Multiclass support vector machines for EEG-signals classification.

In this paper, we proposed the multiclass support vector machine (SVM) with the error-correcting output codes for the multiclass electroencephalogram (EEG) signals classification problem. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) and multilayer perceptron neural network were also tested and benchmarked for their performance on the classification of the EEG signals. Decision making was performed in two stages: feature extraction by computing the wavelet coefficients and the Lyapunov exponents and classification using the classifiers trained on the extracted features. The purpose was to determine an optimum classification scheme for this problem and also to infer clues about the extracted features. Our research demonstrated that the wavelet coefficients and the Lyapunov exponents are the features which well represent the EEG signals and the multiclass SVM and PNN trained on these features achieved high classification accuracies.     

混合卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类方法

为了解决高光谱图像领域中,传统卷积神经网络因部分特征信息损失而影响最终地物分类精度的问题,采用一种基于2维和3维的混合卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类方法,从空间增强、光谱-空间两方面分别进行了特征提取.首先从空间增强角度提出一种3维-2维卷积神经网络混合结构,得到增强后的空间信息;其次从光谱-空间角度利用3维卷积网络结构...     

声信号的可视化特征提取方法

提出一种新的研究思路,先对声信号进行可视化,然后提取其图像特征,用于分类识别。针对语音信号0-9及三类交通噪声信号,分别得到声谱图,然后用脉冲耦合神经网络进行图像处理,提取平均熵和一致度作为图像特征,最后用BP神经网络进行分类识别。结果表明这种方法具有较高的识别率。     

多尺度特征融合与特征通道关系校准的SAR图像船舶检测

目前深度学习技术在SAR图像的船舶检测中已取得显著的成果,但针对SAR船舶图像中复杂多变的背景环境,如何准确高效地提取目标特征,提升检测精度与检测速度仍存在着巨大的挑战。针对上述问题,该文提出了一种多尺度特征融合与特征通道关系校准的 SAR 图像船舶检测算法。在Faster R-CNN的基础上,首先通过引入通道注意力机制对特征提取网络进行特征间通道关系校准,提高网络对复杂场景下船舶目标特征提取的表达能力;其次,不同于原始的基于单一尺度特征生成候选区域的方法,该文基于神经架构搜索算法引入改进的特征金字塔结构,高效地将多尺度特征进行充分融合,改善了船舶目标中对小目标、近岸密集目标的漏检问题。最后,在SSDD数据集上进行对比验证。实验结果表明,相较原始的Faster R-CNN,检测精度从85.4%提高到89.4%,检测速率也从2.8 FPS提高到10.7 FPS。该方法能够有效实现高速与高精度的SAR图像船舶检测,具有一定的现实意义。      

Frequency Subband Processing and Feature Analysis of Forward-Looking Ground-Penetrating Radar Signals for Land-Mine Detection

There has been significant amount of study on the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for land-mine detection. This paper presents our analysis of GPR data collected at a U.S. Army test site using a new approach based on frequency subband processing. In this approach, from the radar data that have over 2.5 GHz of bandwidth, we compute separate radar images using the one wide (2 GHz) and four narrow (0.6 GHz) frequency subbands. The results indicate that signals for different frequency subbands are significantly different and give very different performance in land-mine detection. In addition, we also examine a number of features extracted from the GPR data, including magnitude and local-contrast features, ratio between copolarization and cross-polarization signals, and features obtained using polarimetric decomposition. Feature selection procedures are employed to find subsets of features that improve detection performance when combined. Results of land-mine detection, including performance on blind test lanes, are presented     

Monocular precrash vehicle detection: features and classifiers.

