A study on an optimal approach temperature control strategy of condensing water temperature for energy saving

An optimal approach temperature (OAT) control strategy is proposed for resetting the condensing water temperature hourly, so to maximize the performance of the combined water chiller and cooling tower system. A system performance factor is introduced for evaluation of the system performance. A regression function is presented for the calculation of an optimal condensing water temperature at each hour of air-conditioning operation. The parameters in the regression function include the ambient wet bulb temperature, the chiller load ratio at the hour, and a dimensionless relative efficiency of chiller and cooling tower. The regression function has an R² close to 1 compared to the computed results. When applied to two cities in Taiwan, the OAT control strategy has a potential to save energy more than 4% on an annual basis. The OAT control strategy is most advantageous when applied to regions with large seasonal variation of wet bulb temperature.     

多羧酸基水溶性硫化染料染色和防皱整理双功能性研究

对合成的含多羧基水溶性硫化黑的染色和防皱整理双功能性进行了研究。考察了在以双氰胺、磷酸二氢铵及三乙醇胺等作为染色助剂情况下对合成染料染色效果的影响。该多羧酸基水溶性硫化染料在磷酸二氢铵及三乙醇胺等助剂存在及合适的焙烘温度下固色率能达到98．1％,同时被染棉织物显示出3级的良好湿摩擦牢度与优良的抗皱性能。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emissions from an industrial park clustered with metallurgical industries

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from an industrial park operated as Taiwan's center of metallurgical industries were investigated. The characteristics of mean PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations, congener profiles and emission factors of each source were studied over samples of stack flue gases of individual sources. Different characteristics of congener profiles and large variations of emission factors of secondary aluminum smelters (ALSs) were observed. The mean emission factors of electric arc furnaces were comparable to those for ALSs and much greater than those of municipal solid waste incinerators and sinter plants, but still less than that of clinical waste incinerators. Annual PCDD/F emission contribution of each source was estimated, raising critical concerns over the overall PCDD/F emissions from metallurgical processes. The metallurgical industries altogether contributed approximately 98.1% of the total annual emissions, while waste incinerators only 1.9%. The contributions by sinter plants and metallurgical industries to the total annual emissions of the Park were much higher than the corresponding national averages of Taiwan. The combined dioxin emissions from the entire metallurgical processes and their controls should be seriously envisaged by industrial parks devoted to metal productions.     

某石油产业园水源热泵及生活热水系统设计

以某石油产业园的空调及生活热水系统设计为研究对象,对其采用水源热泵的技术可行性和经济性进行分析,以期为相似工程的设计提供借鉴。     

A circular economy and industrial ecology toolbox for developing an eco-industrial park: perspectives from French policy

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The twentieth century was characterized by an increase in research studies concerning the interactions between economic system growth and environmental...     

A case study on failure of superheater tubes in an industrial power plant

A failure analysis investigation was carried out on the secondary Superheater tubes of a boiler unit in a steam power plant. The tubes, made of DIN-16CrMo4 steel, failed by bulging and rupture only after about three years of operation. Metallurgical investigations revealed that microstructural degradation had mainly occurred at the external (fireside) tube surface. Long-term overheating was identified as the root cause of the premature failure.     

Designing an optimal water quality monitoring network for river systems using constrained discrete optimization via simulation

The problem of designing a water quality monitoring network for river systems is to find the optimal location of a finite number of monitoring devices that minimizes the expected detection time of a contaminant spill event while guaranteeing good detection reliability. When uncertainties in spill and rain events are considered, both the expected detection time and detection reliability need to be estimated by stochastic simulation. This problem is formulated as a stochastic discrete optimization via simulation (OvS) problem on the expected detection time with a stochastic constraint on detection reliability; and it is solved with an OvS algorithm combined with a recently proposed method called penalty function with memory (PFM). The performance of the algorithm is tested on the Altamaha River and compared with that of a genetic algorithm due to Telci, Nam, Guan and Aral (2009) Telci, I. T., K. Nam, J. Guan, and M.M. Aral, 2009. “Optimal Water Quality Monitoring Network Design for River Systems.” Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (3–4): 2987–2998. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.04.011[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar].     

