多环芳烃降解菌X20的鉴定及降解特性

从多环芳烃降解高效的混合菌群中分离筛选到1株多环芳烃降解菌X20,经形态观察和16SrRNA序列分析,属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。采用室内摇瓶培养的方法,研究了该菌在不同环境条件下对菲和芘的降解。结果表明:弱碱环境有利于菌株X20对菲和芘的降解,最适pH为8.0;葡萄糖对菲芘降解率的影响呈抛物线变化,当葡萄糖浓度为0.2%时,X20对菲和芘的降解达到最高;X20对菲和芘的降解率随其初始浓度的上升而降低,菲和芘在初始浓度为10、20和40mg.L-1时的7d降解率分别为56.3%、39.25%、29.75%和41.8%、29.55%、23.50%,芘对X20降解的抑制强度高于菲。本研究结果将为构建高效的多环芳烃降解菌群,提高多环芳烃原位污染土壤的生物修复效果奠定基础。     

多环芳烃降解菌的筛选与降解能力测定

从本溪多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤中经富集培养筛选出8株PAHs降解菌,研究了8株菌及其等比例混合培养对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解能力。结果表明,在28℃,培养基中菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的浓度分别为50、50和5mg·L-1的复合底物条件下,培养28d后,菌株B3的降解效果最好,对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解率分别为88.4%、54.0%和68.4%,8株菌的混合培养对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解率分别为87.7%、35.3%和42.0%;经生理生化实验和16SrRNA序列比对,初步鉴定B3菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。     

1株芘降解酵母菌HXY-5的筛选鉴定及对芘的降解研究

以长期被石油污染的沈抚污灌渠底泥为菌源,富集筛选出以芘为唯一碳源能够生长的菌株HXY-5,采用形态学和分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定,运用光电比浊法测定其对芘的降解效果,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定其最佳发酵和培养条件。结果表明:HXY-5菌株为间型假丝酵母(Candida intermedia);其最适发酵和培养条件为蔗糖20 g,酵母浸粉2 g,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5 g,CaCl_2 0.01 g,KH_2PO_4 0.5 g,溶于1 000 mL蒸馏水中,初始pH 6.0,培养温度为25℃,175 r/min发酵24 h;在初始芘浓度为100 mg/L的液体无机盐培养基中,15 d时,HXY-5菌株对芘的降解率可达63%。结果表明,HXY-5菌株可以对芘环境污染进行修复。     

芘高效降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

以芘为唯一碳源,采用富集培养方法,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离得到一株芘降解菌ZQ5.根据形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果,将菌株ZQ₅鉴定为寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas sp.）.采用摇瓶振荡培养方法研究该菌株降解芘的特性及培养条件对降解效能的影响.结果表明：菌株ZQ₅在30 ℃振荡培养10 d后,对100 mg·L^-1的芘降解率为91.2%,加入水杨酸（100 mg·L^-1）作为共代谢底物可以提高菌株ZQ₅对芘的降解率.当培养基pH为7～8、盐浓度不高于2%时,有利于菌株ZQ₅降解效能的发挥.     

裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

【目的】评价裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株降解孔雀石绿(Malachite Green,MG)的能力及其潜在的应用价值。【方法】采用单因子液体培养实验,研究了通气、p H、温度、碳源和氮源种类及浓度、金属离子、盐度、染料浓度对该菌降解效果的影响;采用平皿培养实验,利用植物种子萌发和微生物抑菌实验对降解产物进行毒性测试。【结果】研究结果表明,裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株在好氧和厌氧条件下均能高效降解MG。该菌在10.0 g/L葡萄糖,5.0 g/L酵母浸粉,0.01 mmol/L Zn2+,p H为4.0的液体培养基中培养36 h,对350 mg/L的MG降解率达67.8%;连续降解7次后,其降解率还能保持在95.4%以上。此外,该菌在盐度低于10.20%时,其对MG的降解率均达到98%以上。对植物、微生物的毒性测试结果表明,MG降解产物对红豆、豌豆等植物、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌等微生物基本没有毒性。【结论】裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株在处理以MG为主的染料废水时具有很强的应用潜力。     

