1-甲基环丙烯处理对台湾青枣果实采后病害的抑制

为研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对果实病害与抗病性诱导的影响,采用1.8μL/L 1-MCP处理“中青”台湾青枣果实12 h后在(15±1)℃下贮藏。定期观察果实腐烂和病害情况,测定总酚、木质素含量及抗病相关酶[β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、几丁质酶(CHI)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)]活性的变化。结果表明:1-MCP处理在贮藏前期诱导了台湾青枣果实病程相关蛋白(GLU和CHI)活性上升,两者协同作用直接抵抗病原体;同时,1-MCP处理还诱导了台湾青枣果实PAL活性上升,增加了细胞内木质素和总酚含量的积累,有利于形成间接抵抗病原体的结构性障碍;1-MCP处理的果实腐烂指数和病害指数显著低于对照,台湾青枣果实采后1-MCP处理减轻了果实贮藏期间病害的发生,减少采后腐烂损失。这些结果说明1-MCP抑制台湾青枣果实采后病害与其诱导抗病相关酶活性的升高有关。     

1-甲基环丙烯和二氧化氯复合处理对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

为探讨冬枣绿色保鲜新技术,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)与二氧化氯(chlorine dioxide,ClO2)单独及复合处理[3μL/L 1-MCP与100μL/L ClO2熏蒸、4℃条件下贮藏]对冬枣采后生理和贮藏特性的影响,贮藏过程中每10 d测定转色、腐烂、硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物(total soluble solids,TSS)、可滴定酸(titratable acid,TA)、维生素C(vitamin C,VC)、总酚、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率的情况。研究结果表明:1-MCP或ClO2单独处理都能有效延缓果实转色,减少果实腐烂,保持果实较高的含水量、硬度、TSS含量、TA含量、VC含量、总酚含量、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率,提高采后冬枣果实的贮藏品质。与单独1-MCP及ClO2处理相比,1-MCP复合ClO2处理的保鲜效果更佳,可作为采后冬枣保鲜的有效手段。     

1-甲基环丙烯处理对樱桃番茄果实低温贮藏品质的影响

为了探讨低温贮藏条件下1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理对樱桃番茄果实采后品质的影响,该研究以'粉娇'樱桃番茄为试材,测定了经1-MCP(0.14μL/L)处理的樱桃番茄在低温[(8±1)℃]贮藏期间果实腐烂率、呼吸强度、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、有机酸和类胡萝卜素含量的...     

Control of Postharvest Quality in Blueberry Fruit by Combined 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and UV-C Irradiation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) combined with UV-C irradiation on postharvest quality of blueberry fruit (Vaccinium spp. Berkeley) stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 8 days. Respiration rate, ethylene production, decay incidence, softness, color, total anthocyanin content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, titratable acid content, soluble solid content, peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and catalase (CAT) of treated blueberry fruit were examined. The results indicated that treatment with 1-MCP plus UV-C irradiation inhibited respiration rate, ethylene production, decay incidence, and MDA content. The combined treatment also delayed softness, color, titratable acid, and soluble solid content and improved total anthocyanin content of blueberries throughout the storage period at 4 ± 1 °C compared to the untreated samples. The efficiency of the combined treatment (1-MCP + UV-C irradiation) was better than that of 1-MCP or UV-C irradiation alone. Furthermore, combination of 1-MCP and UV-C irradiation effectively enhanced PAL and CAT activities and inhibited the increasing of POD activity in blueberries. Therefore, our results shows that 1-MCP plus UV-C irradiation treatments may be a useful method in maintaining commercial quality and extending shelf life of blueberries.     

1-MCP对采后果实贮藏品质影响的研究进展

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)为一种新型乙烯受体抑制剂,具有延缓果实衰老作用。它通过与乙烯受体蛋白的不可逆的竞争结合,干扰乙烯与其受体上的金属离子正常结合而在激素水平上影响果实对乙烯的响应。本文就1-MCP处理分别对呼吸跃变型和非呼吸跃变型果实采后生理及品质的效应以及对贮藏病害的影响进行了综述,旨为1-MCP绿色安全果实保鲜剂的应用推广提供技术思路。1-MCP对果实保鲜具有双向调节作用,1-MCP对采后果实的贮藏品质影响与其使用浓度、处理时间、处理方法及不同种类果实、呼吸漂移类型、采收期、贮藏温度等多种因素密切相关。     

