A novel optimised and validated method for analysis of multi-residues of pesticides in fruits and vegetables by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)–dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE)–retention time locked (RTL)–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with Deconvolution reporting software (DRS)

A rapid, effective and ecofriendly method for sensitive screening and quantification of 72 pesticides residue in fruits and vegetables, by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE), retention time locked (RTL) capillary gas-chromatographic separation in trace ion mode mass spectrometric determination has been validated as per ISO/IEC: 17025:2005. Identification and reporting with total and extracted ion chromatograms were facilitated to a great extent by Deconvolution reporting software (DRS). For all compounds LOD were 0.002–0.02 mg/kg and LOQ were 0.025–0.100 mg/kg. Correlation coefficients of the calibration curves in the range of 0.025–0.50 mg/kg were >0.993. To validate matrix effects repeatability, reproducibility, recovery and overall uncertainty were calculated for the 35 matrices at 0.025, 0.050 and 0.100 mg/kg. Recovery ranged between 72% and 114% with RSD of <20% for repeatability and intermediate precision. The reproducibility of the method was evaluated by an inter laboratory participation and Z score obtained within ±2.     

Properties of (Ni-P)–SnO2 (nanometer) electroless composite coating on PET fabrics

The preceding parts of this series detailed a theoretical analysis to predict fabric tensile behaviour, the measurement and mathematical representations of the fibre-orientation angle and curl factor, which are the two principal parameters involved in the treatment, and a complete list of variables essential for computations and procedures to determine their values. This paper presents a comparison of the predicted stress–strain curves, constructed from the computer calculations, and the experimental ones for the nine commercial fabrics studied. After the individual remarks concerning the outcome for each fabric, possible reasons for the discrepancies encountered between the theoretical and experimental curves and the validity of some assumptions made in the analysis are discussed.     

Evaluation of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–HPLC–UV for Determination of Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Wheat Flour

A fast and simple method for the extraction of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat flour using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–UV detection has been developed and compared with immunoaffinity column cleanup (IAC) process. The influence of several important parameters on the extraction efficacy was studied. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 50–1,000 μg/L. Average recoveries of DON from spiked wheat samples at levels of 500 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC ranged from 72.9?±?1.6 and 85.5?±?3.1, respectively. A good correlation was found for spiked samples between DLLME and IAC methods. The limit of detection was 125 and 50 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC method, respectively. Advantages of DLLME method with respect to the IAC have been pointed out.     

New enzymatic time–temperature integrator (TTI) that uses laccase

A new enzyme based TTI prototype was developed using an advantageous enzyme, laccase, which has simple discoloration kinetics and is widely available. The possibility for the laccase TTI to be a qualified TTI product was investigated and the color response variable, kinetics and Arrhenius parameters of the TTI were identified. The hue value was found to be highly correlated with the concentration of laccase reaction product and determined as the color response variable. The significance of kinetics and Arrhenius relationships were sufficient for the TTI prototype to meet the general requirements of TTI products. The activation energy of laccase TTI ranged from 43.9 to 46.9 kJ/mol. The results indicated that the laccase based TTI prototype could be useful as a new type of enzymatic TTI product.     

Trends in Contact Lens Prescribing in Japan (2003–2016)

Purpose

To review contact lens prescribing trends in Japan between 2003 and 2016.

Characterisation of milk samples with various whey protein contents by pyrolysis–mass spectrometry (Py–MS)

Different milk samples and their 2, 5 and 10% mixtures with ‘artificial’ or natural whey protein were analysed by means of pyrolysis–mass spectrometry (Py–MS). Py–MS followed by multivariate analysis of the resulting mass spectra enabled the determination of the whey protein addition in milk samples. Obtained results showed that this determination seems not to be influenced by the fat content and freezing of the samples, as well as a dilution of the samples. ©     

Preparation and characterization of glycerol plasticized (high-amylose) starch–chitosan films

The chitosan–starch (high amylose) blend film (1;1), via microfluidization, was prepared by casting with different glycerol concentration (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The films were characterized for their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. The addition of glycerol at 5% (w/w) and higher concentrations resulted in decrease in tensile strength, increase in elongation at break due to plasticization. The well-known antiplasticization was observed in the polymer films with 2.5% of glycerol. The addition of glycerol promoted the interactions among chitosan, starch and glycerol through hydrogen bonding as reflected on the shifting of main peaks of the glycerol-free film to higher wavenumbers as shown by FTIR spectra. The decrease in intensity of glycerol-related peaks in starch–chitosan–glycerol films in both ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra proved the strong interactions (decrease in glycerol mobility) occurring among starch, chitosan and glycerol in glycerol-plasticized films.     