高效芘降解菌N12的分离鉴定与降解特性

以芘为目标降解物,利用选择性富集培养方法,从沈抚灌区污染土壤中分离到一株高效芘降解菌N12,经生理生化试验和16S rDNA测序分析,该菌被鉴定为分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium sp.）.菌株N12能以菲、苊、芴和芘为唯一碳源和能源生长,不能以蒽、萘和苯并芘为唯一碳源和能源生长.在菲和芘共同存在的情况下菌株N12可降解苯并芘,9 d内对苯并芘降解率可达79.0%.摇瓶降解试验表明,菌株N12可在7 d内将100 mg·L^-1的芘降解94.4%,14 d内将其完全降解;可将600 mg·L^-1的芘在7 d内降解56.1%,14 d内降解95.5%.添加葡萄糖可促进N12对芘的降解.菌株N12是一株优良的多环芳烃降解菌,可作为多环芳烃污染土壤生物修复的菌种资源.     

苯酚降解菌ZJ-1的分离及降解特性研究

目的:筛选苯酚降解菌,用于降解苯酚提高氧化塘处理效率.方法:以苯酚为惟一碳源进行选择性培养.结果:从乌鲁木齐市某炼油厂污水池的活性污泥中分离出一株能以苯酚为惟一碳源培养基上生长的菌株,编号为ZJ-1,该菌株最高可耐受1000mg/L的苯酚.对该苯酚降解菌降解性能研究表明:该菌具有较强的降解能力,在32℃、pH 7左右、接种量1%时,摇床振荡速度120r/min的条件下,该菌株在48h内苯酚降解率可达81%以上.培养液中苯酚浓度在300mg/L、500mg/L时,该菌株的降解率比较明显.当苯酚浓度大于1000mg/L时,则元明显降解效果.结论:ZJ-1菌株对苯酚具有较强的降解能力,具有广阔的应用前景.     

芘高效降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性的研究

以芘为惟一碳源.采用寓集培养方法,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离得到一株芘降解菌B05.根据形态学观察、生理牛化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果.将菌株B05鉴定为Aminobacter ciceronei.在芘初始浓度为1mg/L的液体无机盐培养基中,培养10d,菌株B05对芘的降解率为51%;在芘初始浓度为1mg/kg的土壤培养基条件下,培养30d,菌株B05对芘的降解率可达51%;在芘初始浓度为50mg/L的乙醇液体培养基条件下,培养5d,菌株B05对芘的降解率可达25.9%.对菌株培养条件进行优化,经SlideWrite统计软件拟合,菌株B05在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基上的最适生长pH值为7.3,最适生长温度为32.5℃,最适装液量为25.4mL(150mL三角瓶).     

1株高效菲降解不动杆菌的筛选、鉴定及性能研究

从兰州某化工厂石油废水中分离筛选出1株高效降解菲的细菌F-1并对其菌种进行鉴定,结合紫外分光光度法及气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对菌株生长特性、不同烃类化合物降解特性及菲降解动力学等进行了研究,利用PCR技术检测了芳香烃代谢相关基因。结果表明,菌株F-1属于约翰逊不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii),可在终浓度为50～800 mg/L的含菲基础培养基中正常生长。在温度30℃、pH 7. 0、盐度0. 3%(质量分数)、转速180 r/min条件下培养5 d后菲(终浓度为100 mg/L)降解率为43. 57%,降解过程符合一级动力学特征。菌株F-1也能利用联苯、萘、蒽、芘为唯一碳源生长。GC-MS分析显示菌株对C10-C28部分直链烷烃具有较强的降解能力。PCR扩增结果表明,菌株F-1基因组中存在邻苯二酚-1,2-双加氧酶、苯甲酸盐双加氧酶、铁氧化还原蛋白还原酶、乙醇脱氢酶、二羟酸脱水酶、醛缩酶和氧化还原蛋白基因。研究结果为该菌株应用到含菲废水及多环芳烃污染土壤的处理和深度修复研究提供参考。     

