DNA芯片技术在新兽药开发中的应用现状与展望

DNA芯片是指被包在固相载体上有序排列的高密度DNA微点阵,它具有微型微量化、多样性、大规模、高度并行化和高度自动化这五大特点,从DNA芯片分化而成的cDNA芯片可以用来检测未知化合物的药效和毒理学参数。结合我国新兽药开发的现状和存在的问题,说明了我国应用DNA芯片技术开发新兽药的可行性和必要性,并对应用DNA芯片技术开发新兽药的未来前景作了展望。     

脱臭蒜素提取机理及脱臭蒜素原汁酒的研制

大蒜中的有效成份是大蒜素 ,它具有强烈的刺激性臭味。但鲜蒜中大蒜素是以稳定无臭的大蒜氨酸的形式存在。当大蒜受到冲击 (切片或捣碎 ) ,大蒜酶接触到空气后活化 ,大蒜氨酸转化大蒜素。根据大蒜素的理化性质 ,采用不同的反应条件进行脱臭实验。开发研制出脱臭蒜素原液、脱臭蒜素保健饮料、脱臭蒜素原汁酒等系列产品     

耳蜗毛细胞换能的生物物理特性

耳蜗的声感受是通过将大气压的微小波动转换成沿听神经传导的AP而实现的，HC在这-机-电换能过程中起关键作用。近二十年来，HC换能的生物物理特性研究取得许多重要突破，已在诸多方面从根本上改变了人们对听觉机制的传统认识。本文从HC换能模型、IHC与OHC的功能差异以及耳蜗声分析主动机制等三方面对这一领域进行了讨论与展望。     

Cell cycle and cell signal transduction in marine phytoplankton

tAs unicellular phytoplankton, the growth of a marine phytoplankton population results directly from the completion of a cell cycle, therefore, cell-environment communication is an important way which involves signal transduction pathways to regulate cell cycle progression and contribute to growth, metabolism and primary production and respond to their surrounding environment in marine phytoplankton. Cyclin-CDK and CaM/Ca²⁺ are essentially key regulators in control of cell cycle and signal transduction pathway, which has important values on both basic research and applied biotechnology. This paper reviews progress made in this research field, which involves the identification and characterization of cyclins and cell signal transduction system, cell cycle-control mechanisms in marine phytoplankton cells, cell cycle proteins as a marker of a terminal event to estimate the growth rate of phytoplankton at the species level, cell cycle-dependent toxin production of toxic algae and cell cycle progression regulated by environmental factors.     

Development of planar patch clamp technology and its application in the analysis of cellular electrophysiology

A patch clamp chip, as a novel cell-based chip for electrophysiological recordings, has many prominent advantages such as high resolution, accuracy, high throughput and automation. It can be used to perform multivariate and real-time measurements of cell networks in situ. Therefore, this technology will dramatically promote the research on ionic channels, neuronal networks and the application of this technology in drug screening. This paper reviews the development of planar patch clamp technology and its applications in detail. The latest progress in the research of taste cells electrophysiology and taste transduction is also presented. Finally, this paper analyzes the methodology of neural chips. Based on the current research of our laboratory, the prospective applications of a patch clamp chip in the research of taste sensation and transduction mechanisms at molecular and cellular levels are discussed.     

基因芯片及其在抗癌药物研究中的应用

基因芯片技术和抗癌药物的筛选是现代生命科学诸多发展方向的两个重要方面.在抗癌药 物的研究中,由于合成药物在治疗中伴随明显的副作用,天然药物越来越受到人们的重视和青睐, 在中药中筛选有效且毒副作用小的抗肿瘤药物已成为近年来中草药研究领域的热点之一.结合基 因芯片筛选抗癌药物,在国内已成为筛选抗癌中药的一个新的发展方向.     

