血小板源生长因子A(PDGF-A)在发育性髋关节发育不良患儿圆韧带的分布和表达

[目的]探求发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)患儿和正常儿PDGF-A在圆韧带的免疫组化分布规律与水平差异,并比较PDGF-A在mRNA水平的表达差异,以探索髋关节松弛的原因.[方法]选取性别相同、年龄相近的6对发育性髋关节脱位患者与正常儿进行配对比较,采用S-P法免疫组化技术和半定量RT-PCR技术检测圆韧带中PDGF-A的分布规律与水平差异,以及其在mRNA水平的差异.运用图像分析软件进行量化分析,并采用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计学分析.[结果]可见分泌PDGF-A的成纤维细胞于圆韧带贴近关节侧的滑膜层呈强阳性表达,内部纤维层阳性表达细胞稀疏,强度明显减弱.6例患儿与对照组配对比较,圆韧带纤维层中有阳性表现的成纤维细胞数占成纤维细胞总数的百分比及局部染色的灰度值在髋脱位组与正常对照组间存在显著差异,DDH组圆韧带中PDGF-A mRNA的表达较正常对照组减少,差异明显.[结论]PDGF-A的分布减少和表达异常很可能与DDH患儿的髋关节松弛有关.     

婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的矫形器治疗

[目的]观察探讨应用矫形器对婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位的治疗效果。[方法]对92例155髋2岁以内婴幼儿,根据年龄、髋臼发育程度及头臼位置关系选用不同型号矫形器治疗,定期复查髋关节X线片,记录髋臼指数(AI)变化及头臼位置关系,作为疗效评定依据。[结果]随访6～52个月,平均28个月。92例155髋复位成功率:年龄≤6个月组91.01%,7～12个月组76.19%,12个月组54.16%;Ⅰ度脱位成功率83.87%,Ⅱ度脱位为84.48%,Ⅲ度脱位为54.55%,半脱位为79.16%。治疗前AI均值:成功髋30.44°±6.48°,失败髋37.58°±5.28°。无股骨头坏死病例出现。[结论]矫形器对婴幼儿发育性髋脱位有显著治疗作用,疗效与患儿初始治疗年龄、髋臼发育程度及矫形器治疗时间有密切关系。正确的矫形器佩戴方法及治疗时间直接影响髋关节复位的远期效果。     

Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效。方法采用Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗39例(44髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿。结果患儿均获随访,时间6～24个月。按照吉士俊等疗效评定标准进行评定:优35髋,良6髋,可3髋,优良率达93.2%。结论Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗学龄前儿童发育性髋关节脱位效果良好。     

莎氏手术治疗发育性髋脱位术后再脱位的临床研究

以Salter手术为代表的各种髋骨、骨盆截骨术治疗发育性髋脱位（developmentaldislocationofthehip，DDH）在我国已广泛开展，但由于术式设计本身及术者技术的原因，术后再脱位时有发生。我们应用莎氏手术治疗DDH术后再脱位的患儿３１例，取得了较为满意的疗效。资料与方法一、一般资料１９８９年９月～１９９９年９月共收治DDH手术后再脱位患儿３１例。男６例，女２５例；年龄３～１２岁，平均５岁８个月。原行Salter术２６例，Pemberton术３例，Chiari术２例。其中３例在做上述手术前已行切开复位术，１例患儿曾行切开复位、股骨旋转…     

发育性髋脱位手术并发症的原因分析

本文总结了我院手术治疗的发育性髋脱位236例280髋的临床资料,其中男77例94髋,女159例186髋,患者年龄1岁10个月～38岁,平均7岁9个月,术后随访1～11年,平均3年10个月,共有58髋发生了不同种类的并发症,包括再脱位9髋,股骨头缺血性坏死11髋,关节僵硬31髋,骨性关节炎7髋。文中对各种并发症产生的原因进行了较全面的分析。     

