血吸虫卵及环丙沙星对小鼠TNBS肠炎的预防作用

 目的 研究腹腔注射血吸虫卵及口服环丙沙星对TNBS肠炎小鼠肠道炎症及Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4）的影响。方法 Balb/c小鼠50只随机分为正常对照组（10只）、TNBS肠炎组（20只）、血吸虫卵组（10只）及环丙沙星组（10只）。血吸虫卵组于造模前第3、14天腹腔注射冰冻灭活血吸虫卵104个，环丙沙星组于制作肠炎模型前予小鼠口服环丙沙星50mg/kg/d共2周。分别评价小鼠一般情况、死亡率、肠壁炎症程度、肠壁TLR4蛋白表达、肠壁tlr4 mRNA表达及血清TNF-α水平。结果 血吸虫卵组小鼠死亡率较TNBS肠炎组明显降低（20％ vs 70%，P<0.05），肠壁炎症明显改善（Ameho criteria评分 1.43 &#61617; 0.52 vs 4.21 &#61617; 0.61，P<0.01），肠壁TLR4表达下调（0.33 &#61617; 0.03 vs 0.76 &#61617; 0.05，P<0.01）；血清TNF-α表达下调，但尚无统计学显著意义（29.62 &#61617; 9.71 vs 40.50 &#61617; 12.48，P>0.05）。环丙沙星组小鼠死亡率较TNBS肠炎组亦明显降低（20％ vs 70%，P<0.05），肠壁炎症改善（Ameho criteria评分 1.54 &#61617; 0.71 vs 4.21 &#61617; 0.61，P<0.05），肠壁TLR4表达下调（0.40 &#61617; 0.03 vs 0.76 &#61617; 0.05，P<0.01），血清TNF-α表达下调，但尚无统计学显著意义（27.85 &#61617;16.17 vs 40.50 &#61617; 12.48，P>0.05）。结论 血吸虫卵及环丙沙星可有效预防TNBS诱导的小鼠肠炎，其作用机制可能与调节Th1/Th2平衡及下调TLR4表达有关。     

广西2015年人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查

目的 了解和分析广西人体重点寄生虫病的流行现状和态势,为制定寄生虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法 2014—2015年,采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取17个县（市、区）为调查县(市),再从这些县(市)抽取22个农村调查点和24个城镇调查点,采集 1 岁以上常住居民 （居住超过 6 个月以上）粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测肠道蠕虫卵并计数,采用透明胶纸肛拭法检测3~6岁农村儿童蛲虫卵,采用直接涂片法检测肠道原虫滋养体或包囊。结果 共调查11 938人,肠道蠕虫总感染率为13.41%（1 601/11 938）。检出钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫和华支睾吸虫等5种肠道蠕虫,钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和华支睾吸虫感染率分别为2.11%（252/11 938）、0.67%（80/11 938）、0.77%（92/11 938）和9.62%（1 148/11 938）;3~6岁儿童蛲虫感染率为8.69%（51/587）;肠道原虫感染率为4.31%（246/5 702）。肠道蠕虫感染率男、女性分别为16.41%（945/5 758）和10.61%（656/6 180）,男性高于女性;40~49岁年龄组人群感染率最高,为20.08%（431/ 2 146）;壮族人群感染率为22.18%（1 094/4 932）,较其他民族高。结论 广西人群肠道蠕虫、原虫感染率较第1、第2次全国寄调有较大幅度下降,华支睾吸虫是现阶段感染最严重的肠道蠕虫,应成为今后预防和治疗寄生虫病的重点。     

玻璃化冷冻人卵母细胞体外受精－胚胎移植9例临床分析

目的：探讨人卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻在体外受精－胚胎移植（ IVF-ET）中的应用效果。方法行IVF-ET 治疗、因取卵日男方因素无法进行受精的患者9例,对其成熟卵子进行玻璃化冷冻保存,解冻后进行卵胞浆内显微授精（ICSI）,记录卵子复苏、受精、卵裂及移植后妊娠情况。结果9例患者共解冻复苏58枚卵子,复苏率68．2％（58／85）;复苏后进行ICSI的成熟卵子中,受精40枚,形成胚胎34枚,受精率69．0％,卵裂率85．0％。7个移植周期共移植胚胎15枚,临床妊娠3例,临床妊娠率42．9％。结论人卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻可以获得一定的临床妊娠率,在IVF-ET中可作为临床治疗的选择之一。     

Parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan, Malaysia

This study investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan. Eighty-four formalin-fixed specimens and 78 PVA-fixed specimens were obtained. 79.8% and 35.9% of the samples were positive for helminth ova and protozoa respectively. The parasites detected (single plus mixed infections) were A. lumbricoides (50/84, 59.5%), T. trichiura (35/84, 41.7%), hookworm (5/84, 6.0%), S stercoralis (1/84, 1.2%), G. intestinalis (18/78, 23.1%), E. histolytica (7/78, 9.0%) and E. coli (7/78, 9.0%). Two hundred thick blood film examinations detected only one case of Plasmodium falciparum infection. A high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the children at Post Brooke was demonstrated in this study; thus there is an urgent need to improve the hygiene, education and living standards of this population.     

