口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞癌组织Fas/FasL的表达及其意义

目的：研究调亡相关基因Fas／FasL在正常口腔黏膜、上皮异常增生和口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、26例上皮异常增生、38例口腔鳞癌组织及肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）中Fas／FasL的表达。结果：Fas在正常口腔黏膜中广泛表达;上皮异常增生和鳞癌组织表达明显下调（P〈0．05）;Fas表达与口腔鳞癌分化程度有关;FasL在正常口腔黏膜不表达;上皮异常增生和鳞癌组织表达明显上调（P〈0．05）;FasL表达与口腔鳞癌分化程度无关（P〉0．05）;TIL细胞Fas、FasL阳性表达率为81．6％和84．2％。结论：Fas表达与口腔黏膜上皮细胞的自然分化成熟、衰老及口腔鳞癌的形成和肿瘤的恶性度有关;FasL的表达上调可能是口腔鳞癌组织免疫反攻击的体现;Fas、FasL可作为监测口腔上皮癌变的标记物。     

口腔异常增生上皮及鳞癌组织中Fas、FasL及Bcl-2的研究

目的:研究凋亡相关基因Fas、FasL及Bcl-2蛋白在口腔黏膜异常增生上皮及鳞癌组织中变化规律。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测口腔黏膜异常增生上皮及鳞癌组织中凋亡相关基因Fas、FasL及Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果:发现Fas表达水平无差异,但Fas染色在正常、单纯性增生、轻度异常增生组织中以胞膜型为主,而原位癌及鳞癌组织中以胞浆型为主,中度异常增生时两型兼有;FasL在鳞癌组织中过度表达,与对照组、单纯增生组比较差异显著(P<0.05),FasL表达与局部浸润的淋巴细胞呈负相关(r=-0.437,P<0.05)。Bcl-2表达在原位癌时出现高峰,与对照组、单纯增生组比较差异显著(P<0.05),Bcl-2表达水平与Fas L表达水平相关显著(r=0.337,P<0.05)。结论:Fas、FasL及Bcl-2参与了口腔癌前病变癌变发生发展过程,作用的机制可能是它们分别或协同作用抑制细胞凋亡、延长异常细胞生存期、利于免疫逃逸,为细胞癌变提供了条件。     

口腔黏膜癌前病变及鳞癌中Fas/FasL的表达研究

目的 :研究凋亡相关基因Fas/FasL在口腔正常粘膜、上皮单纯增生、上皮异常增生和鳞癌中的表达及意义。方法 :采用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测正常口腔粘膜 ( 10例 ) ,上皮单纯增生 ( 8例 ) ,上皮异常增生 ( 2 0例 ) ,鳞癌 ( 32例 )中Fas/FasL的表达。结果 :在正常口腔粘膜中Fas表达于棘层和粒层细胞的胞膜 ;FasL局限于基底层细胞的胞膜和胞浆。上皮异常增生中随异常增生程度的增高 ,Fas表达降低 ;FasL表达增强 ,甚至遍布上皮全层。鳞癌组中Fas表达明显低于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且与组织学分级呈正相关 ;FasL表达明显高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且与组织学分级呈负相关。结论 :Fas在调节鳞状上皮细胞自我更新中具有重要作用。Fas表达水平下调 ,FasL上调 ,可能是口腔上皮癌变过程中的一个早期事件。Fas/FasL是肿瘤细胞逃逸肿瘤反应T细胞攻击而获得免疫赦免的重要机制之一。     

口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病的免疫组化研究

目的　研究口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病与口腔癌的细胞增殖能力、血管密度和细胞凋亡的变化。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 15例黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病、9例黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病伴上皮异常增生、15例口腔癌及 10例正常黏膜组织中Ki 6 7的表达、细胞凋亡及微血管密度。结果　口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病伴异常增生及鳞状细胞癌中Ki 6 7的表达明显高于不伴异常增生的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病及正常黏膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在所有的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病及鳞状细胞癌中微血管密度均明显高于正常组 (P <0 0 5 )。口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病中细胞凋亡明显高于正常黏膜及口腔癌 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在伴有上皮异常增生的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病中Ki 6 7表达及微血管密度均介于正常组织和口腔癌之间 ,凋亡细胞数也明显多于正常组织。研究结果提示 :口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病是一种具有癌变潜能的疾患     