Effects of high pressure treatment (100–200 MPa) at low temperature on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) muscle

Turbot fillets were subjected to high pressure treatments at 100, 140, 180 and 200 MPa for 15 and 30 min at 4°C. The influence of such treatments on the lipid and protein stability and on color was studied. It appeared that color, protein stability and lipid oxidation phenomena were influenced both by the pressure level and pressure holding time. The oxidative stability of lipids was particularly affected from 180 MPa as measured by the thiobarbituric acid number. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a full denaturation of myosin at 200 MPa and the appearance of a new structure from the treatment at 100 MPa for 30 min.     

Characterisation of volatile composition of white salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.) by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) coupled to GC–MS

Two analytical procedures were applied, HS-SPME and SDE, coupled to GC–MS to analyse the volatile composition of white salsify. More than 80 of volatile compounds which belonged to distinct chemical families were analysed. SDE led to the identification of mainly high molecular weight sesquiterpenes, acids and esters. Given that SDE involves high temperatures, heat-sensitive compounds may undergo chemical alteration or artefacts may appear. Results obtained show that SPME was useful for the analysis of alcohols and hydrocarbons of low molecular weight and high volatility that are involved in the characteristic volatile profile of salsify and its sensory perception.     

Identification and quantification of constituents of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi) by HPLC-DAD–ESI–MS

A simple, rapid and specific HPLC method was carried out for the analysis of characteristic constituents in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi), namely iridoids, caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives and crocins. The separation was successfully obtained using a C₁₈ column by gradient elution with mixtures of methanol and water as mobile phases; detection wavelength was set at 240 nm for iridoid glycosides, 315 nm for quinic acid derivatives and 438 nm for crocins.     

Particle size-starch–protein digestibility relationships in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

The kinetics of starch and protein digestion in hammer- and cryo-milled cowpea (70–370 μm) were investigated. The pH during the protein digestion reduced with time, and both the starch and protein digestion exhibited monophasic digestograms, which were suitably (r² > 0.97, p < 0.001) described by a modified first-order kinetic model. The in vitro protein digestibility of the cowpea (>80%) was independent of the milling conditions. The hammer-milled cowpea digested more, but the reciprocal of its rate of protein digestion was independent of the square of the particle size. The rate of protein digestion in the cryo-milled cowpea inversely depended (p < 0.05) on the square of the particle size, with 67 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹ as the diffusion coefficient. For the starch digestion, diffusion coefficients (cm² s⁻¹) were 0.6 × 10⁻⁷ (hammer-milled) and 0.3 × 10⁻⁷ (cryo-milled). The protein digestion proceeded at a much faster (100×) rate than the starch digestion.     

Analysis of protein carbonyls in meat products by using the DNPH-method,fluorescence spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS)

Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) was applied as an advanced methodology to study the suitability of using α-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AAS) and γ-glutamic semialdehyde (GGS) as protein oxidation markers in meat products. The results obtained were compared to those obtained by using the DNPH-method and fluorescence spectroscopy for the analysis of protein carbonyls. Lipid oxidation was also investigated in order to elucidate the relationship between lipid and protein oxidation measurements. Both semialdehydes were originally detected in a food system which proves that lysine, arginine and proline are degraded as a result of oxidative reactions to yield AAS and GGS in meat products. A lack of consistency was observed between the MS results for AAS and GGS and the values obtained by the DNPH-method and the fluorescence spectroscopy. Unlike the last two methods, AAS and GGS measurements have proved to be unaffected by the composition or the structure of the food matrix providing precise information about the fate of particular amino acids during processing of muscle foods. These semialdehydes, and particularly GGS, could be used as indicators of protein oxidation in meat products like TBARS numbers are commonly used as lipid oxidation markers. In fact, a significant correlation was found between GGS values and TBARS highlighting the timely interaction between lipid and protein oxidation.     

