Production and bond strength of similar-titanium ultrasonic welded joints

The joinability of unalloyed titanium and the bond strength of similar titanium welded joints by ultrasonic welding were investigated. It turned out that sound welded joints of similar titanium were obtained by using the jig for fixing both base metals. In the case of non-fixing and fixing the lower base metal, sound welded joints were not usually obtained due to the slip between the two base metals. Producing welded joints having sufficient bond strength required a certain threshold value of the ultrasonic energy. When the ultrasonic welding was carried out under the condition where the ultrasonic energy was higher than a threshold value (approximately 2000 W s), the welded joints were fractured within the titanium base metal but not at the interface. The values of the bond strength were associated with the fixing method and the surface roughness of the base metals. The bond interface was joined metallurgically for the most part, although some small voids were observed on the bond interface by SEM and EPMA observation.     

Ti/Cu异种金属电子束焊接界面行为

为了获得高强度T2铜和Ti-6Al-4V钛合金异种金属接头,采用电子束焊方法开展试验,并对接头界面组织及力学性能进行了分析.试验在钛/铜熔钎焊接基础上,通过在高熔点钛侧复合二次焊接,构建钛/铜结合界面金属间化合物层的重熔温度场,进而实现钛/铜金属间化合物层的重熔改性.通过有限元温度场模拟及SEM,XRD等检测.结果表明,钛侧重熔焊接可在结合界面处形成1 000℃左右高温,金属间化合物层发生局域重熔.在随后凝固过程中,由于散热方向及元素再分配,相的形成顺序发生改变,钛原子向铜侧的扩散距离减短,高硬度相TiCu向Ti2Cu转变,相结构优化,最终接头强度得以提升.     

Al/Ni异种金属超声波点动焊接工艺及界面组织分析

对1060铝合金和N4镍合金异种金属进行了超声波点动焊接,优化了焊接工艺,分析了接头界面组织,焊接接头组织微观形貌和力学性能.结果表明,超声波焊接能够实现1060铝合金和N4镍合金异种金属的有效连接,能够得到韧性和强度都很高的焊接接头;确定了铝镍异种金属超声波焊接的焊接工艺参数为焊接压力25.2~36.0 MPa,焊接时间75~85 ms;当焊接压力为32.4 MPa,焊接时间为85 ms时,抗剪强度超过铝侧母材.焊接接头界面的XRD和EDS分析结果表明,接头界面存在由Al,Ni两种元素互扩散而形成的2 μm厚的反应扩散层.     

The study on interfacial bonding strength of Ag-Ni, Ag-Cu in cold pressure welding

The area of combination actually is a kind of interfacial phenomena that exist on the surface or thin film. The properties of interface have important effect on the whole welded joint, even decide directly the interfacial bonding strength.The bonding strength of metals in cold pressure welding such as Ag-Ni (they are hardly mutual soluble ) and Ag-Cu( they are limited soluble ) are discussed in this paper. The results of the tensile test suggest that two kinds of welded joints have enough strength to satisfy with the demand for being used. Moreover, thermodynamics, crystal logy, physics and metal electronic microscopic analysis etc are adopted to further calculate the bonding strength. The results of test and theoretical analyses prove that Ag-Ni, Ag-Cu, especially, for Ag-Ni can .form strong welded joint which is higher than that of the relative soft base metals in cold pressure welding.     

Structural Transformations Occurring upon Explosive Welding of Alloy Steel and High-Strength Titanium

Features of the structure of a layered material welded by explosion of high-strength titanium alloy and tool roller steel with an intermediate layer of the structural low-carbon steel have been studied. The structural transformations occurring in materials upon their dynamic interaction have been analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the structure of vortex zones formed at the interfaces of billets of various steels, as well as structural steel and titanium-based alloy. The structural analysis methods made it possible to fix stable and metastable joints appearing upon the explosive welding of various metals. To reveal features of structural transformations caused by prolonged heating, billets of titanium alloy and structural steel were also joined by diffusion welding. It has been shown that, in the course of the diffusion welding process, a continuous layer of stable brittle intermetallic compounds is formed along the entire interface of the welded materials. In the explosively welded materials, the intermetallic phases are distributed locally and, thus, they have a weaker embrittlement effect.     