口腔黏膜癌变过程中中心体的扩增及其意义

目的　了解口腔黏膜癌变过程中中心体的状况,探讨中心体的异常在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)发生发展中的作用及其在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的意义。方法　选取正常口腔黏膜(12例)、轻度上皮异常增生(2例)、中度上皮异常增生(8例)、重度上皮异常增生(12例),口腔高分化鳞癌(10例)、中分化鳞癌(15例)、低分化鳞癌(7例)的石蜡包埋组织,采用间接免疫荧光双重染色(γ-微管蛋白单克隆抗体及细胞角蛋白多克隆抗体)显示上皮细胞中的中心体,分析其在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的变化趋势及在各组间的差异。结果　正常口腔黏膜上皮表现为大小数目正常的中心体,但在72·73%(16/22)的上皮异常增生及84·38%(27/32)OSCC组织中观察到部分上皮或肿瘤细胞中出现异常中心体,表现为中心体直径的增加或数目的增多。具有异常中心体的细胞数目随上皮异常增生程度的增加及肿瘤分化程度的降低而增加,二者存在明显的正相关关系(P<0·01)。结论　中心体的扩增是口腔黏膜癌变过程中的早期事件并与口腔癌发生发展进程有关,口腔黏膜癌变过程中的细胞形态学改变与中心体扩增之间可能存在直接机制上的联系。从调控中心体循环入手治疗口腔癌前病损及OSCC,有可能成为口腔癌预防和治疗的新途径。     

口腔粘膜鳞癌发生过程中Bax蛋白的表达

目的：初步探讨Ｂａｘ基因蛋白产物Ｂａｘ蛋白在口腔粘膜癌前损害发生发展过程中的作用及变化的规律。方法：分别选出正常口腔占膜、上皮单纯增生、上皮轻度异常增生、上皮中度异常增生、上皮重度异常增生、鳞状细胞癌标本共３８例,采用免疫组织化学染色技术－－酶标链亲和素生物素法（ＬＳＡＢ）染色并进行光镜下观察。结果：光镜下可见,各阶段均有Ｂａｘ蛋白表达,为细胞浆阳性,从正常口腔粘膜组织、上皮单纯增生到中度上皮异常     

口腔粘膜癌前病变和鳞癌组织凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Fas的表达

目的 :研究凋亡相关蛋白Bcl 2、Fas在口腔异常增生上皮和鳞癌组织中表达。方法 :采用免疫组化SP法检测 10例正常粘膜 ,48例异常增生上皮 ,42例鳞癌石蜡包埋样本中Bcl 2和Fas的表达。结果 :Bcl 2在正常粘膜和异常增生上皮中少见表达 ,鳞癌组织中Bcl 2表达明显增强 (p <0 0 5 )。Fas在正常粘膜中广泛表达 ,在异常组和鳞癌组中表达明显下调 (p <0 0 5 )。结论 :Fas在异常增生上皮中表达下降 ,可能导致异常增生细胞累积 ;Bcl 2和Fas共同作用导致肿瘤的最终发生、发展     

CD44v3和CD54在口腔黏膜癌变中的表达

目的:研究细胞黏附分子CD44v3和CD54在口腔癌前病变中的表达,揭示其在口腔癌前病变中的作用.方法:收集人正常黏膜及单纯性增生黏膜19 例,上皮异常增生黏膜22 例,口腔癌26 例,应用免疫组化SP法检测CD44v3和CD54在正常及异常组织中的表达.结果:CD44v3和CD54蛋白在正常和单纯增生黏膜中不表达或微表达,在上皮异常增生和口腔黏膜癌中表达依次增高,3 组间差异有显著性(P<0.05).经Spearman相关性分析CD44v3和CD54蛋白染色强度与细胞增殖程度之间存在明显正相关性(P<0.05).结论: CD44v3和CD54蛋白在口腔癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用.     

