根系CT序列图像区域生长分割的新方法

在对传统区域生长算法改进的基础上,针对原位根系CT序列图像的特点,提出了一种基于区域生长的植物根系CT序列图像分割算法。通过对208幅JPEG格式的植物根系CT序列图像进行直方图分析,确定植物根系区域的分割阈值范围,结合阈值分割实现改进区域生长法对单层根系图像进行分割得到目标区域。在此基础上,利用植物根系在介质环境中的空间连续性,进一步实现仅在选择单幅图像种子点的情况下一次性完成整套CT序列图像的分割。借助MITK（Medical Imaging Toolkit）工具箱对分割好的原位根系CT序列图像进行三维重建,对三维模型进行不同角度观测来判断分割的正确性。实验结果表明,该算法分割速度快、精度高,能够有效地去除CT图像背景中杂质像素,准确提取出植物根系目标区域。     

基于遗传算法的原位根系CT图像的模糊阈值分割

原位根系CT图像的精确分割是实现植物根系3维重建和定量分析的重要基础。为了对原位根系CT序列图像进行准确、有效的分割,针对原位根系CT序列图像固有的模糊性特征,设计了一种基于遗传算法的模糊多阈值图像分割方法。该方法首先通过直方图分析确定了原位根系3维分割的初始阈值范围;然后通过设计一种模糊隶属度函数, 将图像模糊划分为若干个不同的区域; 最后采用最大模糊熵准则,并借助遗传算法寻找确定了一组序列图像的最佳分割阈值。编程实验结果证实,该算法不仅能更加准确、有效地对植物根系原位CT序列图像进行分割,并可提高图像阈值分割的精度和效率。     

原位根系三维构型测量系统的设计与实现

为定量描述和分析三维根系构型,设计开发了植物根系三维构型测量分析系统,以实现原位根系的三维可视化,以及检测、分析其三维构型参数的功能。系统实现了对原位根系CT序列图像读写、分割、三维重建、三维矢量模型构建等关键算法,并在此基础上完成三维根系构型参数自动检测。通过对原型系统进行初步的测试与分析,初步实现了根系三维构型参数的自动化测量并获得了较好的测量结果。     

一种基于极大特征点的三维椎骨分割方法

椎骨的精确分割对于椎骨形态学研究和脊柱疾病的诊断和治疗有重要意义。通过 对正常人脊柱 CT 图序列的变化规律进行研究,提出了一种基于 CT 图像序列并利用椎骨面积 变化规律进行分割的椎骨分割算法。该方法通过对预先处理后的 CT 图像序列进行椎骨区域面 积统计,找出用于分割的显著极大特征点,并利用连续图像相似性筛选出椎骨实际分割点,最 后从序列中提取图像并进行三维重建。实验表明,该算法对正常人体腰椎和胸椎下部的椎骨 CT 图像序列有良好地分割效果,自动化程度较高。对脊柱形态学研究和矫正手术模拟有重要意义。       

利用ITK和VTK集成实现三维医学图像的分割

ITK是一个对图像进行分割配准处理的开源的、基于对象的软件系统.它提供几乎所有的主流医学图像分割算法,能够解决虚拟手术中三维图像分割问题.讨论了ITK中区域生长和Level set分割算法,对CT序列图像进行分割,最后通过VTK对分割数据进行三维重建.利用ITK和VTK的功能集成,对医学图像三维组织体分割,并实现分割结果的可视化.实验证明这种方法能够满足医生对局部病变区域观测的要求,实时性良好.     

CT图像分割几种算法

图像分割在许多图像分析和图像识别过程中都是必需的步骤。目前,借助图像分割技术来进行医学影像处理正成为当今医学界的一个发展方向。本文正是在这一背景下对医学影像处理中的几种分割算法进行了研究,主要包括FastMarching分割算法、LiveWire分割算法、区域增长分割算法和阈值分割算法;同时,结合脑部CT片进行了实验研究,为这些算法在医学影像处理上的应用提供了一定的科学依据。     

一种改进的交互式CT胸部图像肺实质分割方法

提出一种交互式的肺实质分割算法,该算法充分利用序列CT图像相邻层中肺实质轮廓变化缓慢的特点,结合且改进了Live-Wire模型、Snake模型以及轮廓插值方法.并辅以操作人员的专业知识.首先人工的在序列CT图像中选取肺实质的关键层,然后通过Live-Wire模型交互式的勾勒其轮廓,再进行轮廓插值得到其他层肺实质的初始轮廓,最后通过Snake模型演化得到所有层的肺实质准确分割结果,并加以手工修正.实验结果表明,该算法能快速准确的从序列CT图像中分割出肺实质.     

