高分辨率阵列侧向测井响应数值模拟

阵列侧向测井能够提供RL,A0～RL,A5等6条不同探测深度的电阻率曲线.可以直观反映地层不同径向深度电阻率的变化.利用有限元方法,在简化的二维非均匀介质模型下对阵列侧向测井响应进行了数值模拟,研究了不同层厚、侵入带、井眼条件下阵列侧向测井响应,与双侧向测井响应进行了对比.研究表明.阵列侧向测井所测得的RL,A5～RL,A1等5条电阻率曲线为同时反演侵入深度、侵入带电阻率和原状地层电阻率提供了丰富的信息;其多条不同探测深度的电阻率曲线探测深度依次增加.受围岩影响小,能够详细描述侵入削面,真实地反映地层电阻率径向分布;RL,A0探测深度最浅,主要反映井眼泥浆的电阻率情况,为准确了解井眼内及井壁附近的电阻率分布提供了依据.在实际应用中应结合实际现场的各方面因素对阵列侧向测井曲线进行全面的分析.     

高分辨率阵列感应测井在储集层解释评价中的应用

高分辨率阵列感应(HDIL)测井技术克服了常规电阻率测井纵向分辨率低、探测深度较浅和不能解释复杂侵入剖面及划分渗透层能力较差等缺点，采用多频率阵列测量和软件数字聚焦等技术并经过趋肤影响、井眼、井斜影响等环境校正后，得到3种纵向分辨率、6种探测深度的电阻率测井曲线；时运用一维、二维反演技术准确确定地层真电阻率、冲洗带电阻率及侵入深度，从而对侵入剖面进行直观形象的描述。重点介绍高分辨率阵列感应测井在大港油田储层评价中的实际应用效果。     

利用水平井电阻率测井资料判断油水界面和薄夹层

在忽略井眼和侵入带影响的前提下，我们计算了仪器轴平行于层理面时两层和三层地层模型的水平井侧井响应，并绘制出相应的图板。在应用中，把经环境校正后的微电阻率作为仪器穿过地层的电阻率，对深浅侧向视电阻率进行井眼和侵入校正，然后利用两层模型图板可判断水平井是穿过油气层还是水层，并可确定出等效油水界面离井上的距离以及邻层电阻值率值。利用三层模型图板可确定夹层厚度和离井眼的距离。     

随钻双侧向电阻率测井响应数值模拟分析

一种新的随钻电极电流型电阻率测井仪即双侧向电阻率随钻测井仪DLR已进入现场试验阶段.该仪器提供深、浅2种探测深度电阻率曲线,可用于判断随钻过程中的地层侵入情况和钻后地层评价.介绍了该仪器的电极系排列和测量原理,通过数值模拟计算,分析了该仪器的仪器常数及测井响应的井眼影响、分层能力、探测深度及侵入影响等探测特性.数值模拟结果表明,与同类仪器相比较,该仪器具有更好的分层能力、更大的探测深度和较小的井眼影响.     

EILog高分辨率双侧向井眼影响及校正效果分析

高分辨率双侧向测井仪(HRDL)是EILog测井系统中重要的常规测井仪器之一.该仪器在保持常规双侧向测井探测深度的基础上,具有电极系短、纵向分辨率高(0.4 m)、易于现场组合测井等优点.但是,高分辨率双侧向过聚焦工作原理使得井眼影响复杂,在低电阻率地区井眼影响非常严重,深、浅侧向测量值往往高于常规双侧向测井测量值,必须进行有效的井眼校正.电极系特性不同,高分辨率双侧向经过井眼校正后的曲线与常规双侧向接近,局部会有差异.除视电阻率外,井径和泥浆电阻率是井眼校正中的2个关键参数.通过对高分辨率双侧向测井井眼校正图版分析,说明低电阻率区块进行井眼校正的必要性,给出仪器理论地层模型低电阻率测井响应对比.利用最优化方法分段拟合的井眼校正算法已集成到地面采集软件中,并且可以进行全井段实时校正.在大部分低电阻率地区,深、浅侧向测量曲线经过有效的井眼校正,可以明显改善测量曲线的质量.     

高频感应测井非线性反演技术及其应用

高频感应测井能提供不同频率和不同探测深度测井曲线,对其进行反演可得到原状地层电阻率、冲洗带地层电阻率和相对介电常数、侵入半径等参数.研究高频感应测井资料反演算法,可有效发掘高频感应测井资料应用潜力.采用非线性迭代技术实现高频感应测井的反演.预先假定初始模型,反复修正地层模型,使反演曲线不断逼近实测视电阻率曲线;当达到一...     

