西米淀粉糊流变特性研究

利用Brookfield旋转粘度计研究西米淀粉糊流变性、抗剪切能力、触变性以及温度、浓度和剪切速率对表观粘度的影响,为西米淀粉在食品行业的应用提供理论上的依据。结果表明:西米淀粉糊属于非牛顿流体。温度、浓度、剪切速率对流变性质均有影响,在同一浓度和剪切速率下,表观粘度随温度的增加而减小;在同一温度和剪切速率下,表观粘度随浓度的增加而增加;在同一温度和浓度条件下,淀粉糊的表观粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小。西米淀粉糊属于剪切稀化体系,抗剪切能力优于马铃薯淀粉糊和木薯淀粉糊;淀粉糊粘度随剪切速率增大的上行线与随剪切速率减小的下行线之间存在滞后圈,说明西米淀粉糊具有触变性。     

西米淀粉的流变特性

简述了西米淀粉一些基本的物理性能和流变性能，如溶解性、膨胀性、流动特性、冻融稳定性、存储特性等，并对一些特殊流变现象产生的机理进行了初步的论述。     

西米交联淀粉的理化性质

以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,采用水分散法制备西米交联淀粉,利用扫描电镜、聚焦光束发射测量仪、Bra-bender快速黏度计和紫外分光光度计对其性质进行测定和分析,并与西米原淀粉进行比较。结果表明:西米交联淀粉发生了中等程度的交联;西米交联淀粉保持了西米原淀粉绝大多数颗粒完整、呈椭圆形、存在断切面和断切面处有凹坑的形貌特征,但其表面比较粗糙,有凹痕,且断切面处凹坑更加明显;西米交联淀粉颗粒粒径分布图呈单峰,在水相中的平均粒径为30.1μm,比西米原淀粉颗粒小;西米交联淀粉比西米原淀粉难于糊化,其热稳定性和冷糊稳定性均优于西米原淀粉,有很高的最终黏度;西米交联淀粉的透光率为5.1%,小于西米原淀粉,其透明度较差。     

西米醋酸酯淀粉物化性质研究

利用扫描电子显微镜、聚焦光束反射测量仪,红外光谱仪和布拉班德粘度计对西米醋酸酯淀粉性质进行测定和分析,并与马铃薯醋酸酯淀粉进行比较。结果表明:马铃薯淀粉较西米淀粉更易引入乙酰基,乙酰化后淀粉颗粒形状未发生大的改变,西米原淀粉粒度分布为单峰,而马铃薯原淀粉粒度分布为双峰,前者平均粒径大于后者,乙酰化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉粒径均增大;经醋酸酐酯化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉起糊温度、峰值温度及峰值粘度均降低,热稳定性增加,凝沉性变弱。     

西米淀粉结构及消化特性

以马铃薯淀粉和红薯淀粉作为参照,用Englyst法测定西米淀粉的消化特性,并研究其成糊特性、直链淀粉含量、分子链长分布以及脂肪含量与消化特性的关系。结果表明：与马铃薯淀粉和红薯淀粉相比,西米淀粉具有较高含量的快消化淀粉（90.32%）和较低的抗消化淀粉含量（3.27%）。西米淀粉样品较低的脂肪含量（0.11%）、较高的短链含量（聚合度10～30,83.57%）、较低的长链含量（聚合度＞55,0.80%）,较高的直链淀粉含量（29.3%）和较低的终值黏度（1 096.67 mPa·s）。对消化特性起主要影响作用的因素有链长分布、直链淀粉含量和脂肪含量。     

西米柠檬酸酯淀粉物化性质研究

利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、聚焦光束反射测量仪、X射线衍射仪和布拉班德粘度计对西米柠檬酸酯淀粉性质进行测定和分析,并与西米原淀粉进行比较。结果表明,西米淀粉经柠檬酸酯化后,其表面被侵蚀,甚至有颗粒已破碎;酯化后淀粉颗粒平均粒径从30.8μm减至27.1μm;柠檬酸酰基引入会破坏淀粉颗粒结晶,淀粉相对结晶度从24.5%显著降至11.6%;通过对淀粉糊粘度分析发现,西米淀粉与柠檬酸在酯化作用下发生交联,其浆液在粘度测定过程中不发生糊化和胶凝。     

