鲜奶超声波除菌条件的优化

研究了经不同功率、时间、温度的超声波处理后鲜乳的杀菌效果,并研究了处理后牛乳的保藏期.结果表明:经600W,180s,60℃超声波处理的鲜乳,杀菌率达93%,并且对乳的营养成分无破坏作用,而且在4℃条件下保藏期迭8d左右仍具有较好的品质.     

超声波技术在ESL奶中的应用

研究了超声波结合热杀菌技术对鲜乳处理后，4℃贮藏条件下牛乳货架期间的品质变化情况。经测定牛奶的菌落总数、大肠杆菌及酸度等多种指标后，结果表明用频率为50kHz，温度为60℃超声波对牛乳杀菌60s后，再用温度为76℃的热处理杀菌15min后牛奶的品质保持最好．且在4℃贮藏条件下，牛乳的贮藏期达18d左右。     

超声波和巴氏杀菌后樱桃番茄汁的品质变化动力学

以鲜榨樱桃番茄汁为原料,研究其分别经巴氏杀菌（85 ℃、15 min）和超声波杀菌（200 W、40 ℃、30 min）后的品质动力学变化。杀菌后的樱桃番茄汁分别贮藏在不同温度条件下（0、4、10、15、20 ℃）,每隔一定时间测定其色泽、VC含量和菌落总数。结果表明：2 种杀菌方式后樱桃番茄汁的色泽随着贮藏时间的延长和贮藏温度的升高变化越明显;以VC含量变化为指标,在0～10 ℃条件下,超声波杀菌比巴氏杀菌的货架期延长了3.8～4 d;以菌落总数为评价指标,2 种杀菌方式的货架期差异不显著,菌落总数的变化符合一级反应模型,该模型可准确预测0～20 ℃各贮藏温度条件下的货架期。鲜榨樱桃番茄汁在0～10 ℃条件下贮藏,经超声波杀菌推荐货架期为6～9 d,经巴氏杀菌推荐货架期为6～8 d。     

不同巴氏杀菌条件对酸奶品质的影响

在不同巴氏杀菌温度、时间条件下处理原料乳,以黏度、硬度、乳清析出率、pH值及感官评分为指标,研究巴氏杀菌条件对酸奶及其贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明：原料乳杀菌在一定范围内加热温度高(高于80℃)、时间较长(大于5min)有利于提高酸奶的黏度、硬度,降低乳清析出率,稳定贮藏期间的质构、pH值及感官特征。在本实验设置的6组原料乳巴氏杀菌条件(A1：60～70℃,30min;A2：70～80℃,20min;A3：80～90℃,15min;A4：90～95℃,10min;A5：95～100℃,5min;A6：121～130℃,10s)中,样品A3和A4的酸奶黏度和凝乳硬度较高,乳清析出率低,口感风味好,且在贮藏期间能保持较好的质构和风味特征。     

超声波在原料乳保鲜中应用的研究

研究了利用不同杀菌频率、杀菌时间和杀菌温度的超声波对原料进行处理。结果表明，经50kHz，60s，60℃超声波处理的原料乳，杀菌率达87％，对营养物质无任何破坏作用，在15℃条件下保鲜45h，仍有优良的感官性能。     

热-超声波联合对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的杀菌效果研究

研究了32~52℃条件下,热处理以及热-超声波联合处理对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的杀菌效果,分析了温度对热-超声波联合杀菌效果的影响。结果表明:32~52℃热处理杀菌效果远远达不到卫生标准;而热-超声波联合作用杀菌效果显著增强,在52℃下,190、380、570W分别处理40、30min和30min即可达到平板菌落计数法检测限;在热-超声波联合处理中,较低温度(32~47℃)对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的杀菌效果贡献较小,杀菌效果主要取决于超声波作用;而致死温度(52℃)体现协同杀菌效应,增强杀菌效果,提高杀菌速率。     

超高压处理对草莓汁贮藏期微生物及品质的影响

本文研究了超高压杀菌处理(600 MPa,20 min)和热处理(95℃,10 min)对4℃和25℃贮藏35 d的草莓汁中微生物及品质的影响。结果表明,超高压处理的草莓汁在贮藏期内可确保微生物的安全性;草莓汁亮度L*、黄度值b*、色差△E、p H值、可溶性固形物和总酚含量变化不显著,然而均优于热处理;4℃和25℃下草莓汁的红度值a*和花色苷含量有显著影响(P0.05);4℃下各品质指标的变化幅度小于25℃的变化幅度;超高压处理结合低温贮藏可以较好地保持草莓汁的品质,处理效果总体优于热杀菌。     

超声波对液态奶中枯草芽孢杆菌的杀菌作用

利用超声波协同热处理对液态奶中的枯草芽孢杆菌进行杀菌实验,并与传统方法做比较。研究了经不同功率、时间、温度的超声波处理后液态奶的杀菌效果。结果表明:经1400 W,180 s,60℃条件下杀菌率达到了97.96%,经1400 W,60 s,60℃条件下杀菌率达到了96.77%,达到了巴氏杀菌的效果。同时,该条件下超声作用后再经巴氏处理,杀菌率达到98.71%,对比于巴氏杀菌,其菌落数降低了60.24%。与热杀菌相比,超声波杀菌温度低,时间短,效率高。     

超声波作用对小麦抗性淀粉形成影响

以小麦淀粉为原料,通过超声波结合酶法制备抗性淀粉,研究超声波作用对抗性淀粉形成影响。结果表明,超声波对抗性淀粉形成最佳工艺条件为:淀粉乳浓度15%、超声波功率225 W、超声波温度50℃、作用时间50 min;在此条件下,小麦RS3得率为8.379%,比未经超声波作用得率2.91%提高约2.88倍。     

不同压力处理大米制得米饭冷藏期间的品质变化

研究了冷藏条件下不同压力处理大米制得米饭品质的变化。大米在温度40℃、米水比(m/m)1:2的条件下浸泡40 min,并在15℃下分别经200、400、600 MPa处理10 min,浸泡后未经超高压处理的大米为对照试验组,随后蒸煮15 min制成米饭,保鲜膜密封后置于4℃下贮藏7 d,每天对米饭品质相关指标进行测定,并与感官鉴评结果比较。结果表明:超高压米饭的硬度上升较缓慢;黏着性、碘蓝值、p H下降均较快;透光率、白度(W)的上升均较快。400、600 MPa米饭水分含量的变化幅度较大。贮藏期间,200 MPa米饭的W和碘蓝值均最高,p H值最低,感官评分较低。400 MPa米饭的硬度、p H值和W均较低,感官评分接近对照。600MPa米饭的硬度较高,W较低,碘蓝值的下降和透光率的上升均最快,感官评分最低且下降速率最快。总体来说,大米200、400、600 MPa处理对米饭冷藏品质的影响都是弊大于利。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.