1-甲基环丙烯结合植酸处理对菠菜保鲜效果的影响

菠菜采后贮藏过程中易出现氧化失水、萎蔫腐烂导致损耗严重等问题,基于此,本实验采用保鲜剂1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）与植酸（phytic acid,PA）处理采后菠菜,探究保鲜剂对菠菜的生理及贮藏品质的影响。先通过不同剂量（0、1、2、4μL/L）1-MCP和不同质量分数（0、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%）PA单独处理菠菜,确定最适1-MCP剂量和PA质量分数,之后选择最适剂量（1μL/L）1-MCP和适宜质量分数（0.1%）PA分别单独处理及1μL/L 1-MCP+0.1%PA复合处理菠菜,于室温（20±1）℃、相对湿度80%～90%条件下贮藏,用无保鲜剂处理的菠菜作为对照。以腐烂指数、质量损失率、叶绿素相对含量、可溶性固形物质量分数、乙烯释放量、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率为评价指标,分析1μL/L 1-MCP、0.1%PA单独处理及1μL/L 1-MCP+0.1%PA复合处理对菠菜采后生理及贮藏过程中相关理化...     

1-MCP应用于芒果贮藏保鲜的研究进展

呼吸跃变型水果芒果对乙烯非常敏感。1-MCP是一种有效的乙烯作用抑制剂,它能抑制乙烯所诱导的与果实后熟相关的一系列生理生化反应,进而延缓采后呼吸跃变型果实的衰老进程,保持果实的贮藏品质。综述了1-MCP的作用机理及1-MCP对采后芒果的呼吸速率、乙烯产量、果实品质及生理病害等生理生化指标的研究现状,同时介绍了1-MCP结构类似物以及1-MCP结合其他保鲜方法的应用情况,并对1-MCP应用前景进行了展望,以期为1-MCP在芒果贮藏保鲜中的应用和研究提供参考。     

1-MCP结合冰温贮藏对葡萄采后品质及相关生理代谢的调控

以“乍娜”葡萄为试材,研究0.5μL/L和1.5μL/L 2个用量的1-MCP处理结合冰温贮藏(温度－0.3℃±0.3℃)对葡萄采后主要品质及相关生理指标的作用效果。结果表明：冰温贮藏结合2个浓度的1-MCP处理均可在不同程度上提高葡萄贮藏好果率并降低质量损失率和果梗褐变指数,抑制葡萄果穗呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率的增加,并能够有效抑制果实丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)活性的增加,保持或增大超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)的活性;1μL/L 1-MCP处理结合冰温贮藏作用效果较好,使葡萄贮期较普通冷库对照延长20d。综上所述,适宜浓度的1-MCP处理结合冰温贮藏有利于提高葡萄采后贮藏品质和果实抗性、延缓果实衰老,在鲜食葡萄无硫保鲜方面具有非常好的应用前景。     

Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit. RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence. CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Postharvest Storage Quality in Green Bell Pepper Fruit

The goal of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on maintaining the quality parameters and antioxidant activity of bell pepper cv. Selika (an original red cultivar) and cv. H1530 (??ever-green?? line) after 18?days storage at 7°C and 3?days at 20°C. Fruits were harvested at green color, from a commercial shade net house in the desert region in Israel. In both cultivars, 600?nL?L^?1 1-MCP reduced weight loss and maintained firmness more than control or 900?nL?L^?1 1-MCP. Overall, 1-MCP treatment had a pronounced effect on delaying ripening processes as shown by inhibiting color changes, decreasing decay, and maintaining quality of non-climacteric green pepper fruit. 1-MCP treatment reduced the lipophilic antioxidant activity of this fruit, but the hydrophilic antioxidant activity remained similar to that observed at harvest.     