发育性髋脱位术后再脱位的三维CT分析

目的利用3D-CT影像,来探讨发育性髋脱位术后再脱位的髋臼及股骨近段的骨性病理形态改变,以分析术后再脱位的原因,从而指导和改进发育性髓脱位的治疗。方法对28例(28侧)发育性髋脱位术后再脱位患者的3D-CT影像资料进行分析,测量各参数指标,并与38例(51侧)手术成功患者术后值以及正常组对比分析,来探讨术后再脱位的原因。结果术后再脱位组患者的颈干角与正常组和手术成功组比较,均有高度显著性差异,其数值明显增大;术后再脱位组患者髋臼外上缘重型缺损者所占比例,与手术成功组比较有高度显著性差异;术后再脱位组股骨颈前倾角与正常组比较差异有显著性,而与手术成功组比较差异则无显著性。结论术后再脱位原因与股骨颈干角的角度、髋臼外上缘形态、股骨头与髋臼是否恢复同心圆复位关系等密切相关;股骨颈前倾角值比正常组偏大并非导致术后再脱位的必然因素,其术中矫正范围不能完全以正常组为标准,而应当以健侧为标准,纠正到一个比正常组略大的范围。     

非手术方法治疗婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的疗效分析

[目的]评估应用内收肌切断、手法闭合复位、改良蛙式石膏固定方法治疗6～36个月婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的价值与适应证.[方法]随访1995年1月～2001年12月有完整资料的6～36个月DDH患儿193例282髋,根据开始治疗时间分为6～12个月、13～24个月和25～36个月3组,按照复位前髋臼指数和脱位程度进行分类,比较不同髋臼指数、脱位程度与治疗结果的关系.最后随访时间为5.5～11.5年,平均8年.[结果]根据1993年全国小儿髋关节会议通过的周永德发育性髋脱位疗效评价标准,本文239髋复位满意,优良率为84.8%,其中6～12个月组优良率为88.9%,13～24个月组和25～36个月优良率分别为85.3%、80.4%,3个年龄段优良结果相比无统计学差异(P＞0.05);治疗前所有病例AI均大于30°,其中30°～35°组和36°～40°组的优良率分别为90.9%、87.6%,而＞40°组的优良率为74.1%,前两组间优良率比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而与＞40°组比较差异则有统计学意义(P＜0.05);复位前Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度脱位的远期优良率分别为86.5%、84.9%、82.5%,3组统计学检验无显著性差异(P＞0.05),共10髋发生股骨头缺血性坏死,复位前脱位程度均为Ⅲ度.[结论]内收肌切断、手法闭合复位、改良蛙式石膏固定方法对6～36个月DDH患儿是一种有效的治疗方法,3岁以下开始治疗年龄对优良率的影响不大;复位前AI值小于40°优良率高;脱位程度对治疗优良率影响不大,但＞2 cm的高度脱位是并发股骨头缺血性坏死的因素之一.     

经外侧髋臼成形术治疗儿童发育性髋脱位的初步报告

目的：介绍一种治疗儿童发育性髋脱位的术式：经外侧髋臼成形术。方法回顾2011年4月～2012年11月采用经外侧髋臼成形术治疗发育性髋脱位患者10例11髋，比较手术前后影像学变化，评价手术效果。结果对所有患者术前及术后一周髋正蛙位片进行分析，髋臼角术前平均为34.45°（31°～42°），术后14.27°（9°～18°）；CE角术前平均为-85.18°（-174°～-48°），术后52.54°（38°～70°），Shenton线不连续10例11髋，术后均恢复连续；术前Severin分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级：0髋，术后Ⅰ～Ⅱ级达10髋。结论经外侧髋臼成形术兼具salter髂骨截骨术和pemberton髋臼成形术的特点，优点突出，安全易操作，可用于治疗儿童中重度发育性髋脱位。     

联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)的手术方法及疗效。方法对48例小儿DDH患者(56髋)行软组织松解、股骨上段截骨、Salter或Pemberton髂骨截骨及异体肌腱移植、重建圆韧带术治疗,测定并对比手术前后的AI、CE角等指标,采用Severin影像学及McKay临床疗效评价标准评价疗效。结果 AI由术前36.2°~58.1°降低至11.4°~21.3°,CE角由术前-10°~-50°提高至12°~45°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患儿均获随访,时间1~4年。根据Severin X线评定标准:优30髋(53.6%),良21髋(37.5%),可5髋(8.9%)。根据McKay临床疗效评定标准:优29髋(51.8%),良20髋(35.7%),可4髋(7.1%),差3髋(5.4%)。结论联合术式结合异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗DDH有利于提高成功率、减少并发症,但须强调联合化及个体化原则。     