基于改进自生成神经网络的肺部CT序列图像分割

针对肺实质序列图像分割方法的时效性低和分割不完全性等问题,利用先验知识得到肺部CT序列ROI图像,提出超像素序列分割算法对ROI序列图像进行分割,采用改进的自生成神经网络对超像素进行聚类并优化,根据聚类后样本的灰度和位置特征识别肺实质区域。在序列肺实质图像的分割结果中,单张CT图像的平均处理时间为0.61s,同时能达到92.09±1.52%的平均肺部体素重合度。与已有的方法相比,所提算法能在相对较短的时间内获得较高的分割精准度。     

GrabCut在人体序列切片图像分割中的应用

将GrabCut算法应用于人体序列切片图像分割,解决手动分割操作繁琐、效率低等问题.在简要介绍GrabCut算法基础上,选取可视化韩国人体数据集(VKH)中肾脏部位的序列图像,利用该算法对肾脏进行分割.通过Visual C++环境,在自主开发的三维人体肾脏结构虚拟现实软件(VRKidney)中实现了肾脏分割、修改功能、同一幅图像分割多个对象功能等,与手动分割法、边界提取法的比较,验证了该方法具有操作简单、高效的特点.研究表明GrabCut算法操作简单、分割效率高,可以很好完成人体序列切片图像的分割.     

基于小波神经网络的脑图像分割研究

随着影像学的发展,医学影像设备极大地提高了人类获取自身信息的能力,推动了现代医学的发展.为了更好地获得脑部图像的信息,对脑部图像进行分割研究.首先介绍了脑图像的分割研究背景,然后详细研究了脑图像的分割方法.在分割算法中,给出了脑图像预处理模型,然后通过将小波理论和神经网路相结合提出一种脑部图像分割算法,并将将该算法在脑部图像处理中实现.脑图像分割实验表明算法能够有效地对图像进行分割.实验评估结果显示算法对于脑图像的分割足高效的.     

Heuristic Linking Models in Multiscale Image Segmentation

This paper presents a novel approach to multiscale image segmentation. It addresses the linking of pixels at adjacent levels in scale-space and the labeling of roots representing segments in the original image. In previous multiscale segmentation approaches, linking and root labeling were based on intensity proximity only. The approach proposed here contains multiple heuristic mechanisms that result in a single criterion for linking (affection) and root labeling (adultness). The segmentations are validated by measuring the amount of postprocessing that is needed to reach an objectively defined accuracy of segmentation. The evaluation is performed using three artificial 2D images with different characteristics, and two 2D magnetic resonance brain images. A comparison is made with a pyramid segmentation method. It is found that several of the proposed heuristic link and root mechanisms improve the performance of multiscale segmentation. A very satisfactory segmentation of all images could be obtained by using a fixed set of compromised weight settings of the most effective mechanisms.     

基于约束随机游走的肿瘤图像分割方法

精确的肺部肿瘤区域分割对于放射治疗和手术计划的制定至关重要。针对目前基于单模态图像的肺部肿瘤区域分割的精度较低等问题,综合PET和CT图像的优缺点,提出一种全新的多模态肺部肿瘤图像分割方法。首先,使用区域生长法和数学形态学法对PET图像进行预分割以获取初始轮廓,初始轮廓用于获取PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所需的种子点,同时作为约束加入到CT图像的随机游走过程中;依据CT图像解剖特征较强的特点,利用CT解剖特征改进PET图像上随机游走的权值;最终将 PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所获得的相似度矩阵进行加权,在PET图像和CT图像上获得一个相同的分割轮廓。实验表明,相较于其他传统分割算法,所提方法在肺部肿瘤区域分割上具有更高的精确度和更好的稳定性。     

Survey on liver CT image segmentation methods

The segmentation of liver using computed tomography (CT) data has gained a lot of importance in the medical image processing field. In this paper, we present a survey on liver segmentation methods and techniques using CT images, recent methods presented in the literature to obtain liver segmentation are viewed. Generally, liver segmentation methods are divided into two main classes, semi-automatic and fully automatic methods, under each of these two categories, several methods, approaches, related issues and problems will be defined and explained. The evaluation measurements and scoring for the liver segmentation are shown, followed by the comparative study for liver segmentation methods, pros and cons of methods will be accentuated carefully. In this paper, we concluded that automatic liver segmentation using CT images is still an open problem since various weaknesses and drawbacks of the proposed methods can still be addressed.     