Robust and reliable vehicle detection from images acquired by a moving vehicle (i.e., on-road vehicle detection) is an important problem with applications to driver assistance systems and autonomous, self-guided vehicles. The focus of this work is on the issues of feature extraction and classification for rear-view vehicle detection. Specifically, by treating the problem of vehicle detection as a two-class classification problem, we have investigated several different feature extraction methods such as principal component analysis, wavelets, and Gabor filters. To evaluate the extracted features, we have experimented with two popular classifiers, neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs). Based on our evaluation results, we have developed an on-board real-time monocular vehicle detection system that is capable of acquiring grey-scale images, using Ford's proprietary low-light camera, achieving an average detection rate of 10 Hz. Our vehicle detection algorithm consists of two main steps: a multiscale driven hypothesis generation step and an appearance-based hypothesis verification step. During the hypothesis generation step, image locations where vehicles might be present are extracted. This step uses multiscale techniques not only to speed up detection, but also to improve system robustness. The appearance-based hypothesis verification step verifies the hypotheses using Gabor features and SVMs. The system has been tested in Ford's concept vehicle under different traffic conditions (e.g., structured highway, complex urban streets, and varying weather conditions), illustrating good performance.     

A new approach for small-signal modelling of the field effect transistor based on cepstral coefficients and discrete transforms

In this article, a new technique for field effect transistor (FET) small-signal modelling using neural networks is proposed. This technique is based on the combination of the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) with different discrete transforms such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the discrete sine transform (DST) and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the inputs to the neural networks. The input datasets to traditional neural systems for FET small-signal modelling are the scattering parameters and the corresponding frequencies in a certain band, and the output datasets are the circuit elements. In the proposed approach, these datasets are considered to form random signals. The MFCCs of the random signals are used to generate a small number of features characterising the signals. In addition, other vectors are calculated from the DCT, DST or DWT of the random signals and appended to the MFCC vectors calculated from the signals. The new feature vectors are used to train the neural networks. The objective of using these new vectors is to characterise the random input sequences with more features, to encourage robustness against measurement errors. There are two benefits to these approaches: (1) a reduction in the number of neural network inputs, and hence a faster convergence of the neural training algorithm and (2) robustness against measurement errors in the testing phase. Experimental results show that the techniques based on the discrete transforms are less sensitive to measurement errors than using the traditional and MFCC methods.     

基于1（1/2）维谱与K-L变换的被动声纳目标识别

采用基于1（1/2）维谱分析与K-L变换相结合的特征提取方法,获取被动声纳噪声信号的有效识别信息,对被动声纳的目标信号进行分类。首先对被动声纳噪声进行1（1/2）维谱子带能量的特征提取,然后运用K-L变换实现高维特征向量的降维,剔除冗余特征,并以BP神经网络作为分类器对三类目标进行识别与分类。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法具有较好的分类效果和稳健性。     

Isolated word language identification system with hybrid features from a deep belief network

The representation of good audio features is the first and foremost requirement for improving the identification performance of any system. Most of the representation learning approaches are based on connectionist systems to learn and extract latent features from the speech data. This research work presents a hybrid feature extraction approach to integrate Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features with Shifted Delta Cepstral (SDC) coefficients features, which are further stacked to Deep Belief Network (DBN), for yielding new feature representations of the speech signals. DBN is utilized for unsupervised feature learning on the extracted MFCC-SDC acoustic features. A 3-layer Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifier is initialized in terms of the learning outcomes of hidden layers of DBN for identifying language from the uttered speech. The efficiency of the proposed approach is evaluated by simulating several experimental algorithms on the user-defined database of isolated words in four languages, namely, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, and English, in the working platform of MATLAB. The obtained results for the proposed hybrid approach MFCC-SDC-DBN are promising. The proposed approach is also compared with the baseline feature extraction approach MFCC-SDC by utilizing traditional acoustic features and BPNN classifier. The accuracy obtained with our proposed approach is 98.1% whereas that of the baseline approach is 82%, thereby providing an overall improvement of 16.1%.     

基于LSTM网络和特征融合的通信干扰识别

针对现有通信干扰信号识别方法识别效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于长短时记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)和特征融合的通信干扰识别方法.该方法利用LSTM网络提取干扰信号的特征,通过LSTM强大的序列特征提取能力提升干扰信号特征提取的性能;通过提取信号的时域和频域特征后进行特征融合,使用全连...     