预冷方式对长枣保鲜效果的影响

为了探究不同预冷方式对长枣保鲜效果的影响,本实验采用真空、压差和冷库预冷处理长枣,分析（1±1）℃贮藏期间长枣品质及抗氧化酶活力的变化。结果表明,与未预冷相比,3 种预冷处理均抑制了长枣的质量损失和软化,维持了可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸质量分数及抗坏血酸含量,延缓了丙二醛积累和细胞膜透性增加。同时,预冷处理通过提高抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力增强了细胞抗氧化能力,延缓了果实的氧化褐变和衰老。其中,压差预冷与其他处理组相比,能更显著抑制丙二醛积累和细胞膜透性增加,抑制细胞膜脂质过氧化保护细胞结构,同时维持较高的抗氧化酶活力,抵御氧化胁迫,抑制褐变,从而维持较高的贮藏品质,保鲜效果更佳。主成分分析结果进一步证明,压差预冷处理长枣贮藏稳定性更高,保鲜效果优于真空预冷和冷库预冷。综上所述,压差预冷能够有效维持长枣贮藏品质,延缓成熟和衰老进程。     

1-MCP对果蔬采后抗病性的诱导及机理

1-MCP(1-甲基环丙稀)是新型乙烯作用抑制剂,能延长许多果蔬产品货架寿命和品质。1-MCP也与果蔬采后病害有着十分密切的关系,能够诱导多种植物的抗病性,采后1-MCP处理可以有效降低苹果、鳄梨、菠萝、草莓和李果实等多种果蔬的采后病害。1-MCP的诱导机理主要涉及促进病程相关蛋白产生、活化酚类物质代谢、诱导活性氧积累等方面。本文对1-MCP在果蔬采后抗病性诱导的现状及机理做了综述。     

纸片型1-MCP处理对安溪油柿果实采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

研究了纸片型1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理对安溪油柿果实采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。采后安溪油柿果实用1.35 μL/L的1-MCP处理12 h后,在（20±1）℃、相对湿度85%下贮藏。结果表明：与对照相比,1-MCP处理能有效降低采后安溪油柿果实呼吸强度;抑制果实表面色度a*值、b*值、C*值、L*值和色调角h的变化,抑制果皮叶绿素含量下降和类胡萝卜素含量上升,降低果实转红指数,并保持较好的果实外观色泽;此外,1-MCP处理能保持较高的果实硬度及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖、蔗糖、还原糖质量分数和VC、单宁含量,减少果实质量损失。因此认为,1.35 μL/L纸片型1-MCP处理可有效延缓采后安溪油柿果实后熟衰老、改善果实贮藏品质。     

The Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Postharvest Life of Sessile Joyweed (Alternanthera Sessilis)

Sessile Joyweed (Alteranthera sessilis) which is commonly known as Mukunuvenna in Sri Lanka, is the most widely produced and most popular of nine leafy vegetables cultivated and sold on a commercial scale in Sri Lanka. This is primarily consumed locally, while only a small quantity is exported. However, the shelf life of Mukunuvenna is as low about 3-4 days due to leaf yellowing and wilting. Consumers prefer green and turgid leafy vegetables and thus the loss is considerably high after wilting and yellowing. Ethylene is a critical problem in leaf senescence. Minute concentrations such as 1 μL/L ethylene can affect leaf yellowing significantly. Thus, an ethylene blocker, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which is now commonly being used in the fruit industry, can be considered as an effective solution for extending the postharvest life of A. sessilis. It is not toxic and environmentally friendly thus safe with edible produce. The present study was done, with the objective of investigating effects of 1-MCP on postharvest life and sensory qualities. Two experiments were conducted for several dosages (concentration × time) to investigate the shelf-life performances and processed A. sessilis samples were used to check sensory qualities such as taste, smell, texture and colour.Samples treated with 1-MCP showed high levels of chlorophyll, lower yellowing and higher overall quality. Postharvest life of treated samples increased by 1 full-day (25% increase) under the room temperature. 1-MCP, 5 ppm for 8 hour duration showed promising results. However, the obtained results did not show a specific treatment combination as the best treatment and 1-MCP did not alter the sensory qualities of the processed product.     

