The influence of Cr addition on the corrosion resistance of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 metallic glass in marine environments

The influence of Cr concentration on the corrosion resistance of Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Nb₃Cu₁ metallic glass in simulated marine atmospheres with chlorides (Cl⁻) was studied. Cyclic polarisation measurements were carried out to study susceptibility to localised corrosion. All the tests were carried out with the same material in different states: amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline. DC current electrochemical techniques were used to analyse the corrosion kinetics. Gravimetric tests were used to establish the reliability of the data obtained electrochemically. The study also focused on the modification of the magnetic properties in the material as a result of exposure to an aggressive medium and Cr addition.     

Enhanced microwave absorption properties of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7 nanoflakes by moderate surface oxidization and rotational orientation in composites

Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_15.5B₇ nanoflakes were fabricated by ball milling the annealed ribbons. The microwave absorption properties of Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_15.5B₇ nanoflakes were improved by moderate surface oxidization and rotational orientation in composites. As for the oxide-coated nanoflakes composite, the permittivity decreased distinctly and the permeability maintained the initial value compared with the as-milled nanoflakes composite. Through rotational orientation, the lower permittivity and higher permeability were obtained, and consequently the microwave absorption properties were improved obviously. The minimum reflectivity for the absorber of the oriented composites with 35 vol% oxide-coated nanoflakes could reach −46.4 dB at 1.31 GHz with the thickness of 4.2 mm.     

Electric-field-enhanced crystallization of amorphous Fe86Zr7B6Cu1 alloy

The effect of external electric field on the crystallization of amorphous Fe₈₆Zr₇B₆Cu₁ alloy was studied. It is shown that its crystallization process is markedly enhanced by external electric field. The crystallization time at 600 °C decreases from 1 to 0.5 h on application of a modest (10⁴ V/m) external electric field. The volume fraction of crystalline -Fe increases from 65.2 to 68.6%, while the grain size decreases from 13.2 to 11.9 nm. The electric-field-enhanced crystallization may result from the fact that the external electric field results in the increases of the crystal nucleation rate and the crystal growth rate. The complex permeability shows an apparent improvement in soft magnetic properties induced by electric field, thereby demonstrating the practical utility of electric-field-enhanced crystallization technique.     

Formation of Mg,Al-hydrotalcite conversion coating on Mg alloy in aqueous HCO3/CO3 and corresponding protection against corrosion by the coating

An environmentally clean method is studied for synthesizing a conversion coating on Mg alloy in aqueous at 50 °C. A precursor layer was firstly formed on AZ91D sample. The precursor layer transformed into a crystallized Mg,Al-hydrotalcite when the sample was continuously immersed in the bath until the bath changed from acidic to alkaline. A rapid conversion treatment was, therefore, developed: it involved maintaining the pH under 6 for precursor layer formation and then increasing it to 11.5 to form crystallized Mg,Al-hydrotalcite coating. No corrosion spot on the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite-coated sample was observed after a 72-hour salt spray test.     

Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶合金的晶化动力学

用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）结合Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,研究了Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９非晶合金的晶化动力学。结果表明：温度在０～７００℃范围内,该合金的晶化相为α－Ｆｅ和Ｆｅ２Ｂ;α－Ｆｅ相晶化表观激活能为４５２．３９ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ,Ｆｅ２Ｂ相的晶化表观激活能３９５．２３ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ;两相在晶化初期激活能最小,随晶化量Ｘｃ的增加而迅速境大,在α－Ｆｅ的体积分类为３０％～８０％,Ｆｅ２Ｂ的体积分     

Electrochemical behavior of multicomponent amorphous and nanocrystalline Zr-based alloys in different environments

Electrochemical behavior of multicomponent melt spun Zr-based amorphous as well as nanocrystalline alloys have been studied in three different corrosive media (neutral NaCl, basic NaOH and acidic H₂SO₄ solutions). Due to the presence of strong passivating elements, (Zr and Ti) melt spun ternary alloys (Zr₅₅Ti₂₅Ni₂₀) have shown complete passivation in NaCl solution even as they contain a small amount of crystallinity. Amorphous multicomponent alloys containing Cu (Zr₅₈Cu₂₈Al₁₀Ti₄ and Zr₆₅Cu_7.5Al_7.5Ni₁₀Pd₁₀) show active nature in NaCl solution and this is strongly related to selective dissolution of base metal (Zr) and enrichment of Cu in the pit region. In NaOH and H₂SO₄ solutions, all the alloys have shown complete passivation irrespective of the alloy composition.     

New fracture morphology of amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy

The tensile fracture morphology of a brittle amorphous Fe-based ribbon was investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The fracture surface consists of mirror, mist and river-pattern zones with crack propagating. The formation of nanoscale damage cavity structure is a main characteristic morphology on the fracture surface. Approaching the fracture source in the mirror, these damage cavities assemble and form the nanoscale periodic striation patterns, which are neither Wallner lines nor crack front waves. At shear deformation stage, the apparent surface energy yf of amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbon is much smaller than that of less-brittle amorphous alloys, which indirectly indicates amorphous Fe7sSi9Bl3 ribbon is perfectly brittle. The crack branching appears at the moment of final fracture due to the high crack propagating velocity.     