Automatic target recognition using a feature-decomposition anddata-decomposition modular neural network

A modular neural network classifier has been applied to the problem of automatic target recognition using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. The classifier consists of several independently trained neural networks. Each neural network makes a decision based on local features extracted from a specific portion of a target image. The classification decisions of the individual networks are combined to determine the final classification. Experiments show that decomposition of the input features results in performance superior to a fully connected network in terms of both network complexity and probability of classification. Performance of the classifier is further improved by the use of multiresolution features and by the introduction of a higher level neural network on the top of the individual networks, a method known as stacked generalization. In addition to feature decomposition, we implemented a data-decomposition classifier network and demonstrated improved performance. Experimental results are reported on a large set of real FLIR images.     

基于卷积神经网络结合NSCT的红外与可见光图像融合

传统红外与可见光融合图像在复杂环境下存在细节缺失,特征单一导致目标模糊等问题,本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络结合非下采样轮廓波变换（non-subsampled contourlet transform,NSCT）的红外与可见光图像进行融合的方法。首先,通过卷积神经网络提取红外与可见光目标特征信息,同时利用NSCT对源图像进行多尺度分解,得到源图像的高频系数与低频系数;其次,结合目标特征图利用自适应模糊逻辑与局部方差对比度分别对源图像高频子带与低频子带进行融合;最后,通过逆NSCT变换得到融合图像并与其他5种传统算法进行对比;实验结果表明,本文方法在多个客观评价指标上均有所提高。     

雷达海上目标双通道卷积神经网络特征融合智能检测方法

受复杂海洋环境影响,基于统计理论的海面目标检测方法由于假设条件不成立,在实际应用中难以实现高性能检测,本文从特征提取分类角度,通过深度学习分类方法对目标和杂波的雷达回波信号进行二元分类,提出了一种基于双通道卷积神经网络(DCCNN)的雷达海上目标智能检测方法。首先,对实测海杂波和目标雷达信号进行预处理,得到信号的时间-多普勒谱和幅度信息;然后,构建DCCNN对预处理得到的数据进行智能特征提取,得到信号的特征向量,并对不同特征提取模型性能进行测试;最后,通过阈值可设的Softmax分类器作为检测器对特征向量进行分类,实现虚警率的控制。测试结果表明:与传统的单通道CNN以及无虚警控制Hog-SVM分类算法相比,基于二维卷积核VGG16和一维卷积核LeNet的DCCNN特征提取模型和softmax分类器可实现更高的检测性能,并可以实现虚警率控制,为复杂海杂波背景下目标智能检测提供了新的技术途径。     

基于DBF的汉语方言自动辨识

在汉语方言辨识中,传统的声学特征是语音信号的谱特征的参数化表示,常常包含说话人、信道、背景噪声等冗余信息,针对上述问题将深度神经网络(Deep Neural Network,DNN)引入特征提取之中,提出了与音素层面相关的深度瓶颈特征(Deep Bottleneck Feature,DBF),尝试从特征层面抑制方言冗余信息的影响.最后在实验部分对瓶颈层的位置,节点数目进行了讨论,结果显示,深度瓶颈特征相对于传统声学特征能够取得更高的识别率.     

利用图像区域自然尺度特征的海面舰船目标检测

为了提高动态海面背景中目标的检测性能,提出了一种新的基于图像区域自然尺度特征的海面舰船目标检测算法.算法将一维信号的自然尺度特征提取方法拓展到二维图像信号,通过相空间重构和分类,提取了图像灰度时间序列的自然尺度特征.利用BP神经网络,得到背景与目标自然尺度特征的辨识模型,然后对图像序列的自然尺度进行分类,检测得到舰船目...     

