激光共焦显微镜观察长期配戴软性角膜接触镜者的角膜缘改变

目的探讨应用激光共焦显微镜观察长期配戴软性角膜接触镜者角膜缘改变的情况。方法2004年10至11月及2006年5至10月期间在北京大学第一医院眼科接受屈光手术术前检查者和常规体检者中选取22例有屈光不正并配戴软性角膜接触镜10年以上者（22只眼,年龄23～50岁）作为长期戴镜组;另选取38例有屈光不正但未配戴角膜接触镜者（38只眼,年龄18～52岁）作为未戴镜对照组。常规裂隙灯显微镜检查后,用激光共焦显微镜对受检眼上、下方角膜缘进行检查,各层角膜缘图像均被记录,观察组织结构和细胞形态,对细胞密度进行计数并分析。结果全部受检眼所获角膜缘各层图像均比较清晰。长期戴镜组角膜缘上皮细胞排列欠整齐,大小欠一致：22只眼中均有细胞间强反光点或强反光线出现,其中16只眼可见细胞间微囊形成。而未戴镜组角膜缘上皮细胞排列整齐,大小一致;38只眼中均未见细胞间强反光点或强反光线及微囊形成。长期戴镜组上方和下方角膜缘上皮下郎格罕细胞平均密度均分别高于未戴镜组（P〈0．05）。长期戴镜组22只眼的角膜缘基质中均可见圆形高反光点,未戴镜组38只眼中均未见此改变。长期戴镜组上方和下方角膜缘前基质细胞、后基质细胞平均密度及角膜缘基质层平均厚度均分别低于未戴镜组（P〈0．05）。结论长期配戴软性角膜接触镜可导致角膜缘上皮细胞间微囊形成、上皮下郎格罕细胞平均密度增高、基质内沉积物微粒出现及基质细胞密度减少等角膜缘系列改变。（中华腰科杂志,2007,43：514-518）     

佩戴角膜接触镜后角膜变化的激光共焦显微镜观察

目的 应用激光共焦显微镜对长期佩戴角膜软性接触镜的患者活体角膜的组织结构变化进行观察.方法 用激光共焦显微镜对长期佩戴角膜软性接触镜的15例患者进行检查,并选择未戴角膜接触镜者11例进行对照,对两组结果进行比较.结果 1.佩戴角膜软性接触镜组与对照组相比,基底上皮细胞密度减少,为3705.00±447.62个/mm2(P＜0.05),角膜上皮层厚度变薄,为54.3±8.44μm(P＜0.05),并有部分剥脱.2.佩戴角膜软性接触镜组角膜内出现白色点状物,朗汉氏细胞数目多,成树枝状改变.3.角膜软性接触镜组与对照组相比神经纤维数量及密度无明显变化(P＞0.05),但曲折度增加,有分支出现(P＜0.05).结论 佩戴角膜软性接触镜,角膜组织可发生一系列改变,激光共焦显微镜与传统光学共焦显微镜相比,图象清晰,深度定位准确,在疾病的早期诊断、治疗和研究中将起重要作用.     

长期配戴软性接触镜后角膜组织的病理改变

目的：探讨配戴不同时间软性接触镜( SCL)后对患者角膜组织的病理变化。
　　方法：应用共焦显微镜分别检查中低度近视SCL组(150例)和对照组(150例)戴镜1,3,5,8,10a以上的中央角膜和周边角膜的变化。
　　结果：戴镜5 a后SCL组中央角膜基底细胞密度低于对照组(P<0.05),上皮层可见微小囊泡及类似角膜营养不良的角膜小滴,上皮下Langerhans细胞密度及神经纤维曲折度大于对照组( P<0.05)。 SCL组中央角膜浅基质层细胞密度低于对照组(P<0.05),各组基质层中白色点状物密度均高于对照组( P<0.05)。 SCL组内皮细胞形态变化明显,但两组内皮细胞密度无差异( P>0.05)。 SCL组中央角膜上皮层厚度小于对照组(P<0.05)。
　　结论：SCL引起角膜组织的改变随戴镜时间的延长逐渐明显,且这种改变不容忽视。     