高分子量多环芳烃降解菌筛选及在土壤电动-生物修复中应用

采用富集培养和多环芳烃双加氧酶基因检测方法,从焦化场地多环芳烃污染土壤分离筛选出9株PAHs降解菌。以高分子量多环芳烃芘为唯一碳源进行摇瓶降解实验,结果表明,J6、S5、S4、S2和B4对芘具有较好的降解能力,21 d时芘降解率均达55%以上,其中B4处理芘的降解率最高,达到70.2%。进一步研究了该5株菌及其混合菌对土壤中芘的降解效果,发现混合菌的降解效果高于单菌的降解效果,其中混合菌H4和单菌B4的降解效果较好,49 d时混合菌H4和单菌B4处理土壤中芘的降解率达29.3%和18.3%。经过16S rRNA基因序列比对,鉴定J6菌株为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus ruber),S5为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),S4和S2是鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingopyxis sp.),B4为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。在电场条件下,混合菌H4和单菌B4处理微生物数量及活性均显著提高,芘的降解率较单独H4和B4处理提高33.0%和20.1%,说明筛选出的5株高分子量多环芳烃降解菌具有较强的电场适应能力,可在高分子量多环芳烃污染土壤电动-微生物修复中应用。     

多环芳烃降解菌筛选及其降解特性

通过选择性富集培养,从辽河油田稠油污染土壤4号土样中,获得了能以高浓度菲(2000mg·L^-1)为唯一碳源和能源快速生长的优势菌系和优良菌株ZL5．16S rDNA核苷酸序列分析表明,ZL5菌株归类于鞘氨醇单胞菌属,分得的菌系和菌株有较强的降解菲能力,120h混合菌系降解了投加菲的95．28％,菌株降解了69．24％,但它们对芘的降解能力均较低,外加碳源葡萄糖可提高菌系和菌株的菲、芘降解能力,加量多。提高幅度大,但超过一定量。降解速率开始下降,表现出抑制效应。所以,应用时需控制适宜的浓度。     

Biodegrading of pyrene by a newly isolated Pseudomonas putida PL2

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic compounds derived from natural sources and anthropogenic processes, which have been recommended as priority pollutants. Degradation of PAHs in the environment is becoming more necessary and urgent. In the current study, strain PL2, which is capable of growing aerobically on pyrene (PYR) as the sole carbon source, was isolated from hydrocarbons-contaminated soil and then identified as Pseudomonas putida by morphological and physiological characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence. The strain PL2 was able to degrade 50.0% of the pyrene at 28°C within 6 days in the presence of 50 mg/L pyrene, while the strain PL2 degraded 50.0% of the pyrene within 2 days when a solution of 50 mg/L pyrene and 50 mg/L phenanthrene was used. In addition, phenanthrene was shown to increase the biodegradation efficiency of pyrene by the strain PL2. The order of degradation by the strain PL2 was pH 6.0 > pH 7.0 > pH 5.0 > pH 8.0. The degradation rate of PYR in the soil by the strain PL2 reached 70.0% at the 10^th day. The dynamics of PYR degradation in soil by PL2 was fit to the first order model and the strain PL2 was shown to efficiently degrade PYR in soil. The current study showed that P. putida PL2 was a novel bacterium that could degrade pyrene and holds great promise for use in PAHs bioremediation in soil.     

中度嗜盐菌Martelella sp. AD-3 降解菲过程中水杨酸-5-羟化酶的酶学性质

[目的]研究中度嗜盐菌Martelella sp.AD-3在降解菲过程中水杨酸-5-羟化酶的活性与菲降解效率的关系及其酶学性质.[方法]通过HPLC分析菲的降解效率和AD-3菌粗酶液催化水杨酸的产物,根据NADH在340 nm处的吸光度变化计算水杨酸-5-羟化酶的活性.[结果]水杨酸-5-羟化酶是一种诱导酶,在AD-3菌的对数生长期和稳定初期时活性较高,酶活力大小与该菌对菲的降解速率基本一致.在菲浓度为200 mg/L、生长盐度为3％、pH为9.0的培养条件下,AD-3菌株表达的水杨酸-5-羟化酶的活力最高,为132.8 nmol/(min·mg).水杨酸-5-羟化酶催化水杨酸降解时的最适温度、pH和盐度分别为30℃、7.5和3％,酶的最大反应速率为200 nmol/(min· mg)、米氏常数Km为8.7μmol/L.[结论]AD-3菌在降解菲的过程中表达水杨酸-5-羟化酶,该酶的活性与菲降解速率具有相关性.     