工业控制网络及工业自动化功能安全标准研究

2006年2月26日,由科技部、国家质检总局、国家标准委等相关部门共同组织实施的“十五“”重要技术标准研究”重大科技专项顺利通过验收。国家标准委高新技术部对此次专项中涉及高新技术领域的课题进行了验收。这些专项课题的研究,大力引导自主创新,积极探索标准研制机制的创新以及运用技术标准维护国家利益的途径,确立了我国在相关产业技术领域发展的主动权,推动了我国产业结构的优化调整,带动了企业自主创新能力的提高。现我们对由国家标准委高新技术部验收的专项中的6个专项课题,在杂志上进行专题介绍,以飨读者。     

Destruction of an industrial wastewater by supercritical water oxidation in a transpiring wall reactor

The supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a technology that takes advantage of the special properties of water in the surroundings of critical point of water to completely oxidize wastes in residence times lower than 1 min. The problems caused by the harsh operational conditions of the SCWO process are being solved by new reactor designs, such as the transpiring wall reactor (TWR). In this work, the operational parameters of a TWR have been studied for the treatment of an industrial wastewater. As a result, the process has been optimized for a feed flow of 16 kg/h with feed inlet temperatures higher than 300 degrees C and transpiring flow relation (R) between 0.2 and 0.6 working with an 8% (w/w) isopropanol (IPA) as a fuel. The experimental data and a mathematical model have been applied for the destruction of an industrial waste containing acetic acid and crotonaldehyde as main compounds. As the model predicted, removal efficiencies higher than 99.9% were obtained, resulting in effluents with 2 ppm total organic carbon (TOC) at feed flow of 16 kg/h, 320 degrees C of feed temperature and R = 0.32. An effluent TOC of 35 ppm under conditions feed flow of 18 kg/h, feed inlet temperatures of 290 degrees C, reaction temperatures of 570 degrees C and R = 0.6.     

改性硅微乳的生产技术及在纺织印染中的应用

通过乳液聚合和本体聚合制备改性硅微乳 ,阐述其工艺流程和操作步骤 ,并讨论了影响乳液聚合和本体聚合的各种因素及适宜的合成条件。提出染整应用中遇到的一些问题     

The evolution of cluster network structure and firm growth: a study of industrial software clusters

Since the cluster began to receive attention as a critical environmental factor in geographical economics, it has provided a major research methodology across multiple disciplines from industrial organization, strategic management, regional innovation system, and Triple Helix to virtual clusters. Network structure analysis (NSA) offers a common framework to observe clusters that have been studied separately from the viewpoint of industrial organization and strategic management. Industrial structure analysis, is based on the externality of a network and the resource-based view, focused on the inherent network capacity, have been combined with the study of structural changes through cluster NSA, to create a new direction for the growth of industry and individual firms. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the networking of structural change and a firm’s performance by selecting a software industrial cluster as a representative case for the knowledge industry. We examine the network structural positions of each node during the cluster evolution process. This empirical study has significance for establishing a firm’s growth strategy as well as supporting the policy about clusters, through outlining the dynamic evolution process of the networking activities in a knowledge industry cluster.     

A socio-technical analysis of work with ideas in NPD: an industrial case study

The work with ideas is perceived by both academics and industry to be an important element in new product development and has thus been the subject of investigation in many different research fields. In this paper, we investigate a specific case showing how a successful product was developed based on piecing together a number of ideas that were developed and disseminated in a large industrial company. We do this through an in-depth case study of the development of the energy-labeled circulation pump Alpha Pro, developed by one of the world’s leading pump manufacturers, Grundfos. Using a socio-technical approach, we focus especially on the actors involved and the contextual factors, and less on the detailed development of technical ideas. In our study, we observe that (1) ideas are pieced together from previous ideas and results; (2) ideas are implemented through continuous mobilization of support and development of legitimate arguments; and (3) idea work is also a socio-technical process, because contextual factors matter. We observe that idea work is an ongoing process undertaken across different projects, actors, departments, strategies, and visions within Grundfos, while also involving external actors outside Grundfos. Based on our socio-technical approach and observations, we begin to develop a broader understanding of idea work in new product development and sketch an analytical framework that can be used to make socio-technical analyses of product development projects in future research.     

A first-principles study on water flow through single-walled carbon nanotubes using artificial neural network method

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are done to elucidate the electronic structure and properties of water/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) systems. The artificial neural network (ANN) approach and statistical methods are then used to model and analyze these properties. The ANN method substantially speeds up the ab initio electronic structure calculations and has superior accuracy in mimicking the results of such calculations. We aim to understand the effects of CNT chirality, temperature, and CNT flexibility on the water diffusion inside SWCNTs. In this regard, the CNT is fixed implies that the position of CNT is kept constant during the diffusion process. Statistical analysis of results shows that there is a nonmonotonic variation of diffusion length of water with respect to the CNT chirality. However, an increase in temperature and rigid CNTs accelerate the water diffusion.     

