Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以三嵌段非离子表面活性剂P123为模板,采用水热法制备了Fe3+-SiPO2掺杂纳米TiO2,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段考察了Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的结构与光学特性.实验结果表明:Fe3+、SiO2掺杂进入TiO2的晶格,可获得高纯度锐钛矿相纳米TiO2.Fe3+和SiO2的加入有助于抑制金红石相的形成和晶粒长大,提高了TiO2的热稳定性.Fe3+-SiO2掺杂将TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,提高了纳米TiO2的光催化性能.与纯纳米TiO2相比,Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的性能显著提高.     

Ce掺杂TiO2/SiO2的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和掺杂不同含量Ce的TiO2/SiO2复合纳米粒子.并用FT-IR,UV-Vis对样品结构进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RB)的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化性能.结果表明,TiO2/SiO2催化剂中形成了新的Ti-O-Si键,Ce的掺杂使TiC2/SiO2光谱响应范围向可见光区拓展.与未掺杂的TiO2/SiO2相比较,掺杂的TiO2/SiO2具有更高的催化性能.Ce掺杂的最佳值为x(Ce)∶x(Ti)=0.0090,光催化剂最佳投放量为30mg.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2.以纳米TiO2为光催化剂,研究了在氧气存在条件下对典型内分泌干扰物质双酚A的光催化降解反应.分别讨论了分子氧、不同晶型、不同晶粒尺寸的纳米TiO2以及光照时间对双酚A降解反应的影响.结果表明,以0.2L/min的通氧速度进行光化学反应5h,锐钛矿型TiO2晶粒尺寸在10～20nm时对双酚A的光催化降解效率最好.     

Ce掺杂TiO2光降解催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同Ce掺杂量的纳米TiO_2光催化剂xCe/TiO_2(x=0.3%,0.5%,1%,2%)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征。在紫外光照射下,以罗丹明B(RhB)和亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解物,研究了不同Ce含量样品的光催化性能,结果表明,Ce的引入抑制了锐钛矿晶粒的生长,比表面积由掺杂前的72.3m2·g~(-1)增大到掺杂后的120.2m2·g~(-1),掺杂后TiO_2的光催化活性大大提高,且当Ce掺杂的摩尔分数为0.5%时,对RhB和MB的光降解催化活性最佳,经过180min紫外光光催化,RhB和MB的降解率分别达到93.7%和86.4%。     

Er3+掺杂TiO2空心球的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯、氧化铒、硝酸等为原料, 采用碳球模板法制备了TiO₂: Er³⁺空心球材料, 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法, 对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。并利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计考察了TiO₂: Er³⁺空心球材料在催化染料罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、茜素红、甲基橙的脱色降解过程中的应用性能。系统研究了Er³⁺掺杂浓度、不同离子型染料和染料水溶液的pH等因素对催化降解效率的影响。实验结果表明: 经600℃煅烧3 h制备的TiO₂: Er³⁺为锐钛矿晶型, 空心球结构, 尺寸均匀, 粒径约为120 nm, 比表面积约为60.5 m²/g; Er³⁺掺杂量为0.5mol%的样品对甲基橙染料的催化降解效率最高; 对四种不同离子型染料, 茜素红的催化降解效果显著, 在紫外光照射下, 催化效率较未掺杂Er³⁺的TiO₂提高了约30%。     

煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对TiO2光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四正了酯为先驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和Fe3+掺杂的纳米TiO2(Fe3+/TiO2)光催化剂,并用XRD、UV-Vis等进行了表征,系统研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对催化剂在自然光条件下光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,相同煅烧温度下,Fe3+/TiO2的粒径比纯TiO2的粒径小.制备纯TiO2和Fe3+/TiO2的最佳煅烧时间分别为4h和3h,最佳煅烧温度均为773K.适量掺入Fe3+可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然光条件下的光催化降解活性,Fe3+/TiO2中Fe3+的最佳掺杂量为10.00%,相应的脱色效率为28.37%.     

TiO2光催化降解2,4,6-三硝基间苯二酚机理初探

在多相光催化反应体系中,使用所制备的催化剂TiO2,光催化降解2,4,6-三硝基间苯二酚,初步探讨其降解机理.反应过程中,2,4,6-三硝基间苯二酚开环反应迅速发生,目标污染物被降解为小分子有机物直至矿化;目标污染物上的硝基被·OH攻击、脱落,在光催化反应前期生成N-2,当光催化反应完全时,N-2被硝化,目标污染物中的N元素以N-3、 NH 4形式存在.NH 4的存在意味着降解过程同时存在还原反应.     

Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜电极光电催化降解甲基橙

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了泡沫镍负载TiO2及Ce离子掺杂TiO2薄膜电极,并以其为工作电极,建立了三电极光电催化体系。通过对水溶液中甲基橙的降解实验,考察了催化剂热处理温度、涂敷层数、外加电压、铈掺杂等因素对薄膜催化剂光催化性能的影响,结果表明,泡沫镍是光催化剂的优良载体;经500℃处理所得催化剂主要为锐钛矿相,催化活性最好;外加适当电压,有助于光催化降解;Ce的掺杂有易于TiO2催化活性的改善;外加适当电压有助于甲基橙的光催化降解。研究证明,500℃为铈掺杂TiO2薄膜的最佳热处理温度,外加一定电压、涂敷3层、掺杂n(Ce)/n(Ti)=2%的铈时催化剂的活性最高。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉体及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2粉体,并采用紫外分光光度计、XRD等表征手段对TiO2的粒度、晶型结构进行了表征,分析了煅烧温度、TiO2晶型比例、溶液初始pH值等因素对TiO2结构性能及光催化活性的影响.结果表明:TiO2的锐钛矿晶型与金红石晶型的转相温度为700 ℃左右;采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2时,控制溶液的pH值为4,煅烧温度为600 ℃,所得产物晶型全部为锐钛矿;当无水乙醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为10:1时,产物的粒径为617 nm;且当配制溶液pH值为4,煅烧温度为600℃条件下,煅烧时间为40~60 min时,所制备TiO2的光催化效果较好,降解率较高;当光催化体系的pH值为9、以质量浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液浸泡2 h,TiO2的用量为0.25 g/L时,产物的降解率高达95.3%.     

杂CeO2的TiO2光催化降解甲醛的研究

采用液相合成法制备CeO2改性TiO2光催化粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱等对粉体的晶相组成、光谱吸收性能等进行了表征,结果表明:改性后的TiO2经800℃热处理后仍呈锐钛矿结构;CeO2/TiO2吸收光谱的阈值波长红移至450nm;改性后TiO2表面的化学吸附氧含量增加.光催化降解甲醛的结果表明,粉体在普通日光灯下对甲醛气体的降解率明显优于P25.     

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by anchored TiO2 nanowires

Rutile TiO2 nanowires anchored on silica were fabricated by annealing TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed on silicon or quartz substrate by means of a polystyrene nanosphere monolayer template at 1000 degrees C for 1 h without any catalyst. The diameter and length of the nanowires were 30-80 nm and 1-3 microm, respectively. The growth direction of the nanowires is [112]. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles and anchored nanowires were evaluated. TiO2 nanowires had higher photocatalytic activity for rhodamine B than TiO2 nanoparticles.     

Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by nanostructured TiO2 composite films

Interest in the photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde from contaminated wastewater is growing rapidly. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocrystalline Fe³⁺/F^? co-doped TiO₂–SiO₂ composite film for the degradation of formaldehyde solution under visible light was discussed in this study. The films were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The FE-SEM results revealed that the Fe³⁺/F^? co-doped TiO₂–SiO₂ film was composed of uniform round-like nanoparticles or aggregates with the size range of 5–10 nm. The XRD results indicated that only the anatase phase was observed in the film. Compared with a pure TiO₂ film and a singly modified TiO₂ film, the Fe³⁺/F^? co-doped TiO₂–SiO₂ composite film showed the best photocatalytic properties due to its strong visible light adsorption and diminished electrons-holes recombination.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in TiO2 aqueous suspensions using microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in TiO(2) aqueous suspensions using microwave (MW) powered electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs) was studied. MB of initial concentration 100 mg/l was mainly decomposed in the process of photocatalytic degradation using EDLs (PCD/EDLs) after 15 min of irradiation. The corresponding mineralization efficiency was 45%. The influence of factors as EDLs, solution volume and TiO(2) catalyst dosage on the decomposition of MB in the PCD/EDLs process was also investigated. The optimal decomposition efficiency was observed when EDLs-4 (four 10 mm x 50 mm EDLs), solution volume of 50 ml and TiO(2) catalyst dosage of 1-4 g/l were used in the study. The PCD/EDLs process was promising in treating MB polluted water.     

Photocatalytic degradation of benzene on zeolite-incorporated TiO2 film

Zeolite powder was incorporated into the TiO2 film. Their photoactivities were evaluated for the gas phase degradation of benzene. Seven zeolite samples were used in this study and each enhanced the photocatalytic degradation. Humidity in the gas sample increased the degradation, but suppressed the adsorption of benzene to the TiO2 film. It was noted that the photoactivity was inversely proportional to the silica/alumina ratio of zeolite, whereas adsorption increased with this ratio. It was suggested that the adsorption of water onto zeolite contributes to the enhancement of benzene degradation.     

Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene over TiO2/Sr2CeO4: kinetic model and degradation mechanisms

Photocatalytic oxidation of benzene in air was carried out over TiO2/Sr2CeO4 catalysts. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by SBET, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and XPS. TiO2/Sr2CeO4 absorbs much more visible light than TiO2 in the visible light region. The XPS spectrum shows that the binding energy value of Ti 2p3/2 transfers to a lower value. The main purpose was to investigate the kinetic model and degradation mechanisms. The kinetic data matched well with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model with the limiting rate constant and the adsorption constant in this case were 0.0064 mg l-1 min-1 and 9.2078 l mg-1, respectively. No gas-phase intermediates were detected by direct GC/FID analysis under the conditions despite the high benzene concentration. Ethyl acetate and (3-methyl-oxiran-2-yl)-methanol were two major identified intermediates which were accompanied by butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4-dimethylycyclohe, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4,dione,2,6-bis(1,1-dim). It is plausible that at least one of these less-reactive intermediates caused the deactivation of the photocatalyst. Finally, the photocatalytic oxidation mechanisms were speculated.     

Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous propoxur solution using TiO2 and Hbeta zeolite-supported TiO2

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and zeolites supported TiO2 were investigated using propoxur as a model pollutant. Hbeta, HY and H-ZSM-5 zeolites were examined as supports for TiO2. Hbeta was chosen as the TiO2 support based on the adsorption capacity of propoxur on these zeolites (Hbeta>HY=H-ZSM-5). TiO2/Hbeta photocatalysts with different wt.% were prepared and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and BET surface area. The progress of photocatalytic degradation of aqueous propoxur solution using TiO2 (Degussa P-25) and TiO2 supported on Hbeta zeolite was monitored using TOC analyzer, HPLC and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The degradation of propoxur was systematically studied by varying the experimental parameters in order to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. The initial rate of degradation with TiO2/Hbeta was higher than with bare TiO2. TOC results revealed that TiO2 requires 600min for complete mineralization of propoxur whereas TiO2/Hbeta requires only 480min. TiO2/Hbeta showed enhanced photodegradation due to its high adsorption capacity on which the pollutant molecules are pooled closely and hence degraded effectively.     

非晶态TiO2-Ag薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基片上制备了非晶态的TiO2-Ag薄膜,用XRD、XPS、STS和椭圆偏光测厚仪等对薄膜的晶体结构、表面成分、电子结构和薄膜厚度进行了测试分析.试验和测试结果表明,薄膜呈非晶态,在薄膜表面存在单质Ag,其与Ti的原子浓度比为1.8:1.STS测试得到薄膜的禁带宽度为1.8eV.对10mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液光催化脱色实验表明,随着薄膜厚度的增加,光催化脱色率递增,当厚度达360nm时,薄膜对亚甲基蓝的脱色率在2h达90%以上,当厚度＞360nm时,光催化脱色率不再增加;对2mg/L罗丹明B溶液光催化脱色实验表明,其脱色率对薄膜厚度的增加不敏感,薄膜对罗丹明B的脱色率在3h内达到88.7%.     

共掺杂Cu-Ce/TiO_2光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体制备了不同Cu-Ce掺杂量的纳米TiO2光催化材料。通过模拟环境室内甲醛气体的降解实验,探讨了不同样品在日光灯和纯可见光下的光催化效果,并采用X射线衍射仪和紫外-可见分光光谱仪对其晶相结构与光学特性进行表征分析。结果表明,Cu-Ce掺杂能明显提高二氧化钛在可见光下的光催化活性,当Cu-Ce掺杂浓度为2.5%时,对甲醛气体的光催化降解效果最佳。     

纳米La-TiO2光催化降解甲基橙废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和La掺杂TiO2复合纳米粉体,通过XRD,UV-Vis等测试手段分析了在紫外光照射下,以降解甲基橙为探针反应研究其可见光催化性能。结果显示样品均为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,稀土元素镧掺杂后纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;掺入的La主要以La2O3的形式存在,同时有一部分形成Ti-O-La键;La掺杂可减小TiO2晶粒尺寸及增大催化剂比表面积;与未掺杂的二氧化钛相比较,适当含量的镧掺杂可有效促进TiO2表面光生载流子的分离,从而显著提高其光催化活性。当La/Ti的摩尔比为0.010时,可见光催化性能最好。