Sphingobium sp. FB3 degrades a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A soil sample collected underneath a sewage pipe of the west side of Yangpu refining factory in Haikou city, Hainan Province, China was inoculated in minimum medium supplemented with fluoranthene. After 8 enrichment cycles, a bacterial consortium (Y12) was obtained through water-silicone oil dual system in the laboratory. The consortium Y12 could degrade a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. The consortium Y12 was repeatedly cultured for more than 40 circles, from which a bacterial strain FB3 was isolated. This strain was identified as a Sphingobium sp. through the 16S rDNA sequence alignment. Strain FB3 could degrade 99 ± 0.4%, 67 ± 2%, 97 ± 3%, 72 ± 8%, and 6 ± 2% (uncorrected degradation percentages) of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene each at level of 100 mg L⁻¹ and benzo[a]pyrene at 10 mg L⁻¹, respectively, in 10 days, which the five PAHs were the sole carbon source as a mixture in minimum medium. The degradation percentages of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene (each at level of 100 mg L⁻¹) and benzo[a]pyrene (10 mg L⁻¹) by consortium Y12 were 99 ± 0.1%, 65 ± 3%, 99 ± 0.3%, 79 ± 1% and 7 ± 6%, respectively, in 10 days. Strain FB3 could degrade those PAHs under a range of pH 5–9, being optimum at pH 7.     

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by an acidophilic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain AJH1 isolated from a mineral mining site in Saudi Arabia

The present study aims at analyzing the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at acidic conditions (pH = 2) by acidophilic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain AJH1 (KU664513). The strain AJH1 was obtained from an enrichment culture obtained from soil samples of mining area in the presence of PAH as sole sources of carbon and energy. Strain AJH1was able to degrade low (anthracene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, fluorene) and high (pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene) molecular weight PAHs in acidophilic mineral salt medium at pH 2, with removal rates of up to 95% (LMW PAH) and 80% (HMW PAH), respectively. In addition, strain AJH1 treated petroleum wastewater with 89 ± 1.1% COD removal under acidic condition (pH 2) in a continuously stirred reactor. Acidophilic S. maltophilia strain AJH1, hence holds the promise as an effective degrader for biological treatment of PAHs contaminated wastewater at acidic pH.

     

Production of metabolites in the biodegradation of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene by the mixed culture of Mycobacterium sp. and Sphingomonas sp

The effects of the mixed culture of Mycobacterium sp. strain A1-PYR and Sphingomonas sp. strain PheB4 on the degradation characteristics of single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were investigated. In the mixed bacterial culture, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene were degraded by 100% at Day 3, 71.2% and 50% at Day 7, respectively. Compared to their respective pure cultures, the degradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene decreased, but that of pyrene increased significantly. Based on GC-MS analysis, eight and six new metabolites were produced from the biodegradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene, respectively, while only two new metabolites were formed from pyrene. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the mixed bacterial culture could increase the diversity of metabolites from PAH, but the diverse metabolite pattern was not necessarily beneficial to the degradation of the recalcitrant PAH. The enhancement on pyrene degradation was possibly attributed to the rapid growth of strain PheB4.     