共焦显微镜评价长期配戴角膜接触镜对眼角膜组织的影响

目的应用共焦显微镜对长期配戴角膜接触镜患眼在不同时期的角膜组织的变化进行观察和分析。方法选择于大连医科大学附属一院眼科门诊进行检查的戴角膜接触镜患者47例（93眼1，年龄为17-38岁，屈光度为-1．75- 10．00D．平均日戴时间超过8h，戴镜时间为1～18年。分为三组：第一组（G1），戴镜时间5年以内者（含5年）；第二组（G2），戴镜时间5～10年者（含10年）；第三组（G3），戴镜时间10年以上者。另选择未戴角膜接触镜者15例（30眼）为第四组（G4），年龄为18～40岁，屈光度为-0．75～8．00D。共焦显微镜记录各层角膜图像,并对各层组织细胞形态、细胞密度等进行自动分析。四组间统计学分析采用单因素方差分析。结果①四组的角膜中央区Langerhans细胞密度分别为：（206．0±21．7）个/μm^2、（229．0±28．0）个／μm^2、（251．0±50．8）个／μm^2（154．0±36．7）个／μm^2。四组的角膜缘Langerhans细胞密度分别为：（308．0±76．4）个／μm^2、（364．0±53．9）个／μm^2．（417．0±83．6）个／μm^2、（254．0±127．0）个／μm^2。四组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②四组的角膜上皮厚度分别为：（51．2±4．5）μm、（45．6±2．7）μm、（43．5±5．0）μm、（53．6±2．5）μm。四组的前基质角膜细胞密度分别为：（1157．0±120．5）个／μm^2、（1094．0±103．0）个／μm^2、（1011．0±197．8）个／μm^2、（1187．0±139．0）个／μm^2。四组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）③四组的多形性内皮细胞百分比分别为：（36．2±1．7）％、（33．7±1．7）％、（32．8±1．5）％、（45．1±9．1）％四组的内皮细胞异形性百分比分别为：（56．5±3.4）％、（63．3±3．7）％、（64．2±7．11％、（45．8±12．2）％四组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）④四组的角膜全层厚度、后?     

正常人活体角膜组织结构的共焦显微镜观察

目的 用共焦显微镜对正常人活体角膜各层组织结构进行观察和分析。方法 ６０例（１２０只眼）正常人角膜分为３组。Ａ组：５～１４岁,２０例（４０只眼）;Ｂ组：１５～４５岁,２２例（４４只眼）;Ｃ组４６～７０岁,１８例（３６只眼）。共焦显微镜检查的各层角膜图像均被记录,并对各层组织细胞形态、细胞密度及面积的结果进行分析。结果 各层角膜细胞的面积和密度与性别和眼别无差异,Ｂ组和Ｃ组之间无差异。角膜表层上皮细     

角膜共焦显微镜评价翼状胬肉术后绷带式角膜接触镜的治疗效果

目的 应用角膜共焦显微镜技术评价翼状胬肉术后绷带式角膜接触镜的治疗效果.方法 前瞻性病例对照研究绷带式角膜接触镜(BCL)的治疗效果.选择翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术后患者40例(40只眼).随机分成两组,用角膜共焦显微镜观察评价两组患者角膜上皮愈合情况,术后疼痛值采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS).结果 基于角膜共焦显微镜的观察,角膜上皮平均愈合时间观察组为(3.8±1.1965)d,对照组为(5.1±1.5183)d,两组差异有统计学意义.VAS疼痛值观察组术后在各个时间点均低于对照组.结论 BCL可明显缩短翼状胬肉术后角膜上皮修复时间,减少患者术后疼痛,可作为翼状胬肉术后的辅助治疗措施.角膜共焦显微镜可以非侵入的观察眼表的活体组织结构,是监测胬肉术后角膜上皮愈合的理想工具.可为适时取出BCL提供参考.     