生存素、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3在口腔癌前病变及口腔癌中的表达

目的 探讨生存素(survivin)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)在口腔癌发生中的作用,以期为口腔癌的监测和治疗提供参考.方法 选取首都医科大学口腔医学院病理科存档石蜡标本45例,其中口腔白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生16例,口腔白斑伴上皮重度异常增生12例,口腔高-中分化鳞状细胞癌17例;正常口腔黏膜组织10例.采用免疫组化SP法对生存素、caspase-3的表达进行检测;脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的原位缺口末端标记法对细胞凋亡指数进行检测.结果 生存素表达在正常黏膜、白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生、白斑伴上皮重度异常增生及口腔癌中逐渐增加,阳性细胞率分别为(1.05±1.21)%、(6.06 ±4.87)%、(12.49 ±8.41)%和(21.89±10.45)%;caspase-3的表达在3个病例组中逐渐下降,正常对照、白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生、白斑伴上皮重度异常增生及口腔鳞状细胞癌组阳性细胞率分别为(12.37 ±5.48)%、(19.51 ±13.15)%、(9.76±7.83)%和(6.08 ±6.91)%;正常对照、白斑伴轻-中度异常增生、白斑伴重度异常增生及口腔鳞状细胞癌组凋亡指数分别为(0.89 ±0.46)%、(1.29 ±0.63)%、(0.65 ±0.40)%和(0.21 ±0.12)%,前3组与口腔鳞状细胞癌组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 生存素在口腔癌的发生过程中起重要作用,随着生存素表达的增加,caspase-3和凋亡指数呈下降趋势;生存索可能通过抑制caspase-3的表达,从而抑制细胞的凋亡,促进口腔癌的发生.     

Fas、bcl-2在金黄地鼠颊囊癌变过程中的表达

目的:研究凋亡相关蛋白Fas、bcl-2在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的表达规律。方法:建立金黄地鼠颊囊癌变模型,采用免疫组化法检测地鼠颊囊癌变过程中凋亡相关蛋白Fas、bcl-2的表达。采用非参数检验进行统计学分析。结果:在阴性对照组黏膜,除基底细胞外,Fas多呈极强阳性表达;随上皮异常增生程度加重,Fas表达下调,主要定位于细胞的胞膜和胞质。癌变后Fas表达更低,且表达部位主要位于癌细胞胞质内,与阴性对照组黏膜相比,差异有显著性(χ2=45.576,P<0.05)。bcl-2在阴性对照组黏膜多不表达,随上皮异常增生程度加重表达上调,重度异常增生时达最高峰,鳞癌组表达降低,与异常增生组显著差异,而与阴性对照组相比,差异有显著性(χ2=19.433,P<0.05)。结论:Fas通过表达的下调及表达部位的改变,参与口腔黏膜异常增殖细胞逃逸机体的免疫监视功能及细胞毒性淋巴细胞的攻击;bcl-2通过表达上调,发挥其抑制凋亡的功能,使细胞凋亡减少,细胞的存活期延长;两者可能具有协同作用,导致增殖细胞凋亡减少,细胞增殖与凋亡失衡,导致地鼠颊囊癌的形成。     

Expression of p16 and CDK4 in oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinomas: a semi-quantitative immunohistochemical study

The protein, p16, the product of cyclin-dependent kinase number 2 (CDKN2) gene, is one of the negative regulators of the cell cycle. CDK4, encoded by CDK4 gene, is the substrate of p16. We investigated the expression of p16 and CDK4 and their role in the progression of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in a Chinese cohort. A total of 74 samples were obtained from patients with hyperkeratosis (10), OPLs [30; mild (10), moderate (10) and severe (10) dysplastic lesions], OSCCs (15; 8 non-metastatic, 7 metastatic), and normal oral tissues (10), together with local lymph nodes (9) of patients with metastatic OSCCs. A labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) immunohistochemistry assay was performed and a semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate the staining intensity. The staining patterns of p16 and CDK4 were similar in all tissues and were located in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm. However, the antigen distribution characteristics and the degree of expression of both p16 and CDK4 varied at different developmental stages of the lesions. Hyperkeratotic and dysplastic lesions tended to display a progressively increasing degree of p16- and CDK4-positive nuclei as compared with normal tissues. Also, positive staining cytoplasm was highly evident in OSCCs with a very low nuclear staining (P<0.05). Forty-six of 56-, p16-positive cases were CDK4-positive, while only 6 were CDK4-positive but p16-negative, implying a high correlation between these parameters (r=0.813, P<0.001). This study indicates that the expression of p16 and CDK4 is intimately involved in the development of OPLs and OSCCs and the likely existence of a positive feedback loop between p16 and CDK4.     