1-MCP对净皮甜石榴的冷藏保鲜效果

对陕西临潼净皮甜石榴采后用不同浓度(0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L)1-MCP处理后于4℃冷藏,定期测定了部分采后生理指标并统计果实的腐烂情况。结果表明,1-MCP处理能维持果实相对较高水平的有机酸含量、出汁率和花青苷含量,抑制了石榴果皮相对电导率的上升速率,降低了石榴的乙烯释放速率,从而延缓果实的衰老,有效降低了冷藏期和货架期石榴的腐烂率与腐烂指数。在0.25～1.5μL/L的1-MCP浓度范围内,处理浓度越低,果实品质和保鲜效果越好。     

1-MCP和UV-C处理对采后苹果抗氧化活性的影响

以红富士苹果为试材,研究了2 μL/L 1-MCP和2.5 kJ/m2短波紫外线(UV-C)处理对苹果在4 ℃下贮藏过程中品质、次生代谢物合成以及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:1-MCP和UV-C处理后的苹果经贮藏28 d后,能提高果实中抗坏血酸含量,增加了酚类物质和类黄酮物质的含量,从而较好的保持了果实的营养品质和贮藏特性。1-MCP联合UV-C处理显著(p<0.05)提高了苹果果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,降低了H₂O₂含量和O₂-·的产生速率。2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)法和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法均表明1-MCP联合UV-C处理显著提高了苹果果实的抗氧化能力,且总酚和类黄酮含量与抗氧化能力呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),相关系数最高分别达0.879和0.715。由此说明,1-MCP和UV-C处理能提高苹果果实的抗氧化能力,改善果实的营养品质,延缓果实的衰老,研究结果为苹果的贮藏保鲜提供了一定的实验依据。     

1-甲基环丙烯及仲丁胺对枇杷贮藏效果的影响

探讨1-MCP (1- 甲基环丙烯)及仲丁胺(2-AB)对枇杷采后处理的效果,以延长其贮藏期及货架期。采用“大红袍”枇杷为试材,研究在4℃冷藏条件下,采用不同剂量1-MCP 加上相同剂量0.1mL/L 2-AB 对枇杷进行熏蒸处理,定期观察果实好果率、失水率、总糖、VC、可溶性固形物、呼吸强度、多酚氧化酶及过氧化物酶活性的变化。结果表明：在固定浓度为0.1mL/L 2-AB 时,20mL/L 1-MCP 处理对枇杷的保鲜效果最佳,可显著抑制果实呼吸强度, PPO 和POD 活性,从而抑制果实的后熟与衰老,降低枇杷果实的失水率,保持较高的好果率,延缓总糖、VC 含量的下降,有利于枇杷品质的保持,贮藏64d 果实外观色泽鲜艳,品质良好,保鲜效果理想。     

水杨酸用于水果采后贮藏保鲜的研究进展

综述近年来使用水杨酸减少水果腐烂、延缓采后果实成熟衰老、保持果实品质、增强果实抗冷害性能和诱导采后果实对病原菌的抗性等方面的研究进展,并展望水杨酸用于水果采后贮藏保鲜的趋势和研究方向.     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of postharvest persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit

Postharvest persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Qiandaowuhe) was stored at 20 °C after being exposed to 3 μl l⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h or not (control). Several parameters (firmness, respiration and ethylene production, pectic substances and cell wall hydrolysis enzymes activities) were examined to determine the efficacy of 1-MCP treatment in delaying persimmon fruit ripening. Results showed that ‘Qiandaowuhe’ persimmon fruit displayed a typical climacteric pattern of respiration and ethylene production. Peak CO₂ production and ethylene production was observed on the fourth day. Fruit softening was accompanied by a progressive increase in water-soluble pectic substances (WSP) and a progressive decrease in chelator-soluble pectic substances (CSP) and alkali-soluble pectic substances (ASP). The activities of pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) started increasing sharply and reached a maximal value on days 4 and 6, respectively, and then decreased slowly. 1-MCP treatment delayed the onset of climacteric ethylene production and respiration in persimmon fruit, and also significantly retarded the activities of PME and PG during ripening at 20 °C. Consistent with the activity trends of cell wall hydrolysis enzymes, 1-MCP treatment also delayed the depolymerization of CSP and ASP and reduced the increase of WSP compared with the control fruit. Thus, application of 1-MCP can greatly extend the postharvest life of ‘Qiandaowuhe’ persimmon fruit.     

采前水杨酸结合采后1-MCP处理对李果实贮藏期品质及抗氧化能力的影响

探究采前水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)结合采后1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)处理对李子采后保鲜效果的影响.以李子为试材,研究采前SA(1.0 mmol/L)结合采后1-MCP处理(1μL/L)对李子贮藏期间腐烂率、失重率、硬度、丙二醛、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量、H2O2含量...