长期戴用软性接触镜后角膜内皮细胞的改变

目的：观察软性接触镜长期戴用后对角膜内皮细胞的影响,探讨如何提高ＳＣＬ使用的安全度。方法;利用非接触式角膜内皮显微镜（ＳＰ－５００,ＳＥＥＤ Ｃｏ．Ｌｔｄ）,观察长期戴用ＳＣＬ的４８只眼角与角膜内皮细胞的改变。分为日间戴镜组和连续过夜戴镜组,并分别探讨戴镜期间的长短与角膜内皮变化的关系。同年龄组正常非戴镜眼的角膜内皮细胞参数作为对照观察。     

激光共焦显微镜对正常人眼角膜缘和中央角膜的观察

目的应用激光共焦显微镜对正常人眼角膜缘和中央角膜的组织结构与细胞形态的观察和分析。方法选择15名正常人的28只眼接受常规裂隙灯显微镜和检眼镜检查后,作为正常健康眼入选本研究。使用激光共焦显微镜对其上、下方角膜缘和角膜中央区进行检查,各层角膜图像均被记录,观察组织结构和细胞形态,对细胞密度进行计数并分析。结果所获角膜缘和角膜中央各层平面图像(x,y轴)及纵向断层图像(z轴)均非常清晰,同时获取动态录像。上、下方角膜缘均呈现Vogt栅栏状结构,并动态观察到血细胞在血管内的流动。表层上皮细胞排列非常疏松,边界明亮,胞体发暗,上方和下方角膜缘表层上皮细胞平均密度分别为(812±297)个/mm2和(785±263)个/mm2,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。上皮下可见明亮的Langerhans细胞,形态不规则,呈树枝状,上方和下方角膜缘Langerhans细胞平均密度分别为(288±102)个/mm2和(254±127)/mm2,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。角膜中央表层上皮细胞排列疏松,边界发亮,胞体发暗,细胞平均密度为(1098±315)个/mm2,多于上方和下方角膜缘(P<0.05)。基底上皮细胞排列紧密。上皮下和前基质层可见反光强烈的神经纤维丛,旁边偶见明亮的Langerhans细胞,形态不规则,细胞密度难以计算。浅层的神经纤维细小、弯曲度大、多小分支,深层的神经纤维粗大、弯曲度小、少见分支。基质层暗背景下散在分布细长的基质细胞,边缘欠清,细胞核明亮呈纺锤形。内皮细胞为排列整齐的六边形细胞,胞体发亮,边界发暗。角膜中央全层、基质层、上皮层厚度分别为(543.0±62.9)、(462·0±69.5)、(59.9±11.2)μm。结论激光共焦显微镜不仅可以对角膜进行无创的、实时的、活体的检查,而且与传统的光学共焦显微镜相比,具有高清晰度、确切的深度定位、时间动态观察、纵向断层扫描等优势,更可提供理想的角膜缘图像,对角膜疾病尤其是角膜缘疾病的基础研究与临床诊断将更有价值。     

Sjoegren综合征患者的角膜激光共焦显微镜活体观察

目的应用激光共焦显微镜观察Sjoegren综合征（SS）患者角膜各层的形态改变。方法应用激光共焦显微镜对15例（30眼）SS患者和15例（30眼）同龄正常对照组的角膜进行检查，获取角膜全层图像，并进行比较、分析。结果与对照组相比，SS组角膜上皮各层细胞密度均明显下降，并出现炎性细胞和树突状细胞浸润。角膜基质细胞呈多突起星状，细胞体积增大，胞核反光减弱，胞质反光增强，浅基质出现炎性细胞浸润。SS组较对照组角膜上皮下神经纤维变细，弯曲度变大，走行方向明显改变，部分神经纤维断裂。结论SS患者不仅角膜上皮、浅基质细胞、上皮下神经出现明显改变，且角膜基质细胞形态与角膜免疫状态均出现异常。     

Morphology of corneal nerves in soft contact lens wear. A comparative study using confocal microscopy

The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal innervation in soft contact lens wearers using the Tomey Confoscan confocal microscope (40x/0.75 objective lens). Three distinct age- and sex-matched subject groups were involved, including extended soft (hydrogel and silicone-hydrogel) contact lens wearers, overnight soft (hydrogel) contact lens wearers, and non contact lens wearers. A number of variables were objectively measured, subjectively evaluated, or graded in order to investigate the distribution and morphology of corneal nerves. For most of the evaluated parameters, no statistically significant differences were found. However, qualitative observations showed noticeable differences in corneal nerve appearance among the different subject groups; the degree of corneal oedema was suggested as the main causative factor. In conclusion, neither the short-term (overnight wear) nor the long-term (12-month extended wear) soft contact lens wear appeared to affect the morphology and/or distribution of corneal nerves as viewed with confocal microscopy.     