口腔扁平苔藓固有层淋巴细胞中Fas及Fas配体的表达变化

目的 检测Fas及Fas配体(Fas ligand,FasL)在口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus,OLP)固有层淋巴细胞中的蛋白表达,探讨Fas、FasL和活化诱导的细胞死亡(activation-induced cell death,AICD)与OLP发病的关系.方法 采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的原位缺口末端标记法检测31例OLP和10例正常口腔黏膜(normal oral mucosa,NOM)中淋巴细胞凋亡情况;分别使用免疫组化法检测组织总淋巴细胞及CD8~+、CD4~+T细胞Fas、FasL的表达.结果 OLP与NOM固有层淋巴细胞凋亡率[分别为(1.9±1.8)%、(11.5±9.0)%]差异有统计学意义(P=0.013).OLP淋巴细胞Fas、FasL表达与NOM组相比明显增强[阳性表达率分别为52%(16/31)、71%(22/31),P值分别为0.005、0.000].OLP中CD8~+与Fas~+细胞双阳性表达率为10%,与NOM组相比无明显升高(P=0.313),而CD8~+与FasL~+细胞双阳性表达率[58%(3/31)]显著升高(P=0.002).CD4~+与Fas~+细胞双阳性表达率为35%(11/31),较NOM组显著升高(P=0.031),其中网纹型的表达明显升高(阳性表达为8/19,P=0.019),但糜烂、萎缩型的表达无显著升高(阳性表达为3/12,P=0.097).CD4~+与FasL~+表达率为16%(5/31),与NOM组相比无明显增强(P=0.182).结论 OLP淋巴细胞凋亡低下;OLP中T细胞亚群Fas、FasL表达不均衡,CD8~+细胞和萎缩、糜烂型OLP中CD4~+细胞可能逃逸AICD,与炎症的持续和进展有关;网纹型OLP中部分CD4~+T细胞可能经历AICD.     

Suppression of Fas receptor and negative correlation of Fas ligand with differentiation and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Apoptosis and the expression of Fas receptor (Fas) and Fas ligand (FasL) were studied in 8 samples of normal oral mucosa (OM) and in 19 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL method. Fas was detected in less than 2% of cells of OSCC compared with 84.3 ± 9.0% of cells in the basal layer in OM. FasL was found to be highly expressed in poorly differentiated lesions (90.9 ± 3.6%), and in cells of both the basal (88.3 ± 4.3%) and central (85.3 ± 5.7%) parts of moderately differentiated lesions, whereas in well-differentiated (WD) lessions expression was considerably lower in both basal (42.7 ± 4.1%) and central (11.5 ± 2.4%) parts. In normal OM FasL was primarily detected in cells of the basal layer, but in a high proportion of cells (84.9 ± 4.3%). Apototic cell death was greater in OSCC (1.6 ± 0.6%) than in OM (0.6 ± 0.2%, P <0.05) and was most pronounced in the central part of WD OSCC (2.3 ± 0.5%). Our results show that Fas is expressed in low quantities in OSCC and that FasL expression correlates negatively with degree of differentiation and apoptosis in OSCC.     

Phospholipase C‐γ1 expression correlated with cancer progression of potentially malignant oral lesions

Background: Phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLCγ1) is required for cellular migration during tumor progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The objective of the current study was to determine immunoexpression pattern of PLCγ1 in oral potentially malignant lesions (OPLs) and evaluate PLCγ1 usefulness as a biomarker for predicting clinical behavior in the carcinogenesis of OPL. Methods: In a retrospective follow‐up study, the expression pattern of PLCγ1 protein was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 68 patients, including untransformed cases (n = 38) and malignant‐transformed cases (n = 30). The corresponding post‐malignant lesions (OSCCs) were also performed. Results: We observed that elevated expression of PLCγ1 in 40 of 68 (59%) general OPLs and 23 of 30 (77%) OSCCs compared with that in normal oral mucosa. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with PLCγ1 positivity had a significantly higher incidence of OSCC than those with PLCγ1 negativity. Cox regression analysis revealed that PLCγ1 expression patterns were significantly associated with increased risk of malignant progression. In addition, the correlation between PLCγ1 expression in pre‐malignant OPL and that in post‐malignant OSCC was significant (P = 0.004). Conclusion: These data indicate that PLCγ1 expression in OPL correlated with oral cancer progression, and PLCγ1 may serve as a useful marker for the identification of high‐risk OPL into OSCC.