血吸虫卵对小鼠三硝基苯磺酸肠炎的预防作用

目的：研究腹腔内注射血吸虫卵对小鼠三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）肠炎的预防作用及对肠道上皮Toll样受体4（TLR4）表达的影响。方法：40只BALB／c小鼠随机分成正常对照组（10只）;TNBS肠炎组（20只）;血吸虫卵组（10只）。评价小鼠病死率,肠黏膜病理表现,血浆肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α含量,免疫组化法、逆转录（RT）-PCR法检测结肠TLR4的表达。结果：血吸虫卵组小鼠病死率低于TNBS肠炎组（20％vs 70％,P〈0．05）,肠道炎症轻于TNBS肠炎组（Ameho标准评分1．4±0．5VS4．2±0．6,P〈0．01）。结肠TLR4表达（TLR4／β-肌动蛋白吸光度比值）：TNBS肠炎组〉血吸虫卵组〉正常对照组（0．762±0．054VS0．325±0．029VS0．237±0．021,均P〈0．01）。结论：腹腔内注射血吸虫卵可预防小鼠TNBS肠炎,可能与其下调结肠TLR4表达有关。     

Prevalence of anaemia and worm infestation in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh

The study was conducted among school going children (6-14 years) of Baiga, Abuihmadia and Bharia tribes of Madhya Pradesh to assess the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal parasitic infestation among themselves. A total of 776 school going children were included in the study of whom blood samples of all and stool samples of 409 were collected. Their haemoglobin was measured and stool samples were examined under microscope for ova and cysts. The results revealed that 30.3% of the children had severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) and 50% children had intestinal parasites. The most common parasites were hookworn (16.3%) and A lumbricoides (18.5%). Though hookworm ova loads indicated mild to moderate infestation in most of the children, the continued presence of worms in marginally nourished children could contribute significantly to blood loss in the intestine with resultant anaemia.     

血清E2测定联合卵泡评分对体外授精-胚胎移植中卵巢过度刺激综合征发生率的影响

目的降低体外授精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)控制下促超排卵(COH)中卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生率.方法将需行IVF-ET的162例病人随机分为A、B两组.A组93例在COH过程中采用血清E2测定联合卵泡评分法进行监测,并根据监测结果调整FSH/HMG用量及应用HCG的时机;B组69例在COH过程中采用传统的血清E2测定联合B超监测卵泡大小,而不进行评分,根据E2及卵泡大小调整FSH/HMG用量及应用HCG时机.结果A组OHSS(重度)的发生率明显低于B组(P＜0.05).结论采用血清E2测定联合卵泡评分法有利于降低IVF-ET中重度OHSS的发生率.     

日本血吸虫卵对TNBS诱导小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜表达NOD2/CARD15的影响

 目的 研究日本血吸虫卵对2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸（2,4,6-trinitrobenzesulfonic acid,2,4,6-TNBS）诱导小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜表达NOD2/CARD15的影响。方法 实验小鼠（n=50）随机分成3组:正常对照组（n=10）、TNBS+生理盐水组（n=20）和TNBS+日本血吸虫卵组（n=20）,后两组用TNBS溶液灌肠（100 mg/kg）建立结肠炎模型,TNBS+日本血吸虫卵组在造模前第14天和第3天分别给予腹腔注射冰冻灭活血吸虫卵10 000个（1 mL冰生理盐水混悬液）,TNBS+生理盐水组同时给予相同体积的冰生理盐水腹腔注射,建模后第7天处死存活小鼠,用荧光定量RT-PCR（Real time PCR）法测定结肠组织的NOD2的mRNA基因表达,Western blot方法测定结肠组织NOD2蛋白表达水平。结果 TNBS+日本血吸虫卵组死亡率明显下降,结肠肉眼及组织病理炎症程度明显减轻;荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,TNBS+生理盐水组较正常组结肠黏膜NOD2 mRNA相对表达量显著增加（P<0.01）,TNBS+日本血吸虫卵组较TNBS+生理盐水组NOD2 mRNA相对表达量显著下降（P<0.05）;Western blot分析显示,TNBS+生理盐水组NOD2的蛋白表达量较正常组增加了近3倍（P<0.01）,TNBS+日本血吸虫卵组较TNSB+生理盐水组下降52.8%（P<0.01）,差异有显著统计学意义。结论 结肠炎时,黏膜NOD2/CARD15表达明显升高,日本血吸虫卵抗原可能通过下调NOD2/CARD15表达改善结肠炎症状态。     