西米淀粉的物化性质研究

研究了西米淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌及糊化、透明度、老化方面的性质,并与木薯和马铃薯进行了比较。结果表明,西米淀粉的蛋白质含量为0.21%,直链淀粉含量为28%,颗粒为椭圆形,西米淀粉的起糊温度为70.3℃,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性比薯类淀粉弱,西米淀粉的透明度为57.5%,比薯类淀粉易老化。为进一步了解西米淀粉的特性及应用开发提供了一定的理论依据。      

西米淀粉的物化性质研究

研究了西米淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌及糊化、透明度、老化方面的性质,并与木薯和马铃薯进行了比较。结果表明,西米淀粉的蛋白质含量为0.21%,直链淀粉含量为28%,颗粒为椭圆形,西米淀粉的起糊温度为70.3℃,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性比薯类淀粉弱,西米淀粉的透明度为57.5%,比薯类淀粉易老化。为进一步了解西米淀粉的特性及应用开发提供了一定的理论依据。     

西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构表征及性质研究

采用现代仪器分析方法对西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构特征、颗粒形貌、粒径分布、乳化性、糊粘度等性质进行了测定和研究,并以西米原淀粉作为参照。结果表明,西米淀粉经辛烯基琥珀酸酐处理后,产品的红外光谱在1570cm-1和1714cm-1处出现新的吸收峰,608cm-1处吸收峰加强;颗粒表面受到损害,形状发生不规则变化;颗粒粒径分布不均,平均粒径大于西米原淀粉;乳化能力和乳化稳定性有显著提高;糊粘度明显增大,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性较弱。为进一步研究西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的开发应用提供了一定理论依据。     

不同品种芸豆淀粉及其抗性淀粉结构和物化特性比较

探究不同品种芸豆淀粉、抗性淀粉的结构特征和理化性质。以不同品种芸豆为原料,分别采用碱法和压热酶解法制备芸豆淀粉及其抗性淀粉,利用扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、RVA黏度仪等研究不同品种芸豆淀粉和抗性淀粉的分子结构及物化特性。结果表明:与原淀粉相比,抗性淀粉颗粒形貌及晶型结构改变;芸豆淀粉及抗性淀粉官能团和化学键组成相同。红芸豆淀粉糊化温度最低、最终黏度和回生值较高;与淀粉相比,各抗性淀粉糊化温度显著升高,糊黏度降低,芸豆淀粉及抗性淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度均与温度呈正相关,芸豆抗性淀粉的冻融稳定性降低。结论:不同品种芸豆淀粉分子结构特征相同,物化特性不同;压热酶解改变抗性淀粉颗粒形貌及晶型结构;不同品种芸豆抗性淀粉物化特性不同。     

不同化学方法制备的抗性淀粉理化性质及表征研究

本文以红薯淀粉为原料,采用三种化学方法制备抗性淀粉。研究酶解性、持水性、透明度、溶解度、膨润度和冻融性等理化指标,并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱进行表征分析。结果表明,淀粉被α-淀粉酶解4 h释放0.79 g还原糖,酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉和交联淀粉释放0.18、0.21和0.33 g还原糖,证明抗性淀粉具有较强抗酶解性;三种抗性淀粉持水性高于淀粉,醚化淀粉持水性最高;酯化淀粉比原淀粉透光率、溶解度和膨润度提高103.05%、14.56%、13.94%,醚化淀粉提高334.11%、356.97%、124.73%,交联淀粉却降低54.54%、67.75%、31.51%;三种抗性淀粉冻融性优于原淀粉,醚化淀粉冻融性最佳;原淀粉颗粒表面光滑,呈规律圆形,酯化淀粉和交联淀粉内外结构被破坏,失去原有形貌,醚化淀粉仍保持原淀粉原有形貌;红外图谱证明酯化淀粉引入乙酰基基团,醚化淀粉引入羧甲基基团,磷酸交联淀粉引入磷酸基团。     

Antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of partially hydrolyzed sago starch-alginate edible film containing lemongrass oil