长期配戴软性角膜接触镜者角结膜上皮的变化

目的:探讨软性角膜接触镜(soft contact lens,SCL)长期配戴者角结膜上皮的变化。方法:正常对照组35例70眼,病例组99例198眼均采用角膜荧光素染色(fluorescein vital staining,FLS)、结膜印迹细胞学检查(conjunctival impression cytology,CIC)等检查方法。依据SCL戴镜时间将SCL戴镜者区分为<5a组,5~10a组和>10a组,共3组。比较分析各组间的角膜荧光素染色、杯状细胞密度和结膜上皮鳞状化分级的差异。结果:SCL戴镜各组FLS记分、杯状细胞密度与结膜上皮鳞状化分级与正常对照组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);<5a组与5~10a组间,及<5a组与>10a组之间杯状细胞密度与结膜上皮鳞状化分级的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但5~10a组与>10a组之间杯状细胞密度与结膜上皮鳞状化分级的差异无统计学意义。结膜上皮鳞状化分级与FLS呈正相关(r=0.589,P<0.01);杯状细胞密度与FLS负相关(r=-0.351,P<0.01)。结论:长期配戴SCL会引起角膜上皮损伤和结膜上皮印迹细胞学改变,且戴镜时间越长,损害越大。     

Effects of contact lens wearing on keratoconus: a confocal microscopy observation

AIM: To evaluate the corneal cell morphology of new keratoconus patients wearing two different types of rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses for 1y. METHODS: Thirty nine eyes of 39 new keratoconus patients were selected and randomly fitted with two types of RGP contact lenses. Group 1 had 21 eyes with regular rigid gas-permeable (RRGP) contact lens and rest 18 eyes were in group 2 with specially designed rigid gas-permeable (SRGP) contact lens. Corneal cell morphology was evaluated using a slit scanning confocal microscope at no-lens wear and after 1y of contact lens wearing. RESULTS: After 1y of contact lens wearing in group 1, the mean anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte density were significantly less (P=0.006 and P=0.001, respectively) compared to no-lens wear. The mean cell area of anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte were also significantly different (P=0.005 and P=0.001) from no-lens wear. The anterior and posterior stromal haze increased by 18.74% and 23.81%, respectively after 1y of contact lens wearing. Whereas in group 2, statistically significant changes were observed only in cell density & area of anterior stroma (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) after 1y. While, level of anterior and posterior stromal haze increased by 16.67% and 11.11% after 1y of contact lens wearing. Polymegathism and pleomorphism also increased after 1y of contact lens wearing in both the contact lens groups. CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy observation shows the significant alterations in corneal cell morphology of keratoconic corneas wearing contact lenses especially in group 1. The type of contact lens must be carefully selected to minimize changes in corneal cell morphology.     

软性角膜接触镜对角膜形态的影响

目的 观察和分析软性角膜接触镜对角膜形态和屈光度的影响，指导屈光手术时间的选择。方法应用电子计算机辅助的角膜地形图检查仪，对术前佩戴角膜接触镜的患者50例100眼，分别于取镜后半月、1个月、2个月进行角膜地形图检查。结果软性角膜接触镜可引起角膜形态和屈光度的变化，角膜表面规则性降低。其主要表现为使角膜地形图发生不规则形和不对称领结形变化增多，这些变化多数于1个月左右恢复，部分长期戴角膜接触镜者恢复较慢。结论佩戴软性角膜接触镜情况有很大的个体差异，部分患者需较长时间才逐渐恢复。因此对戴角膜接触镜的患者进行屈光手术前，不仅要考虑停戴时间的长短，还应进行角膜地形图的多次对比分析。     