Pavlik吊带早期治疗发育性髋脱位:现状与问题

髋关节发育不良是新生儿常见的出生缺陷,其中发育性髋脱位是其中头臼间失去正常对位关系的严重类型,其治疗的目的是获得稳定的同心圆对位,早期发现、早期治疗是取得良好预后的关键。Pavlik吊带是目前0~6个月DDH患儿首选的治疗方法。本文将介绍Pavlik吊带方法及原理、早期治疗结果、早期复位失败因素以及早期治疗失败后的治疗策略。     

Arthroscopic treatment for traumatic hip dislocation with avulsion fracture of the ligamentum teres

Traumatic hip dislocation in children is a rare condition. Immediate closed reduction is a treatment of choice, but when incongruent reduction results, it can be due to interposition and requires open arthrotomy. We present a previously unreported technique of arthroscopic treatment that was used successfully for traumatic hip dislocation in a 10-year-old girl with impingement of the avulsed ligamentum teres. Arthroscopy was effective in confirming the exact nature of the interposition material and excising the fragment with minimal invasion.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 1 (January), 2001: pp 67–69     

Soft tissue collagen in congenital dislocation of the hip. Biochemical studies of the ligamentum teres of the femur and the hip joint capsule

Collagens of the ligamentum teres of the femur and the hip joint capsule of 14 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) were studied biochemically. Collagen was a major component of these tissues. Solubility of collagen was reversely related to age except in two cases. Collagen of both ligamentum teres of the femur and hip joint capsule was composed of type I, III and V collagens except in three cases. In these three cases with nevus or general joint laxity, two additional collagenous components were also found. The ratios of type III collagen to type I collagen were increased in CDH except in one case with short stature. These abnormalities of collagen metabolism could be the underlying cause of CDH and other clinical symptoms in these patients.     

Total hip arthroplasty in developmental high dislocation of the hip

In total hip arthroplasty for developmental high dislocations, placement of the implant cup in the true acetabulum and femoral-shortening osteotomy can produce satisfactory results. We performed total hip arthroplasties in 25 high dislocated hips (22 patients) between 1992 and 2000, placing all cups in the true acetabula and using noncemented components and performing a femoral-shortening osteotomy in 22 hips. The overall complication rate was 36%. At follow-up evaluation at an average of 5 years later, patients' mean scores had improved as follows: pain, from 2.3 to 5.7; function scores, from 2.3 to 4.5; mobility scores, from 2.3 to 4.4; Harris hip scores, from 37.8 to 95. We recommend both placing the cup in the true acetabulum to maximize host-bone contact with the implant and preserve as much host bone as possible and femoral-shortening osteotomy for a lower incidence of nerve injury than with aggressive soft-tissue release.     

Missed or developmental dislocation of the hip

In 15 documented cases, subluxation or dislocation of the hip was discovered months or years after previous multiple normal physical examinations. The examiners were unique in that six were professors specializing in childrens' orthopedics, four were board-certified orthopedists, and five were pediatricians. An increased acetabular index, subluxation, and early dislocation may not always be detected on physical examination. Delayed diagnosis of dislocation is not evidence that an inadequate physical examination was performed. An increased acetabular index may allow the femoral head to move laterally out of the acetabulum and become a delayed dislocation. The delayed subluxed or dislocated hip constitutes an entity not necessarily related to the neonatal subluxable or dislocatable hip.     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换治疗成人高位发育性髋脱位

目的：分析和总结成人高位发育性髋脱位患者的非骨水泥型全髋关节置换手术方法及疗效。方法：对1999年5月～2002年7月接受Zweymuller非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术的9例(11髋)成人高位发育性髋脱位患者进行随访。男1例，女8例，平均年龄29．4岁，均为Hartofilakidis Ⅲ型。临床症状主要为患髋疼痛、不稳定和跛行。术前Harris评分平均为40．2分。双下肢长度差异平均4．1cm,脱位高度平均4．8cm。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处，臼杯骨量覆盖80％以上。脱位高度5cm以上4髋，采用股骨小转子下截骨，余7髋经单纯软组织松解后复位。结果：平均随访18．2个月。临床症状基本消失，双下肢长度差异平均1．1cm。1例术中股神经不全损伤，术后4个月恢复。Harris评分平均90分。所有患者最后随访时对治疗结果满意。结论非骨水泥型全髋关节置换对成人高位发育性髋脱位的治疗是一种较理想的方法，能很大程度地改善患者的生活质量。脱位高度小于5cm者，经软组织松解后能完全下拉复位，不会造成股神经及坐骨神经永久性麻痹。手术操作相对简单，即使发生松动也便于翻修。