肿瘤嗜神经侵袭机制的研究进展

肿瘤嗜神经侵袭（perineural invasion，PNI）被认为是一种新的恶性肿瘤转移方式，与多种肿瘤不良预后相关。神经与肿瘤细胞之间的相互作用主要包括细胞形态的改变和分子间作用。肿瘤微环境中的多种分子包括神经营养因子、趋化因子、黏附分子及神经递质等在肿瘤PNI形成过程中发挥重要作用。探究神经与肿瘤的相互作用，可为揭示肿瘤形成或转移的机制及优化临床诊疗提供帮助。     

肿瘤微环境——肿瘤转移的关键因素

肿瘤转移是癌症治疗失败和患者死亡的主要原因,其分子机制复杂,涉及多步骤、多阶段、多基因的变化。作为肿瘤细胞赖以生存的场所,肿瘤微环境在肿瘤转移过程中起到至关重要的作用。因此,研究肿瘤微环境与肿瘤转移的动态关系,阐明微环境中不同因子在转移过程中的分子机制是抑制肿瘤转移的关键。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因研究进展

转移是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因之一，其基因及分子调控机制仍不清楚。肿瘤转移抑制基因在体内能直接抑制肿瘤转移潜能而对原发肿瘤生长没有影响，其发现与分离对于转移机制调节的研究具有重要意义，并具有广阔的应用前景。现综述肿瘤转移抑制基因的研究现状、临床意义及应用。     

淋巴管与肿瘤转移

肿瘤转移中淋巴转移是其最常见、最基本的途径，在肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移过程中，肿瘤血管和淋巴管的生成是重要的影响因素。随着对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族的深入研究，逐渐发现其在肿瘤淋巴管的生成中起重要调控作用。现综述与肿瘤转移相关的淋巴管解剖特征、肿瘤淋巴管生成、转移中的分子调控机制及治疗策略等。     

肿瘤微环境与肿瘤转移

肿瘤转移与肿瘤微环境中成纤维细胞、转化生长因子、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、趋化因子及其受体、凝血酶等多种因素密切相关。成纤维细胞通过促进肿瘤血管生成、促进癌细胞与细胞外基质黏附、促进细胞外基质降解等环节参与肿瘤的转移。TGF-β是由巨噬细胞、间质细胞和肿瘤细胞产生,它能对抗血管内皮的紧密连接和黏附连接,使毛细血管壁完整性受到破坏,从而导致毛细血管通透性增加,使肿瘤细胞从血管中游出进入器官组织中形成种植转移。肿瘤相关性巨噬细胞可合成和分泌EGF等细胞因子,引导肿瘤细胞穿越血管壁,促进肿瘤的转移。趋化因子及其受体对肿瘤细胞的迁移起着决定性的作用。凝血酶能通过影响微环境中其他细胞的行为而为肿瘤转移提供一个相容的环境。明晰肿瘤转移与肿瘤微环境的关系,进而明确在肿瘤发生、发展、转移过程中发挥重要作用的关键分子,寻找其相对应的靶点,对于肿瘤的诊断及治疗具有重要的作用。     

癌基因与肿瘤转移

癌基因与肿瘤转移吴小华综述施达仁张志毅蔡树模审校（上海医科大学附属肿瘤医院２０００３２）肿瘤转移是癌症患者的主要死因，也是肿瘤研究中重要而又了解尚少的领域。随着肿瘤分子生物学的发展。人们已经把癌基因和肿瘤的转移联系起来，探讨其分子机制，为寻求有效防治...     

消化系统肿瘤转移的蛋白质组学研究进展

肿瘤的转移是导致癌症病人死亡最主要原因，占癌症患者死亡人数90％以上。目前我们对肿瘤转移的分子和细胞学机制尚不明确，对肿瘤的预防和治疗产生了很大的障碍。肿瘤的转移是一个多步骤过程，组织学上转移灶细胞和原发灶细胞属于同一类型。而在转移过程中，有大量的蛋白质分子参与了这个过程，各个蛋白质分子在转移过程中表达水平的改变、翻译后的修饰、[第一段]     

肿瘤血管形成与肿瘤浸润转移的研究进展

肿瘤血管形成是肿瘤发生、生长和浸润与转移的重要条件，近些年在研究方面进展迅速，并取得了很大进展。主要就肿瘤血管形成与肿瘤浸润转移的有关研究进展加以综述。     

Neuropilin-2与肿瘤转移的相关研究

肿瘤转移是导致肿瘤患者死亡的重要原因，对于肿瘤转移的机制以及如何预防和抑制肿瘤的转移一直是肿瘤研究的重点和热点。目前研究认为，肿瘤相关淋巴管的形成能够促进肿瘤的转移扩散，所以现在有很多研究聚焦于如何抑制肿瘤环境淋巴管的形成。     