睾丸取精卵浆内显微注射受精治疗无精症的疗效分析

目的：评价采用睾丸取精卵浆内显微注射法治疗无精症的疗效。方法：对2000年7月--2002年7月来我所就诊的35例患者，女方取卵当日，男方取精。手术时，患者取平卧位，术野常规消毒，用1％利多卡因局麻，新鲜人体睾丸组织通过切口活检取材，立即放入装有培养液的培养皿中。取部分睾丸组织在体视显微镜下，用无菌针头划开曲精小管，在显微镜下检查是否存在精子。如果找到精子，将存有睾丸组织的培养皿放入培养箱，直到注射前取出。B超引导下经阴道取卵，常规去卵丘结构处理。在倒置显微镜下进行胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)。注射后15--18小时检查有无原核，48小时观察卵裂，经阴道宫腔内移植质优胚胎1--3个。移植后11天进行妊娠试验检查，7周进行B超检查，了解有无胎心搏动。结果：35例无精症患者全部在睾丸曲精小管中找到精子。女方取卵466个(5--32个)，其中MⅡ期卵367个，显微注射337个，有270个受精卵见到两个原核，受精率为80．11％，35对全部获得受精卵。临床妊娠率为40％。结论：睾丸取精卵浆内显微注射技术是目前治疗无精症最有效的方法。     

体外受精-胚胎移植技术在常规超排卵304个治疗周期中的应用

目的：分析304个常规体外受精与胚胎移植（IVF－ET）超排卵治疗周期资料。方法：使用Buserelin/Metrodin-HP/HCG方案或Decapeptyl/Metrodin-HP/HCG方案超排卵、监测卵泡发育及经阴道超声引导下穿刺取卵、精子优选、体外受精－胚胎移植与黄体期支持等过程。结果：总获卵率86.45%，平均每周期获卵9个，受精率75.8%，卵裂率96.4%。268个胚胎移植周期中83例获临床妊娠，临床妊娠率31.5%，其中5例流产；河南省首例常规试管婴儿于1999年6月23日顺利分娩，至2000年11月已分娩43例58个婴儿，1例早产死亡，另有35例，在妊娠中。结论：作者建立的常规体外受精－胚胎移植技术用于治疗妇性原因的不孕症是可靠、有效的。     

Intestinal Helminths in relationship to Chronic Diarrhoea in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Adults in Enugu

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and intestinal helminthiasis are common conditions in Nigeria. Chronic diarrhoea is a common manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS). Helminths such as Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura may cause chronic diarrhoea especially in immunocompromised individuals. In order to determine whether any relationship exists between HIV infection and intestinal helminthiasis, stool samples from all HIV seropositive adults (with or without diarrhoea) admitted to the medical wards of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from August 1996 to October 1998 were examined microscopically for helminths. Out of 383 HIV-seropositive patients studied, 181 (47.26%) presented with chronic diarrhoea whereas 202 (52.74%) had no diarrhoea. The overall prevalence rate of gut helminths was 17.74%. The prevalence rate in the patients with chronic diarrhoea was 19.34% and that of those without chronic diarrhoea was 16.34%. The difference was not statistically significant. The helminths identified were Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura but there was no statistically significant difference in the two groups of patients. The study showed that there may be no clearcut relationship between gut helminths and HIV infection.     

转基因技术和冷冻胚胎技术的实验数据建立

目的 建立一系列转基因技术和冷冻胚胎技术的实验室数据库。方法 a)显微注射法注射1864个1-细胞期受精卵,注射后存活的1283个胚胎进行胚胎移植,获得20只阳性转基因动物。b)设计不同单位的激素剂量(PMSG HCG)获得每个品系的小鼠平均排卵量和最佳激素剂量。e)采用常规法和玻璃化法进行胚胎冷冻保存,并就囊胚和桑椹胚两个不同时期进行复苏成活率的比较。结果 和讨论a)建立转基因技术和胚胎冷冻保存的实验数据库(随着实验技术的不断提高还将不断的完善)。胚胎显微注射存活率为68．8％;转基因阳性鼠出生率为16．16％;基因整合率为1．56％。b)激素诱发5种品系小鼠的平均超排卵数为：C57BL/6J(日本)15．6;C57BL/6J 19．6;BDF1(日本)21．4;C3H(日本)14．8;KM 30。e)胚胎冷冻保存复苏,出生幼子存活率为30％～31％。     

Studies on renin-2 gene in transgenic rats

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Some risk factors of Ascaris and Trichuris infection in Malaysian aborigine (Orang Asli) children