Recession behavior of Yb2Si2O7 phase under high speed steam jet at high temperatures

Recession behavior of Yb₂Si₂O₇ phase was examined under high speed steam jet environment between 1300 °C and 1500 °C. Yb₂SiO₅ phase was formed on the bulk surface by the decomposition of Yb₂Si₂O₇ phase and the elimination of silica component at elevated temperatures. The phase ratio of Yb₂SiO₅/Yb₂Si₂O₇ increased up to 1400 °C and then decreased above 1400 °C. The relative intensity of 2 2 0 peak for Yb₂Si₂O₇ phase increased with increasing the temperatures. Fine grains were generated on the bulk surface at 1300 °C. The phase decomposition caused on the grain interior. A porous structure was formed on the bulk surface during the test at 1400 °C. Surface cracks were generated for 1400 °C test sample. A smooth surface was generated on the surface of 1500 °C test sample. The triple points of the grains were bridged with a glassy phase.     

Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen-induced cracking of amorphous Fe74.5Ni10Si3.5B9C2

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in NaCl solution and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) during dynamic charging of Fe_74.5Ni₁₀Si_3.5B₉C₂ amorphous alloy were investigated through sustained load tests. The normalized threshold stress of SCC was σ_SCC/σ_F=0.04, where σ_F is fracture strength in air. Anodic polarization and addition of As₂O₃ into the solution did not change σ_SCC/σ_F, but cathodic polarization increased σ_SCC/σ_F from 0.04 to 0.31. Cathodic polarization increased but anodic polarization decreased the time to failure during SCC at the constant load of σ=0.27σ_F.The normalized threshold stress of HIC, σ_HIC/σ_F, was linearly decreased with the increase in logarithm of hydrogen concentration (C₀) and kept a minimum constant when C₀ was larger than a critical value, i.e., σ_HIC/σ_F=1.58−0.36lnC₀ (C₀?74.4 wppm) and 0.1 (C₀?74.4 wppm). The threshold stress of HIC during dynamic charging with the maximum current was larger than that of SCC at open-circuit potential. Fracture surfaces of HIC were also different with that of SCC. Experiments indicated that SCC of the amorphous alloy in the NaCl solution is controlled by anodic dissolution process instead of hydrogen.     

纳米晶软磁合金Fe73／5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9淬态脆化机制研究

本文采用正电子湮没、居里点与内耗等方法对纳米晶磁合金Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９淬态脆化机制进行系统研究。研究结果表明ＦｅＣｕＮｂＳｉＢ淬态脆化是由于发生／构弛豫造成,且其结构弛豫峰温度比常用Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ非晶低得我,说明Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ非晶低得多,说明ＦｅＣｕＮｂＳｉＢ比常用Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ非晶易产生由结构弛豫造成的淬态脆化。     

Magnetic entropy changes at early stages of nanocrystallization in amorphous Fe90Zr7B3 ribbons

Microstructure, revealed by transmission electron microscopy and conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetization versus magnetizing field induction and temperature and isothermal magnetic entropy changes in the as-quenched and subjected to annealing at T_a1 = 723 K for 2 or 3 h and at T_a2 = 743 K for 2.5 h of Fe₉₀Zr₇B₃ amorphous alloy are studied. In the as-quenched state the medium range ordered regions are observed. The annealing at T_a1 leads to early stages of crystallization and nanograins with different diameter embedded in amorphous matrix are formed. At the Curie point of the amorphous phase they are magnetically decoupled and behave like superparamagnetic particles. The Curie point of the residual amorphous phase shifts towards higher temperature as compared to the as-quenched state due to the Invar like effect. The peak of the isothermal magnetic entropy changes appears at the Curie temperature of the main amorphous phase. Their values at the maximum applied field of 0.75 T equals to 0.32 J/kg K⁻¹ in the as-quenched alloy and remain almost unchanged after early stages of nanocrystallization. After the annealing at T_a2 the peak of the entropy changes distinctly decreases. Such behavior is ascribed to the biphasic character of the sample. The main amorphous phase and ordered one, which in some circumstances can be treated as an assembly of superparamagnetic particles, contribute to the total magnetic entropy changes.     

The corrosion of Fe3Al alloy in liquid zinc

A systematic study of the isothermal corrosion testing and microscopic examination of Fe₃Al alloy in liquid zinc containing small amounts of aluminum (less than 0.2 wt.%) at 450 °C was carried out in this work. The results showed the corrosion of Fe₃Al alloy in molten zinc was controlled by the dissolution mechanism. The alloy exhibited a regular corrosion layer, constituted of small metallic particles (diameter: 2-5 μm) separated by channels filled with liquid zinc, which represented a porosity of about 29%. The XRD result of the corrosion layer formed at the interface confirmed the presence of Zn and FeZn_6.67. The corrosion rate of Fe₃Al alloy in molten zinc was calculated to be approximately 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ g cm⁻² s⁻¹. Three steps could occur in the whole process: the superficial dissolution of metallic Cr in the corrosion layer, the new phase formation of FeZn_6.67 and the diffusion of the dissolved species in the channels of the corrosion layer.     