Feature extraction of chromosomes from 3-D confocal microscope images

An investigation of local energy surface detection integrated with neural network techniques for image segmentation is presented, as applied in the feature extraction of chromosomes from image datasets obtained using an experimental confocal microscope. Use of the confocal microscope enables biologists to observe dividing cells (living or preserved) within a three-dimensional (3-D) volume, that can be visualised from multiple aspects, allowing for increased structural insight. The Nomarski differential interference contrast mode used for imaging translucent specimens, such as chromosomes, produces images not suitable for volume rendering. Segmentation of the chromosomes from this data is, thus, necessary. A neural network based on competitive learning, known as Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (SOFM) was used to perform segmentation, using a collection of statistics or features defining the image. Our past investigation showed that standard features such as the localized mean and variance of pixel intensities provided reasonable extraction of objects such as mitotic chromosomes, but surface detail was only moderately resolved. In this current work, a biologically inspired feature known as local energy is investigated as an alternative image statistic based on phase congruency in the image. This, along with different combinations of other image statistics, is applied in a SOFM, producing 3-D images exhibiting vast improvement in the level of detail and clearly isolating the chromosomes from the background. Index Terms-DIC, differential interference contrast, feature extraction, feature space, image segmentation, local energy, Morlet wavelet, phase congruency, self organizing feature map, SOFM.     

一种在MR图像中进行脑胶质瘤检测和病灶分割的方法

针对磁共振图像(MRI)进行脑胶质瘤检测及病灶分割对临床治疗方案的选择和手术实施过程的引导都有着重要的价值。为了提高脑胶质瘤的检测效率和分割准确率,该文提出了一种两阶段计算方法。首先,设计了一个轻量级的卷积神经网络,并通过该网络完成MR图像中肿瘤的快速检测及大致定位;接着,通过集成学习过程对肿瘤周围水肿、肿瘤非增强区、肿瘤增强区和正常脑组织等4种不同区域进行分类与彼此边界的精细分割。为提高分割的准确率,在MR图像中提取了416维影像组学特征并与128维通过卷积神经网络提取的高阶特征进行组合和特征约简,将特征约简后产生的298维特征向量用于分类学习。为对算法的性能进行验证,在BraTS2017数据集上进行了实验,实验结果显示该文提出的方法能够快速检测并定位肿瘤,同时相比其它方法,整体分割精度也有明显提升。     

基于?2 -范式的特征抽取框架研究

针对由时频分析引起的失真而导致的特征自动抽取质量低的问题,文中将一个自动抽取微多普勒特征过程转化为 一个?2 -范式凸优化问题, 并通过搭建迭代的卷积神经网络框架近似求解。文中仿真运用四种运动捕捉数据库的测量数据,通过仿真模型模拟了雷达视线方向5 m 处的目标的雷达回波。仿真与实验样本所提取的特征用支持向量机分类。仿真和实验的分类性能表明,该框架抽取的特征的分类性能明显优于时频图像主成分分析所自动抽取特征的分类性能。     

一种在MR图像中进行脑胶质瘤检测和病灶分割的方法

针对磁共振图像(MRI)进行脑胶质瘤检测及病灶分割对临床治疗方案的选择和手术实施过程的引导都有着重要的价值。为了提高脑胶质瘤的检测效率和分割准确率,该文提出了一种两阶段计算方法。首先,设计了一个轻量级的卷积神经网络,并通过该网络完成MR图像中肿瘤的快速检测及大致定位;接着,通过集成学习过程对肿瘤周围水肿、肿瘤非增强区、肿瘤增强区和正常脑组织等4种不同区域进行分类与彼此边界的精细分割。为提高分割的准确率,在MR图像中提取了416维影像组学特征并与128维通过卷积神经网络提取的高阶特征进行组合和特征约简,将特征约简后产生的298维特征向量用于分类学习。为对算法的性能进行验证,在BraTS2017数据集上进行了实验,实验结果显示该文提出的方法能够快速检测并定位肿瘤,同时相比其它方法,整体分割精度也有明显提升。     

Improved remote sensing image target detection based on YOLOv7

Remote sensing images are taken at high altitude from above, with complex spatial scenes of images and a large number of target types. The detection of image targets on large scale remote sensing images suffers from the problem of small target size and target density. This paper proposes an improved model for remote sensing image detection based on you only look once version 7(YOLOv7). First, the small-scale detection layer is added to reacquire tracking frames to improve the network’s recogniti...