肿瘤转移与肿瘤干细胞

肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤进展的重要特征,也是导致肿瘤患者治疗失败和死亡（〉90％）的最主要原因。微环境中复杂的信号通路,肿瘤细胞基因表型、上皮表型和表面粘附分子表达的改变,肿瘤转移的器官归巢现象等都将影响肿瘤转移结局。肿瘤转移分子机制迄今尚不清楚。近年来,上皮细胞-间质细胞转化（epithelial—mesenchymal transition,EMT）被认为是肿瘤转移早期的关键步骤。     

Personalized Cancer Treatment for Ovarian Cancer

Recently there have been numerous advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer which have resultedin more appropriate treatments. In this paper we describe the experience of the Burzynski Clinic, involved intreatment of numerous patients based on personalized approach using novel combinations for difficult-to-treatmalignancies, with gynecological cancers. This retrospective study was conducted by extracting data fromBurzynski Clinic’s medical records and comprehensive review. Among the advanced refractory ovarian cancerscases (N=33), an objective response (OR) was found in 42.4%. We anticipate that with improved technology andnovel therapeutics this rate will increase and adverse events will be reduced.     

Esophageal Cancer Associated with Gastric Cancer

Among a total of 1,137 patients with esophageal cancer, therewere 44 cases of esophageal cancer associated with gastric cancer,an incidence of 3.9%. The majority of the patients were between60 and 70 yr old. Forty-two patients were male and two werefemale. Eleven of these patients had a third cancer. Six had multiplecancers in the esophagus and/or stomach. Eighteen patients hadearly gastric cancer. Thirty-two of the cancers were synchronousand 12 were metachronous. Of these 44 patients, 21 had familyhistories of cancer, 37 were smokers, and 36 were drinkers.Twenty-five patients received surgery for all of their cancers,and two patients received resection of only esophageal cancer.Of these 27 patients. five patients lived more than 5 yr. Themost frequent cause of death in our series was esophageal cancer(52.9%). Surgical treatment of all of the cancers is desirable. Whenthis is impossible, the surgery must be emphasized for the esophagealcancer in most cases.     

National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Genetics Workshop

Compelling evidence supports a genetic component to prostate cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer susceptibility. It remains unclear, however, whether such genetic variants are associated with disease aggressiveness--one of the most important questions in prostate cancer research today. To help clarify this and substantially expand research in the genetic determinants of prostate cancer aggressiveness, the first National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Genetics Workshop assembled researchers to develop plans for a large new research consortium and patient cohort. The workshop reviewed the prior work in this area and addressed the practical issues in planning future studies. With new DNA sequencing technology, the potential application of sequencing information to patient care is emerging. The workshop, therefore, included state-of-the-art presentations by experts on new genotyping technologies, including sequencing and associated bioinformatics issues, which are just beginning to be applied to cancer genetics.     

Europe Against Cancer: Cancer Week UK

Since the beginning of the Europe Against Cancer (EAC) programme in 1989, much support and emphasis has been given to informing both health professionals and the public about cancer. This has come from the government and the many cancer-related charities and organizations. A week focused on cancer throughout the European Union (EU) has been encouraged each October. This paper describes the gradual development of these weeks to provide a more planned, co-ordinated and evaluated strategy. Collaboration with European partners is also addressed, emphasizing the positive benefits of such activities. Finally, the issue of monitoring and evaluation is addressed in some detail.     

干细胞、癌症与癌症干细胞

干细胞被认为是一种未分化的细胞,具有永远增殖和自我更新能力.大量研究证明,癌症中存在对化疗更具抵抗性的癌症干细胞.识别癌症干细胞和普通癌症细胞之间的差异,可以发展更有效的癌症分类、诊断和治疗方法.     

American Cancer Society Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women and second leading cause of cancer death when men and women are combined in the United States (US). Almost two‐thirds of CRC survivors are living 5 years after diagnosis. Considering the recent decline in both incidence and mortality, the prevalence of CRC survivors is likely to increase dramatically over the coming decades with the increase in rates of CRC screening, further advances in early detection and treatment and the aging and growth of the US population. Survivors are at risk for a CRC recurrence, a new primary CRC, other cancers, as well as both short‐term and long‐term adverse effects of the CRC and the modalities used to treat it. CRC survivors may also have psychological, reproductive, genetic, social, and employment concerns after treatment. Communication and coordination of care between the treating oncologist and the primary care clinician is critical to effectively and efficiently manage the long‐term care of CRC survivors. The guidelines in this article are intended to assist primary care clinicians in delivering risk‐based health care for CRC survivors who have completed active therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:427–455 . © 2015 American Cancer Society.