ABSTRACT:  Edible films were prepared from a mixture of partially hydrolyzed sago starch and alginate (SA). Lemongrass oil (0.1% to 0.4%, v/w) and glycerol (0% and 20%, w/w) were incorporated in the films to act as natural antimicrobial agent and plasticizer, respectively. The films were characterized for antimicrobial activity, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), percent elongation at break (%E), and water solubility (WS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was conducted to determine functional group interactions between the matrix and lemongrass oil. The zone of inhibition was increased significantly ( P < 0.05) by addition of lemongrass oil at all levels in the presence and the absence of glycerol. This indicates that the film containing lemongrass oil was effective against Escherichia coli O157:H7 at all levels. In the absence of glycerol, the tensile strength of film decreased as the oil content increased, but there was no significant ( P > 0.05) difference in percent elongation. The percent elongation at break and WVP values for film with 20% glycerol was found to be increased significantly ( P < 0.05) with an increase in lemongrass oil content. Addition of lemongrass oil did not have any interaction with the functional groups of films as measured by FTIR.     

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles,pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

Cationic sago starches were prepared using an aqueous alkaline process with different levels of cationic reagent 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (0.01–0.10 M ), sodium hydroxide (0.03–0.86 M ) and reaction temperature (30–62 °C). The degree of substitution (DS), reaction efficiency, thermal and pasting properties of cationic sago starches were analysed. Emulsifying and fat binding properties of native sago starch, cationized sago starch and commercial chitosan were compared at two different pH values (4 and 7). Degree of substitution increased with an increase in concentration of cationic reagent or NaOH, or reaction temperature. The reaction efficiency was proportional to the concentration of NaOH and reaction temperature but inversely proportional to the cationic reagent concentration. The highest DS and reaction efficiency achieved was 0.06 and 79%, respectively. The pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of cationic starch (DS 0.06) were lower compared with native sago starch. Cationization increased the peak viscosity and breakdown of the starch paste but decreased the setback. The presence of cationic groups significantly increased emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity of sago starch. However, the cationic sago starch was still inferior to chitosan, which showed the highest emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity. There was no significant difference between the surface tension values of native and cationic sago starch and chitosan. The influence of pH on emulsifying properties was not significant. The emulsion stability of the cationic sago starch improved due to an increase in viscosity and fat binding capacity but not its surface active property. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

香蕉成熟度对抗性淀粉理化性能的影响

本文提取了大蕉和皇帝蕉两个品种的5个成熟度抗性淀粉,考察了香蕉成熟度对抗性淀粉持水性、溶解度、膨胀度、碘吸收曲线、黏度特性等理化指标的影响。结果表明:大蕉和皇帝蕉成熟度越高,抗性淀粉持水性呈现先增加后下降的趋势,温度升高时差异显著,皇帝蕉抗性淀粉的持水性优于大蕉抗性淀粉;大蕉和皇帝蕉的溶解度随着成熟度的增加而增加,膨胀度无显著变化;随成熟度的增加,大蕉和皇帝蕉抗性淀粉碘吸收曲线峰面积减小,前三级成熟度抗性淀粉峰值黏度和最终黏度随成熟度增加而降低,且大蕉抗性淀粉较皇帝蕉抗性淀粉不易老化。因此,香蕉抗性淀粉的溶解度、膨胀度较低,持水性和抗老化性均较好,作为一种新型淀粉资源,具有广阔的开发和应用前景。      

添加抗性淀粉对质构米理化性质及食用品质的影响

以高抗性玉米淀粉和大米淀粉为原料,改良单螺杆挤压技术,采用螺旋挤压法制备了质构米,考察了抗性淀粉添加量对质构米抗性淀粉蒸煮稳定性、膨润力、溶解度、硬度、粘性和食用品质的影响。结果表明:高抗性玉米淀粉添加量为12.5%、25%、37.5%、50%的质构米,所含抗性淀粉质量分数分别为4.59%±0.14%、9.21%±0.19%、13.80%±0.22%、18.39%±0.27%,蒸煮后保留率达93.43%～95.37%。抗性淀粉添加量增加,质构米膨润力降低,溶解度增大,米饭硬度增加,粘性下降,显著影响质构米的外观、味道、粘度、硬度和食味的感官得分(p<0.05),对气味无显著性影响。25%添加量的质构米食用品质最优,以质量比1∶1混和精白米后,米饭较基因育种高抗米饭有更高的感官得分。若强调产品功能性,推荐抗性淀粉添加量为50%。