纳米材料在印染废水处理中的应用进展

印染废水是一类水质水量变化大、成分复杂、色度高、生物毒性大、含多种抑制物质的难降解高浓度有机废水。印染废水的处理一直是污水治理领域的一个难题，是目前国内外水处理的难点和热点。介绍了纳米材料在印染废水处理中的应用进展情况，并对其应用前景作了展望．     

分形理论在城市供水管网规划中的应用研究

城市供水管网的发展符合分形自生长的特性,可以利用分形理论使管网分区与供水管网规划得到有机结合.分析城市未来建筑与市政规划,在此基础上确定城市用水户节点位置及节点流量.运用K-means算法对用水户进行聚类后,采用层次分析法确定各聚类区域最重要供水点,保证其优先供水.分区及供水点层次确定后运用Prim算法得到各个分区的供水管网分形自生长结构,最终形成城市供水管网规划方案.供水管网建成后可以直接进行区块化管理.基于分形的城市供水管网规划已在北方某城市得到应用,建成后管网运行与管理效果良好.     

Real-time measurement and control of an industrial system over a standard network: implementation of a prototype for educational purposes

This paper deals with a real-time distributed architecture based on the reservation protocol (RSVP). After some discussion of the RSVP, the prototype for real-time measurement and control of an industrial system over a standard computer network for educational purposes is described. The performance of the RSVP-based system is then analyzed and compared with an ordinary RSVP-less system.     

A study on the effect of polishing fluid volume in ball end magnetorheological finishing process

Ball end magnetorheological finishing is a unique process that utilizes a magnetically controlled ball of polishing fluid at the tip of the rotating tool to finish workpiece of different materials and shapes. The aim of this research is to study the effect of polishing fluid volume on finishing spot size and the surface finish associated with it. A magnetostatic simulation is done to find the variation of flux density in the working gap and on the workpiece surface. The maximum limit of the polishing fluid volume is selected on the basis of area of threshold magnetic flux density (minimum value required for finishing) region on the workpiece surface. The surface characteristics and the diameter of the finished spot are analyzed by varying the fluid volume. The surface obtained with high fluid volume is poorly finished and has scratch marks as the excess fluid flows out from the working gap and forms a thick ring at the periphery of the tool tip. Contrary to this, if the fluid volume is too less, then it merely rotates over the workpiece surface without causing any finishing action. An optimum range of fluid volume produces a good quality surface finish with constant finished spot size.     

A confirmatory study of Rasch-based optimal categorization of a rating scale

The purpose of this study was to determine if the characteristics of the optimal categorization identified by the Rasch analysis in a previous study can be maintained when the revised scale is applied to the same population. Based on the results of the previous Rasch analysis, a 23-item exercise barrier scale was modified from its original five-category structure ("Very often" = 1, "Often" = 2, "Sometimes" = 3, "Rarely" = 4, and "Never" = 5) to a three-category structure ("Very Often" = 1, "Sometimes" = 2, and "Never" = 3). The modified scale was then mailed to the original sample (N = 381), of which 206 returned the survey; a return rate 57.5%. The data was again analyzed using the Rasch Rating Scale model. Overall, the Rasch model fit data well and similar change patterns were observed in two category statistics provided by the Rasch analysis. The order of item severity was also well kept and the correlation of item severities generated from two studies was very high, with r = .98. In addition, similar results were also found in respondents' ability estimations, and the correlation between the two studies was moderately high, with r = .68. These results verified that the characteristics of the optimal categorization identified by the Rasch post-hoc analysis can be maintained after the original scale was modified based on such an analysis.     

Determination of an optimal common due date and optimal sequence in a single machine job shop

In this paper we consider an n jobs one machine sequencing problem in which all jobs have a common due date and a deviation in its completion time occurs when a job is completed before or after the common due date. The objective is to find an optimal value of this common due date and a corresponding optimal sequence such that the mean absolute deviation of the completion times of the jobs in the optimal sequence from the corresponding optimal common due date is at its global minimum. Starting with an arbitrary sequence we relate the problem to a generalized linear goal program from which some basic results are proved using elementary properties of linear equations and a linear goal programming problem. Using these results and the idea of sensitivity analysis in linear programming, an algorithm is developed that determines the optimal due date and the corresponding optimal sequence yielding the global minimum value of the mean absolute deviation of the completion times of the jobs in the optimal sequence from the corresponding optimal common due date. In the end a numerical example to explain the algorithm is provided.     

基于工业改造项目的水蓄冷空调系统应用研究及经济性分析

基于项目所在地峰谷电价差异,将工业改造项目保留设施作为水蓄冷空调系统蓄水装置,构建一套应用于工业改造项目的水蓄冷空调系统。通过系统模型的建立,结合非削峰释冷策略和全削峰释冷策略2种典型的水蓄冷空调系统控制策略,对水蓄冷空调系统整个制冷季的逐时运行性能及运行费用进行分析。研究结果显示,采用非削峰释冷策略,相比传统电制冷系统,水蓄冷空调系统每年制冷季运行费用节省28.5万元,全生命周期运行费用节省594万元。