基于卷积神经网络的偏色光下植物图像分割方法

为了解决传统图像分割算法在植物工厂中偏色光植物图像上分割精确度不高、泛化性能差的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络,并结合深度学习技术,对人工偏色光下植物图像进行精确分割的方法。采用该方法,最终在偏色光植物图像原始测试集上达到了91.89%的分割精确度,远超全卷积网络、聚类、阈值、区域生长等分割算法。此外,在不同色光之下的植物图片上进行测试,该方法也较上述其他分割算法有着更好的分割效果和泛化性能。实验结果表明,所提方法能够显著提高偏色光下植物图像分割的精确度,可以应用于实际的植物工厂工程项目当中。     

A review of atlas-based segmentation for magnetic resonance brain images

Normal and abnormal brains can be segmented by registering the target image with an atlas. Here, an atlas is defined as the combination of an intensity image (template) and its segmented image (the atlas labels). After registering the atlas template and the target image, the atlas labels are propagated to the target image. We define this process as atlas-based segmentation. In recent years, researchers have investigated registration algorithms to match atlases to query subjects and also strategies for atlas construction. In this paper we present a review of the automated approaches for atlas-based segmentation of magnetic resonance brain images. We aim to point out the strengths and weaknesses of atlas-based methods and suggest new research directions. We use two different criteria to present the methods. First, we refer to the algorithms according to their atlas-based strategy: label propagation, multi-atlas methods, and probabilistic techniques. Subsequently, we classify the methods according to their medical target: the brain and its internal structures, tissue segmentation in healthy subjects, tissue segmentation in fetus, neonates and elderly subjects, and segmentation of damaged brains. A quantitative comparison of the results reported in the literature is also presented.     

关于图象分割性能评估的评述

概述了图象分割性能评估发的发展,总结了分割性能评估的基本理论框架：确定图象分割性能评估指标,构造评估测试图象集,评估模型与实验分析,以及分割性能评估的常用方法：统计法,基于ＡＩ的方法和混合法。对评估模型的设计作一些尝试性的探讨。     

肝脏肿瘤CT图像深度学习分割方法综述

肝脏肿瘤的精确分割是肝脏疾病诊断、手术计划和术后评估的重要步骤。计算机断层成像（computed tomography,CT）能够为肝脏肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供更为全面的信息,分担了医生繁重的阅片工作,更好地提高诊断的准确性。但是由于肝脏肿瘤的类型多样复杂,使得分割成为计算机辅助诊断的重难点问题。肝脏肿瘤CT图像的深度学习分割方法较传统的分割方法取得了明显的性能提升,并获得快速的发展。通过综述肝脏肿瘤图像分割领域的相关文献,本文介绍了肝脏肿瘤分割的常用数据库,总结了肝脏肿瘤CT图像的深度学习分割方法：全卷积网络（fully convolutional network,FCN）、U-Net网络和生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）方法,重点给出了各类方法的基本思想、网络架构形式、改进方案以及优缺点等,并对这些方法在典型数据集上的性能表现进行了比较。最后,对肝脏肿瘤深度学习分割方法的未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

Gradient convergence filters and a phase congruency approach for in vivo cell nuclei detection

Computational methods used in microscopy cell image analysis have largely augmented the impact of imaging techniques, becoming fundamental for biological research. The understanding of cell regulation processes is very important in biology, and in particular confocal fluorescence imaging plays a relevant role for the in vivo observation of cells. However, most biology researchers still analyze cells by visual inspection alone, which is time consuming and prone to induce subjective bias. This makes automatic cell image analysis essential for large scale, objective studies of cells. While the classic approach for automatic cell analysis is to use image segmentation, for in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy images of plants, such approach is neither trivial nor is it robust to image quality variations. To analyze plant cells in in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy images with robustness and increased performance, we propose the use of local convergence filters (LCF). These filters are based in gradient convergence and as such can handle illumination variations, noise and low contrast. We apply a range of existing convergence filters for cell nuclei analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant root tip. To further increase contrast invariance, we present an augmentation to local convergence approaches based on image phase information. Through the use of convergence index filters we improved the results for cell nuclei detection and shape estimation when compared with baseline approaches. Using phase congruency information we were able to further increase performance by 11% for nuclei detection accuracy and 4% for shape adaptation. Shape regularization was also applied, but with no significant gain, which indicates shape estimation was good for the applied filters.