辅助电流对Cu/Al大功率超声波焊接的影响

为获得更高质量的Cu/Al异质金属接头,开展了Cu/Al电流辅助大功率超声波焊接工艺试验,研究了辅助电流对Cu/Al超声波焊接的界面温度、材料塑性流动、界面中间相(IMC)分布及接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合焊件成型良好,其接头抗拉剪力为3030N,接头的断裂模式为韧性-脆性复合断裂。在同样的焊接时间0.2s内,随着电流的增大,Cu/Al界面温度增加,金属塑性流动以及界面扩散也随之增强,这说明辅助电流能明显促进界面冶金;相比长时间0.4 s的超声波焊接,辅助电流能在保证界面温度、材料塑性变形的前提下,能明显减薄界面IMC层的厚度,这是电流增强Cu/Al接头的主要物理机制。研究结果为优化Cu/Al复合焊接头强度提供了参考。     

铝/铜异种金属电阻热辅助超声波缝焊工艺特性

1060纯铝箔作为中间层,通过电阻热辅助超声波缝焊的方式实现1 mm厚度6061铝合金和T2紫铜异种金属焊接,分析了焊接过程中电阻热对铝/铜焊接接头焊缝成形、界面形貌、温度场以及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,采用单独超声波缝焊焊接铝/铜异种金属时,因产生的焊接能量较小,接头连接界面处仅局部区域位置形成连接,接头拉剪强度为45 MPa. 但在电阻热辅助超声波缝焊过程中,电阻热的加入能够有效预热工件,令待焊材料表面发生软化,在高频振动作用下,接头连接界面处形成有效连接. 同时,引入电阻热提高了铝/铜界面处温度,由单独超声波缝焊的140 ℃增加至190 ℃,界面处原子扩散距离增加,获得焊接接头的拉剪强度增加至75 MPa,相对前者接头拉剪强度提高67%.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Similar and Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

Integrating structures made from aluminum alloys in automotive industry requires a large amount of joining. As a consequence, the properties of the joints have a significant influence on the overall performance of the whole structure.Robot cold metal transfer welding is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in this work to join 6082-T4 and5182-O aluminum alloy sheets by using ER5356 and ER4043 filler metals. Microstructure characterization was performed by optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were measured by tensile and hardness tests. A correlation is made between welding variables, mechanical properties and the microstructure of welded joints. Results indicate that robot cold metal transfer welding provides good joint efficiency with high welding speed, good tensile strength, and ductility. Owing to the low heat input of robot cold metal transfer welding process, the heat affected zone microstructure was quite similar to base metals, and weld metal microstructure was the controlling factor of joint efficiency. The best performing were the 5182/5182 joints welded with ER5356 and these had mechanical property coefficients of 100%, 98%, and 85% for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation, respectively.     

Influence of the initial separation between the surfaces on the quality of welded joints of dissimilar metals obtained via high-speed impact with a conductor electroexplosion

The influence of the initial separation between the welded surfaces of dissimilar metals (steel 20 + copper M1) during their welding by virtue of a high-speed impact using a conductor electric explosion on the quality of the joints is shown. It is established that the most qualitative welding joints without discontinuities in the interface area are formed when the separation value amounts to h ₀ = 4.0 mm. In this case, the maximum total wave formation with waves of different lengths is observed. This wave formation increases the contact surface, thus providing for additional mechanical adhesion of the welded metals.     

异种金属扩散焊接接头的超声检测

异种金属扩散焊接接头存在多种类型的缺陷,这些缺陷严重影响焊接结构的完整性和零部件本身的使用性能。利用超声波扫描成像技术获得试样的扫描图样,然后从扩散焊接界面的显微结构和界面超声回波信号等角度,阐述了扩散焊接接头的原材料裂纹、接头裂纹、未焊合缺陷和焊接良好区域的特征。通过有效的无损检测手段,可以准确地评价缺陷的类型、大小和位置。