Biodegradation of phenanthrene by Pseudomonas sp. BZ-3, isolated from crude oil contaminated soil

A phenanthrene (PHE) degrading bacterium strain BZ-3 was isolated from the crude oil contaminated soil in Binzhou, China. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp. BZ-3 on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, salinity and PHE concentration on the degradation efficiency of PHE. The degradation efficiency and degradation metabolites of PHE were detected by using GC–MS and HPLC-MS analyses. The strain BZ-3 could degrade 75% of PHE at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L under 20 g/L salinity in 7 days. PHE degradation kinetics was estimated in a first-order degradation rate model and the rate coefficient was calculated as 0.108 d⁻¹. On the basis of the identified degradation metabolites, the strain BZ-3 could degrade PHE in the salicylate metabolic pathway. In a mixture system consisting of PHE and other PAHs including naphthalene (NA), anthracene (ANTH), and pyrene (PYR), the strain BZ-3 showed an efficiently degradation capability. Further study showed that the strain BZ-3 could also use NA, ANTH, PYR, xylene, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and hexane as the sole carbon and energy source, but did not grow on nitrobenzene-containing medium.     

Identification of pyrene-induced proteins in Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1: evidence for two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases

In this study, the enzymes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation were investigated in the pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1. [(14)C]pyrene mineralization experiments showed that bacteria grown with either pyrene or phenanthrene produced high levels of pyrene-catabolic activity but that acetate-grown cells had no activity. As a means of identifying specific catabolic enzymes, protein extracts from bacteria grown on pyrene or on other carbon sources were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Pyrene-induced proteins were tentatively identified by peptide sequence analysis. Half of them resembled enzymes known to be involved in phenanthrene degradation, with closest similarity to the corresponding enzymes from Nocardioides sp. strain KP7. The genes encoding the terminal components of two distinct ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases were cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the two enzymes, designated Pdo1 and Pdo2, belong to a subfamily of dioxygenases found exclusively in gram-positive bacteria. When overproduced in Escherichia coli, Pdo1 and Pdo2 showed distinctive selectivities towards PAH substrates, with the former enzyme catalyzing the dihydroxylation of both pyrene and phenanthrene and the latter preferentially oxidizing phenanthrene. The catalytic activity of the Pdo2 enzyme was dramatically enhanced when electron carrier proteins of the phenanthrene dioxygenase from strain KP7 were coexpressed in recombinant cells. The Pdo2 enzyme was purified as a brown protein consisting of two types of subunits with M(r)s of about 52,000 and 20,000. Immunoblot analysis of cell extracts from strain 6PY1 revealed that Pdo1 was present in cells grown on benzoate, phenanthrene, or pyrene and absent in acetate-grown cells. In contrast, Pdo2 could be detected only in PAH-grown cells. These results indicated that the two enzymes were differentially regulated depending on the carbon source used for growth.     

多环芳烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

【目的】多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中且具有高毒性的持久性有机污染物,高效降解菌的筛选对利用生物修复技术有效去除环境中的多环芳烃具有重要意义。研究拟从供试菌株中筛选多环芳烃高效降解菌,并分析其降解特性,为多环芳烃污染环境的微生物修复提供资源保障和科学依据。【方法】采用平板法从25株供试菌株中筛选出以菲和芘为唯一碳源和能源的高效降解菌,经16S rRNA基因序列进行初步鉴定,通过单因素实验法分析其在液体培养基中的降解特性。【结果】筛选出的3株多环芳烃高效降解菌SL-1、02173和02830经16S rRNA基因序列分析,02173和02830分别与假单胞菌属中的Pseudomonas alcaliphila和Pseudomonas corrugate同源性最近,SL-1为本课题组发表新类群Rhizobium petrolearium的模式菌株;降解实验表明,菌株SL-1 3 d内对单一多环芳烃菲(100 mg/L)和芘(50 mg/L)的降解率分别达到100%和48%,5 d后能够降解74%的芘;而其3 d内对混合PAHs中菲和芘的降解率分别为75.89%和81.98%。菌株02173和02830 3 d内对混合多环芳烃中萘(200 mg/L)、芴(50 mg/L)、菲(100 mg/L)和芘(50 mg/L)的降解率均分别超过97%。【结论】筛选出的3株PAHs降解菌SL-1、02173和02830不仅可以高效降解低分子量PAHs,还对高分子量PAHs具有很好的降解潜力。研究表明,由于共代谢作用低分子量多环芳烃可促进高分子量多环芳烃的降解,而此时低分子量多环芳烃的降解将受到抑制。