基于镀膜玻璃微流控芯片制作工艺的研究

开发了一种采用金属膜绿基玻璃作为芯片制作材料,在玻璃上旋涂光刻胶层,制作微流控芯片的工艺.针对光刻胶层不耐刻蚀液腐蚀的特点,优化了涂胶、匀胶、预烘、曝光、显影、坚膜等制作工艺步骤,使得制作工艺具有良好的稳定性.自制玻璃微流控芯片的通道深度可以达到36μm,宽度可以达到150 μm,最大有效直线长度可达150 mm,芯片...     

Fabrication technology of integrated fiber microfluidic electrophoresis chip

The technology of PCB was used to fabricate the chip mould, and the microfluidic electrophoresis chip was fabricated with PDMS material. The fiber integrated on the chip was used as the transmission medium, so the light spot size was near the depth of microchannel. The detection sensitivity was improved, and the optical focusing system was spared. The fabrication process, sealing methods and structure characteristic of PDMS microfluidic electrophoresis chips were discussed. The experiment was achieved by using the fabricated chip to separate FITC fluorescein and FITC-labeled amino acid mixture reagent, and the feasibility of the chip was validated.     

生物芯片技术及产业化

生物芯片的概念来自计算机芯片 ,发展至今只几年 ,但进展迅速。本文对生物芯片特别是基因芯片的概念、种类、技术原理、应用领域、发展前景等进行了研究     

锅炉燃油控制系统中的单片机及其节能技术

介绍燃油控制系统中的单片机寻优控制方法，给出了系统中送风量与燃料量之间的控制关系模型，并通过实际工程的检验已取得了良好的经济和环境效益．     

微流控芯片光固化模塑成型的快捷加工技术

采用光固化模塑法代替传统的芯片加工方法,用液体光固化材料代替传统的热塑性高分子材料以及玻璃和硅等无机材料,研究了一种微流控芯片的快捷、低成本制作方法;同时研制出了适用于光固化材料芯片的键合方法。对键合后的芯片进行检验,实验结果表明,光固化模塑成型的微流控芯片流道精度高、完整性好、通畅度佳;芯片透光性良好,红外光及紫外光透过率分别达94%和24%;在芯片的混合流道内能形成水包油的液滴。整个制造过程能够满足微流控芯片批量化生产的要求,且相应的生产设备造价不高,降低了微流控芯片的制作成本。     

标准CMOS工艺的外层型人工视网膜芯片设计

针对外层型视网膜修复技术中芯片像素密度难以提高的问题,设计了一种具有更小尺寸及更高像素密度的视网膜芯片。芯片采用CHRT公司0.35μm标准CMOS工艺,选用双向驰张振荡器电路作为基本像元电路,在Cadence软件平台上进行了电路的调试及版图制作和后仿真。实验结果表明,像元电路能够随光电流大小变化输出幅值及频率可调的脉冲信号对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激,版图制作后仿真得到像元电路脉冲宽度为0.26 ms,频率为18~503 Hz,版图大小为65μm×65μm,初步设计的芯片大小为1.1 mm×1.1 mm。芯片各项参数均能满足生理学上对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激的要求,实验结果为芯片后续研究提供了良好的基础。     

用于细胞成像的便携型微流控芯片检测系统

针对微流控芯片检测装置普遍需要大型数码显微镜的问题,使用自行设计的一套嵌入式微流控芯片小型成像系统拍摄芯片管道中的细胞,并提出在该条件下细胞自动检测与识别的算法。首先,用球形波进行图像背景校正,然后用基于局部方差的直方图均衡化算法进行细胞目标增强,并作滤波和背景去除处理,最后用C anny算子检测细胞边缘并返回原图对细胞进行标记。结果表明:小型的微流控芯片检测系统和处理方法可以使整个片上系统实现更高的集成化、自动化和便携性。     

Cytokinin signal transduction： Known simplicity and unknown complexity

Cytokinin plays a critical role in plant growth and development by regulating cell divisions and cell differentiation. Recent studies suggest that cytokinin signaling is presumably mediated by a two-component system analogous to those found in bacteria and fungi, which transduces an external signal via a phosphorelay from the plasma membrane-anchored receptors to downstream effectors and regulators. Moreover, cytokinin signaling is highly interactive with other pathways, and many components of the pathway appear to be functionally redundant. Proper address of these questions will be crucial for our further understanding on this important network.     