Determination of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in pork using Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy

Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content is one of important index of pork’s freshness, and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) is seen as the important index of pork’s tenderness. This paper attempted the feasibility to determine TVB-N content and WBSF in pork by Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. Synergy interval partial least square (SI-PLS) algorithm was performed to calibrate regression model. The number of PLS factors and the number of intervals were optimised simultaneously by cross-validation. The performance of the model was evaluated according to two correlation coefficients (R) in calibration and prediction sets. Experimental results showed that the correlations coefficients in the calibration set (R_c) and prediction set (R_p) were achieved as follows: R_c = 0.8398 and R_p = 0.8084 for TVB-N content model; R_c = 0.7533 and R_p = 0.7041 for WBSF model. The overall results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with SI-PLS could be utilised to determinate TVB-N content and WBSF in pork.     

Chirale Phthalid-Aromastoffe: (3a–7a)-cis-3-Butylhexahydrophthalid-Stereoisomere in Knollensellerie (Apium graveolens L var.rapaceum)

In diethyl ether extracts from celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var.rapaceum) all four stereoisomers of (3a–7a)-cis-3-butylhexahydrophthalide were found to be present. The analyses were carried out by means of GC, enantioselective GC and GC-MS. The assignment of the relative configuration of the diastereomers3 and4 was accomplished by NOE difference spectroscopy.     

莱卡(R)伙伴计划(Lycra(R) Assured)

为了帮助纺织品加工中各企业在激烈的市场竞争中生产出与众不同的弹性产品 ,杜邦公司启动了“莱卡 R伙伴计划”。它将使杜邦及其服装行业的商业参与者对高档纤维制成的高品质织物的需求 ,作出更有效的反应。     

莱卡(R)伙伴计划(Lycre(R) Assured)

杜邦公司正在启动“莱卡Ｒ 伙伴计划” ,这是一种崭新的全球商业理念 ,也是杜邦全新供货链管理计划 ,可使全球采购更有效 ,缩短循环时间 ,加速创新科技到市场的速度 ,并帮助降低服装弹性化的成本。1　“莱卡Ｒ 伙伴计划”介绍目前 ,纺织、服装行业的全球化趋势已在加速 ,行业从业者们在面对全球化带来的无数挑战的同时 ,也看到了新的商机。工业需要高技术纤维的革新来满足广大消费者对服装的需求 ,这并不只是好看 ,而且还需舒适、美观、实用、物有所值。从杜邦来看 ,为发掘高档纤维的潜能而做的技术完善与质量的绝对保证在产品走向市场的每…     

佳友织业:获得Interfeel’Award–Lace(蕾丝)大奖

<正>在上海国际内衣原辅料展举办第二届INTERFEEL’AWARDS颁奖典礼上,汕头市佳友织业有限公司的蕾丝(GAYOU LACE)获得大奖。这是由内衣及泳装行业专家所认可的国际性大奖,表彰参展商的专业技能及产品系列。记者在佳友织业展位上采访到汕头市佳友织业有限公司总经理周广大。"佳友织业以研究、设计、生产、销售蕾丝及蕾丝面料在业内知名。1998年创建,一开始代理销售进口花边,从1999年开始生产,产品一半内销一半外销",周广大首     

Optimised off-line SPE–GC–FID method for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in vegetable oils

An optimised off-line SPE–GC–FID method based on the use of silver-silica gel was developed for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in vegetable oils, including olive pomace oil. The method is specific in not including the aromatic hydrocarbons. The performance of different silica gels (untreated, activated and treated with silver nitrate) was compared in terms of capacity to retain fat and retention of interfering olefins present in particularly large amounts in refined olive oils. A coefficient of variation of 9% was obtained performing six replicate analyses of an extra virgin olive oil fortified with an amount of MOSH near the estimated LOQ (15 mg/kg). Recoveries were close to 100%. The use of activated aluminium oxide as an additional tool to eliminate interference by endogenous long-chain n-alkanes, is discussed.