利用交互式反演方法改善储层含油饱和度评价精度

地球物理参数的反演主要用于尽可能消除泥浆侵入和围岩对仪器测量的影响,但常用的反演方法是在理想模型上纯粹的数学优化方法,不能适应复杂多变的井眼及地层环境。针对常规反演方法的缺陷,提出了测井响应交互式联合反演方法。综合岩性、孔隙度、电阻率以及工程环境等各种资料对反演过程中的迭代优化进行约束,大大提高了反演结果的可靠性。这种方法可应用于仪器测量范围内地层电阻率的计算。通过对几口井资料的实际处理,反演结果合理可靠,改善了对油气层的识别能力和含油饱和度评价精度。     

岩石物性、井眼环境及几何参数对大斜度井多分量感应测井的影响

本文给出了利用数值方法研究岩石物性、井眼环境及几何参数对多分量感应测井影响的研究结果。多分量感应测井共轴共面的测量方式可以实现对储层水平和垂直电阻率的测量。然而，井眼几何结构、环境和物性参数使其测量结果产生大的偏差。对这种现象的认识有助于感应测井的解释，从而可以通过反演进行更为准确可靠的地层评价。 对多分量感应的模拟采用了三维有限差分法。所用地层模型考虑了互层储层、不同的倾角、侵入和电各向异性。在倾斜井和围岩各向异性的条件下，深入探讨了各分量对侵入范围的探测灵敏度。最后，我们利用水平井泥浆侵入软件所给出的地层参数计算了仪器对非均匀侵入的响应。 模拟结果表明，围岩的各向异性使得围岩对仪器储层的影响程度加重，甚至在倾角较低的情况下。储层中点处的测量结果可以反映泥浆滤液的侵入深度。尤其是共面测量对对称和非对称侵入的响应特征不同，从而可以利用多分量感应测井确定非均匀侵入。另外，与电阻率、深度和侵入前缘形状的影响相比，围岩各向异性对侵入的影响程度更大。     

双感应测井资料实用化快速迭代反演技术及其在大庆油田的应用

介绍了最近开发的一种双感应资料实用化快速迭代反演技术及其在大庆油田的应用,包括测井资料综合分层、双感应原始视电阻率提取以及快速正反演计算等内容.综合分层技术主要用于从双感应资料中提取层界面位置及地层电阻率初值,原始视电阻率提取主要用于消除3点反褶积和趋肤效应校正对原始视电导率的改变,实用化快速反演技术则主要用来消除井眼泥浆和围岩等对双感应资料的影响以获得更加准确反映地层侵入状态的地层电阻率.用该技术已处理了大庆油田60多口井的测井资料,取得了满意效果.     

水平井中感应测井资料的解释

本文介绍了一种水平井感应资料解释的新方法,这种新的反演算法不仅能获得分布在井壁附近精确的地层和侵入带电阻率,还能确定到远处地层的距离和及其电阻率。高分辨率感应测井仪（HDIL）使用多频可变的线圈距采集数据,并设计聚焦和反演算法确定直井和斜井的侵入剖面,测量原状地层的电阻率,提供良好的纵向分辨能力。水平井中的测量目标不同,除了分布在井眼附近的电阻率外,还希望能确定远处的盖层和含水层,由于横向上地层参数变化相对较少,纵向分辨能力（或者更精确地称之为沿井眼轨迹的分辨能力）已不再重要,重要的是探测深度,低频长线圈距使HDIL能提供位于仪器上方20ft地层的可靠信息。水平井中感应测井资料解释新的反演算法由三部分组成。（1）用中,浅探测结果确定邻近地层参数,这一阶段,快速二维反演能使计算结果不受远处地层的影响,从而得到入带和原状地层的参数。（2）用邻近地层解释的结果对中,深探测测量值进行井眼和侵入校正;（3）用一7维层状反演取得校正后的中,深探测值来评价远处地层的特性。用一个由井眼,侵入带和远处地层组成的模拟模型来证实这种新方法,结果所有的相关参数,如地层和侵入带电阻率（Rt和R xo),侵入深度（Lxo)和到远处地层的距离等,都取得了较高的精度＊误差小于10％）,本文还给出了一个北海水平井的研究实例,实例且口井的完井成功需要区分具有可动水的低电阻率水淹层和下伏低电阻率致密层,研究方法提供了对致密层和渗透性地层的距离,电阻率的定量评价,距致密层的距离与来自地震资料的信息有关。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.