展行为. 通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了复合材料及其基体的组织和疲劳裂纹扩展形貌, 研究了SiC颗粒对复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展机制的影响. 结果表明: 复合材料在任何相同的ΔK水平下其抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力优于基体材料, 并表现出较高的疲劳门槛值. 其原因是复合材料中裂纹裂尖遇到增强颗粒时, 裂纹发生偏转, 特别是SiC颗粒自身微裂纹萌生有效降低了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子, 复合材料的裂纹闭合效应也随之增大. 去除裂纹闭合效应的影响, 当有效应力因子ΔK_eff作为裂纹扩展的驱动力时, 复合材料的裂纹扩展速率却高于基体.     

高氢量氢化的Ti—6Al—4V合金中氢化物的组织结构研究

研究了含氢最为0.16,0.58,0.87,1.49wt—%的Ti—6Al—4V—H合金中出现的各种氢化物,结果表明:氢超过0.58%时,合金中已有Ti_3Al相析出,同时,随着氢含量的增加,氢化物的形态逐渐由低氢的粗板条变到高氢的窄板条,后者组织明显细化,在含氢1.49%的试样中,还观察到四方点阵的氢化物和块状氢化物,并发现孪晶氢化物,根据孪晶氢化物的电子衍射花样的特点,可以简便地判别氢化物为立方或四方结构。     

Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板叠轧工艺研究

介绍了在3.3 m四辊可逆式轧机上采用β区开坯,经β处理后在α+β区成形轧制,或者在α+β区开坯,在α+β区成形轧制的两种工艺,运用包覆叠轧法研制Ti-6Al-4V合金宽幅薄板的过程.并讨论了轧制方式、变形量等和热处理制度对Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板性能和组织的影响.     

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN Al-Li ALLOY 8090

Fatigue crack growth rates of Al-Li alloy 8090 in air were found to be strongly dependent up-on the aging conditions.The naturally aged and underaged specimens showed the highest re-sistance to the fatigue crack propagation.The fatigue crack growth resistance of the overagedspecimen is the lowest and that of the peakaged specimen in between.As compared to air,3.5% NaCl solution does not change the effect of aging conditions on the fatigue crackgrowth,but causes a decrease of the resistance to the fatigue crack growth under the same ag-ing condition.Both short cracks from notch and physically short cracks showed much higherrates of fatigue crack propagation in comparison with long cracks under the same aging condi-tion and stress intensity level.The growth behavior of the short crack depends on its type.Thegrowth rate of short crack from notch decreases first to a minimum and then increases with in-creasing △K.However,the physically short crack grows at a progressively increasing rate.The effects of aging conditions are explained in terms of the slip planarity of dislocations andthe cyclic slip reversibility.The observed short crack behavior is considered to be dependent onthe crack closure and the local plasticity near the crack tip.     

8090Al—Li合金的疲劳裂纹扩展

研究了8090型Al—Li合?疲劳裂纹扩展行为以及组织结构和环境的影响,结果表明,在空气中,自然时效和欠时效?现出最好的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,其次是峰时效状态,而过时效状态的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力最低,在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,时效状态对疲劳裂纹扩展行为有着同空气中相同的影响规律,但在同样的时效条件下,在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力要比空气中的低,在相同的应力强度因子范围△K作用下,缺口短裂纹和物理短裂纹均表现出比长裂纹高的扩展速率,用位错的平面滑移性和循环滑移可逆性解释了时效的影响,用裂纹的闭合效应和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸说明了长短裂纹扩展行为的差别。     

钢在海水中阴极保护条件下的裂纹扩展特征SCIEI

研究了WFG362钢和A537CL1海洋平台用钢在海水中阴极保护下裂纹扩展的特征。实验结果表明:Ca,Mg沉淀物对裂纹扩展有阻碍作用,使裂纹扩展速率不再随ΔK单调上升,扩展速率曲线成V字型,在一定的ΔK值下扩展速率达到最小值。此外沉积物的作用也使最佳阴极保护电位区间发生了变化,-800—-900mV和-1100—-1500mV为海水中这种材料的最佳保护电位区间,-950—-1000mV范围内为十分有害的区间。     

热循环对TC4钛合金组织和机械性能的影响

对淬火态和时效念的TC4钛合金在-196-350℃进行了热循环试验，并测定了合金热循环前后的机械性能。结果表明：经热循环后，合金的塑性下降；时效态的合金，强度变化较小，而淬火态的合金，强度先显著上升，经3000次热循环后，合金的强度又有所下降，用透射电镜分析了合金热循环前后的组织，讨论了热循环对显微组织和机械性能的影响。     

Dehydrogenation of Hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

对未置氢及置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金进行了TG/DSC试验,研究了置氢钛合金的除氢行为。结果表明,当温度超过600℃时,置氢钛合金的失重规律与未置氢钛合金具有较大的差别。当加热温度在600~900℃之间时,置氢钛合金的失重随着氢含量的增加而增加。这是由于置氢合金中的亚稳相发生了分解。不考虑合金氧化的影响,置氢钛合金的最大失重与合金中的氢含量一致。置氢钛合金的最佳除氢温度为750℃。对于不同氢含量的置氢钛合金,其除氢工艺是相同的。