A study on risk factors of soil-transmitted helminths was conducted in a highly endemic area. In all 205 children (95 boys and 110 girls) participated in this study. The overall prevalences of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infection were 62.5%, 91.7% and 28.8% respectively. Only 22.4% of the children had a single infection either by Ascaris or Trichuris; 69.3% had mixed infection and the most prevalent of mixed infection was a combination of Ascaris and Trichuris. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that low level mother's education was a risk factor for moderate and severe infection of Ascaris and age < or = 6-year-old was a protective factor. In Trichuris infection logistic regression analysis confirmed that usage of well-water and age < or = 6-year-old were the risk factors. Logistic regression analysis on worm scores confirmed that usage of well-water and non-usage of toilets were the risk factors from getting severe worm scores and age < or = 6-year-old was a protective factor. Our finding suggest that socio-behavioural (related to mother's education), demographic (children age) and environmental-factors (usage of well-water and non-usage of toilets) are the elements to be considered in the design of long term soil-transmitted helminths (STH) control in an endemic areas.     

Dogs and intestinal parasites: a public health problem.

The stools of 239 stray dogs were examined for intestinal parasites. Of the helminths found, Toxocara canis (43.5%), tapeworms (25.5%), Ascaris species (21.3%) and hookworms (12.5%) were the commonest. Of the protozoans found, Isospora species and Entamoeba coli were the most prevalent. An unusual feature of the present study was the finding of Ascaris species. The importance of the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs, the close contact of humans with dogs' excreta and the possible role of this environmental pollution in the spread of human disease are discussed.     

Recovery of human ova from the uterine tubes

To study the time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle, an investigation was planned to recover ova from the uterine tubes, to correlate their condition with the menstrual history and stage of development of the early corpora lutea from which these ova had been extruded, and to quantitatively analyze the ovarian hormone level in tissues of the human ovary. The preliminary report records the recovery of 7 ova from the uterine tubes. 1 case involved twin ova where each ovary contained an early corpus luteum. Another involved internal migration of the ovum from the left ovary to the right tube. One ova was recovered on the 12th, 4 on the 15th, and 2 on the 16th day of the menstrual cycle. The last 2 showed signs of degeneration. The corpora lutea of each ova were examined and described. The ova, uterine tubes, corpora lutea, and some endometrium are being prepared for histologic st udy. A series of analyses of hormone content of human ovarian tissues is also being accumulated.     

血吸虫病基本消灭地区应用间接血凝试验和环卵沉淀反应的诊断价值

1984年作者采用间接血凝试验(IHA)和环卵沉淀反应(COP)的综合查病方法,在武汉市郊区基本消灭血吸虫病地区进行诊断价值的考核。对曾经用常规粪检方法检查阴性的2037人群进行两项血清学试验的调查,结果双项阳性反应者35人,阳性率1.72％。两项血清学试验的阳性率与龚检复查阳性率加上治疗后抗体滴度升高的阳性率的对比,其阳性符合率高达90.33％。研究结果提示IHA和COP在基本消灭血吸虫病地区用于诊断病人可提高检出率,是简单易行,特异性和敏感性较高的方法。     

胞内精子注射法制备转基因爪蟾的研究

目的；研究爪蟾胞内精子注射法（intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)转基因技术的可行性。方法：取成熟雄蛙的睾丸分离纯化精子，用毛地黄皂甙（digitonin)崩解精细胞膜并制备精子浓缩液，然后与线性化报告基因载体pCMV-EGFP-N1共处理，最后将处理后的精子注射入从雌性爪蟾体内取出的未受精卵中，培养并观察，结果：制备的精子质量较高，稀释的精子注射入未受精卵后，卵的受精率为10％，受精卵活过神经胚的化率为20％，但都略微有点畸形。其中，绿色荧光报告基因EGFP的整合率为81％，但镜下未见绿色荧光蛋白的表达，结论：ICSI法是制备转基因爪蟾的简便可行的新途径。     

胞内精子注射法制备转基因爪蟾的研究

目的研究爪蟾胞内精子注射法(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)转基因技术的可行性。方法取成熟雄蛙的睾丸分离纯化精子,用毛地黄皂甙(digitonin)崩解精细胞膜并制备精子浓缩液,然后与线性化报告基因载体pCMV-EGFP-N1共处理,最后将处理后的精子注射入从雌性爪蟾体内取出的未受精卵中,培养并观察。结果制备的精子质量较高,稀释的精子注射入未受精卵后,卵的受精率为10%,受精卵活过神经胚的比率为20%,但都略微有点畸形。其中,绿色荧光报告基因EGFP的整合率为81%,但镜下未见绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结论ICSI法是制备转基因爪蟾的简便可行的新途径。