语音识别芯片及应用

本文对比介绍了几款语音识别集成芯片的功能特性和应用情况，并通过一个实例简要说明了用语音识别芯片构造一个系统的应用方法。     

The progress of olfactory transduction and biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors

Olfaction is a very important sensation for all animals. Recently great progress has been made in the research of olfactory transduction. Especially the novel finding of the gene superfamily encoding olfactory receptors has led to rapid advances in olfactory transduction. These advances also promoted the research of biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors and some obvious achievements have been obtained due to their potential commercial prospects and promising industrial applications. This paper briefly introduces the biological basis of olfaction, summarizes the progress of olfactory signal transduction in the olfactory neuron, the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortex, outlines the latest devel- opments and applications of biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors. Finally, the olfactory biosensor based on light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is addressed in detail based on our recent work and the research trends of olfactory biosensors in future are discussed.     

蛋白芯片技术联合定量检测妇科肿瘤标志物的研究

目的：研究 C12联合检测多种肿瘤标志物对妇科恶性肿瘤诊断的意义。方法选取100例妇科良性病变、73例健康女性和病理确诊的81例妇科恶性肿瘤（卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌）病例的血清标本,利用 HD-2001A蛋白芯片仪进行12种肿瘤标志（包括 CA199,NSE,CEA,CA242,CA125,CA153,AFP,Ferritin,Free-PSA,PSA, HGH and β-HCG）的联合定量检测,对比 C12芯片检测系统检测妇科恶性肿瘤与良性病变及正常对照组的差异性。结果妇科恶性肿瘤组中 CA199、CEA 水平及阳性率均高于良性病变组和正常对照组,统计学差异显著（p〈0.05）。卵巢癌中 CA199和 CA125、子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中 CEA 水平高于正常对照组,差异有显著性（p〈0.05）。卵巢癌中 CA199和 CA125联合检测能提高阳性率。结论利用 C12联合检测多种肿瘤标志物可以提高恶性肿瘤诊断的准确性,其中卵巢癌中 CA199和 CA125、子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中 CEA 肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测对筛查妇科肿瘤高危人群具有重要意义。     

植物抗病性的分子机制和信号传导

植物抗病性的分子机制一直是植物病理学关注的焦点.近年来,国内外不少学者和实验室正在大量分离和培养与抗病有关的突变体,并且寻找和研究与抗病有关的基因和抗病机制.研究表明,在病原物与植物的相互作用、病原信号的传导和抗病性激发的过程中存在着一系列的调节因子和基因,并形成复杂的调控网络.综述了近年来国内外植物抗病性的分子研究进展,阐述了植物抗病性分子机制和信号传导.     

南方鲇口外味觉系统的外周神经分支和中枢神经系统的组织学研究

应用组织学切片和光镜观察的方法,对南方鲇口外味觉系统的外周神经分支和初级中枢结构的组织构筑进行研究,绘制出南方鲇口外味觉系统图谱,表明南方鲇的外周神经分支与初级中枢之间存在相互对应关系.作为鱼类味觉初级中枢的面叶,其组织结构的复杂性可能与食性及其对食物的好恶有关.     

Brassinosteroid signal transduction: An emerging picture

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that have similar structures and functions with Brassino-lide (BL). BR signaling is complicated, and the input of BR signal is under fine control. The active BR level is regulated at the levels of BR biosynthesis and metabolic inactivation[1,2]. BR biosynthetic pathway consists of a metabolic grid, and the expression of several genes for BR biosynthesis is feedback regulated by BR signaling[3,4]. The sequential events of BR action inclu…