软性角膜接触镜治疗角膜溃疡穿孔的临床观察

目的:观察软性角膜接触镜治疗角膜溃疡穿孔的临床疗效。方法:对24例24眼角膜溃疡穿孔的患者采用配戴软性角膜接触镜治疗。其中细菌性14例14眼,病毒性8例8眼,真菌性2例2眼。戴镜期间根据不同病因选择联合用药,角膜镜配戴1wk清洗,3wk更换,角膜愈合后摘镜,随诊复查。结果:角膜溃疡穿孔患者24例24眼戴镜后1～2d前房均形成,5～10d后角膜上皮覆盖,角膜基质层纤维网状支架形成,20～32d角膜溃疡愈合,穿孔区密闭良好。患者视力有不同程度提高。结论:软性角膜接触镜是一种安全有效的角膜溃疡穿孔的辅助治疗方法。     

Confocal microscopic observations of stromal keratocytes during extended contact lens wear

Background: The aim of this study was to monitor changes in keratocyte density during extended contact lens wear and to explore the possible role of hypoxia and oedema in any changes observed. Methods: Twenty‐three neophyte myopic subjects wore a high Dk/t lens (Pure Vision) in one eye and a low Dk/t lens (Acuvue 2) in the other eye on an extended wear basis for six months. Slit‐scanning confocal microscopy and ultrasonic pachometry were performed on both eyes at baseline (before lens wear), after three and six months of lens wear, and one week after cessation of lens wear (the ‘post‐cessation’ visit). Results: No differences were established between die two lenses or between the three study visits for anterior stromal keratocyte density (KD). Posterior stromal KD was similar for the two lenses throughout the study. However, there was an overall drop in posterior KD of 14 per cent in bodl eyes at the six‐month visit, compared to die initial visit. Posterior KD at die six‐mondi visit was no different from diat at die post‐cessation visit. Corneal thickness was similar for die two lenses at die initial and post‐cessation visits, but was diree per cent greater for the eye wearing die Acuvue 2 lens at die six‐month visit. Conclusion: Extended contact lens wear causes a loss of keratocytes; diis loss cannot be attributed to contact lens‐induced hypoxia and/or oedema, or to an artifact of confocal microscopy relating to presence of residual oedema. It is postulated diat lens‐induced keratocyte loss may be related to die physical presence of contact lenses creating some mechanical effect.     

Confocal microscopic observations of the human cornea following overnight contact lens wear

Background: Striae and folds are observed with a slidamp biomicroscope in the cornea following overnight contact lens wear. These phenomena are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to employ confocal microscopy to observe and document these and other morphological changes in die human cornea following overnight contact lens wear. Methods: Slitlamp biomicroscopy, slit‐scanning confocal microscopy and ultrasonic pachometry were performed on both eyes of 13 subjects (3M, 10F, age 24 ± 3 years) before and after eight hours overnight wear of a ‐3.00 D Bausch & Lomb one day disposable soft contact lens (Dk/t = 15.1 times 10^‐9 (cm/sec) x {ml O²/ml x mmHg)) in one eye; the other non‐lens‐wearing eye acted as a control. Results: Following sleep, both corneas were swollen (lens‐wearing eye 11.8 ± 3.8 per cent; control eye 2.1 ± 1.9 per cent) and the stroma of both corneas displayed an apparent reduction in keratocyte density (lens‐wearing eye 21 per cent; control eye 10 per cent). Folds were observed with the slidamp biomicroscope and long, straight, dark, orthogonal lines were observed widi die confocal microscope, in the posterior stroma of the oedematous lens‐wearing eyes. Such features were not observed in die control eyes. The keratocytes appeared less distinct with greater levels of corneal oedema. Conclusion: The apparent loss of keratocytes following overnight lens wear is an optical artefact that can be explained in terms of corneal oedema causing volumetric tissue expansion and a loss of optical clarity, which hampers keratocyte detection. These findings place the onus on researchers postulating a loss of stromal keratocytes following clinical interventions, such as contact lens wear, to account for the effects of oedema.