高导磁纳米晶Fe73／5Cu1Nb2V1Si13／5B9合金的低频损耗行为

在ｆ＝１０￣１０００Ｈｚ及Ｂｍ＝０．１￣１．０Ｔ的范围内,测量了具有高起始磁导率的纳米晶Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ２Ｖ１Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金的总铁损。将总铁损分离为磁滞损耗、经典涡流损耗和过剩损耗之和,我们仔细地考查了每周员耗的非线性行为。根据损耗的统计理论,仔细地计算了每周过剩损耗,结果表明,这一理论能很发 地描述低频损耗的非线性行为。     

The corrosion behaviour of WC-VC-Co hardmetals in acidic media

The effect of increasing vanadium carbide (VC) content on the corrosion behaviour of tungsten carbide - 10 wt% cobalt hardmetals was investigated in 1 M hydrochloric (HCl), and sulphuric (H₂SO₄) acids solutions. Increasing VC content makes the open circuit potential (OCP) in the test solutions more negative than the base alloy. Specimens exhibited pseudo passivation in all the test solutions. Increasing VC led to decreasing corrosion current density. However, the corrosion current densities during chronoamperometric tests were lower for 0 wt% VC. XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that hydrated WO₃ formed in the surface films of all specimens in hydrochloric acid (HCl), while hydrated vanadyl sulphate also formed for higher VC content specimens in sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄).     

Effect of the aluminium content of AlxCrFe1.5MnNi0.5 high-entropy alloys on the corrosion behaviour in aqueous environments

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a newly developed family of multi-component alloys. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the Al_xCrFe_1.5MnNi_0.5 alloys, obtained in H₂SO₄ and NaCl solutions, clearly revealed that the corrosion resistance increases as the concentration of aluminium decreases. The Al_xCrFe_1.5MnNi_0.5 alloys exhibited a wide passive region, which extended >1000 mV in acidic environments. The Nyquist plots of the Al-containing alloys had two capacitive loops, which represented the electrical double layer and the adsorptive layer. SEM micrographs revealed that the general and pitting corrosion susceptibility of the HEAs increased as the amount of aluminium in the alloy increased.     

Comparing the anodic reactions of Ni and Ni–P amorphous alloy in alkaline solution

The anodic reactions of amorphous Ni–P alloys prepared by electroless plating were compared with pure Ni in 6 M KOH. The structure and surface components of Ni–P alloys before and after cyclic voltammetry (CV) scan were verified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CVs of Ni and Ni–P show many differences. Their CV properties are compared in different potential regions. The variation of the total anodic charge density suggests that the corrosion resistance of Ni is superior to that of amorphous Ni–P alloy in 6 M KOH under potential polarization.     

The microstructure development in Fe32Cu20Ni28P10Si5B5 immiscible alloy and possibilities of formation of amorphous/crystalline composite

Durch Messungen mittels differentieller Thermal-Analyse und dazu komplementäre Untersuchungen der Mikrostrukturen an Fe-Cu Legierungen ergibt sich erstmals der Nachweis für das Auftreten von kritischer-Punkt Benetzung an einer vollständig metastabilen Mischungslücke. Die damit verbundene vollständige Benetzung tritt in dem Zusammensetzungsbereich von 50–65 at.% Fe nahe der kritischen Konzentration auf. Glaseingelagerte Proben zeigen die vollständige Benetzung des Glases durch die Cu-reiche Schmelze während des Unterkühlens bis zur metastabilen Mischungslücke. Im Zusammensetzungsbereich der vollständigen Benetzung erfolgt die Entmischung bei der zugehörigen Binodaltemperatur ohne zusätzliche Unterkühlung. Bei der Erstarrung der phasenseparierten Schmelze aus tiefer Unterkühlung führt dies zu einem grobskaligen Entmischungsgefüge. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt die Entmischungsreaktion bei Zusammensetzungen außerhalb des Intervalls vollständiger Benetzung eine merkliche Unterkühlung unterhalb der jeweiligen Binodaltemperatur. Das zugehörige Erstarrungsgefüge zeigt die Phasentrennung auf einer deutlich kleineren Skala. Ohne Glaseinlagerung befinden sich die Proben in Kontakt zu dem Al₂O₃-Tiegel und zu einer Oberflächenschicht aus Eisenoxid. Unter diesen Bedingungen findet kritischer-Punkt Benetzung auf beiden Seiten der kritischen Zusammensetzung statt. Diese Ergebnisse demonstrieren daß kritischer-Punkt Benetzung unabhängig von der Probenumgebung erfolgt, daß jedoch die benetzende Phase oberflächenempfindlich ist und durch die Probenumgebung selektiert wird.