无机矿物吸附剂去除矿井水硫酸盐试验研究

为研究环境友好型的酸性矿井水中硫酸盐的去除方法,选用河南某地的天然斜发沸石制备了无机矿物吸附剂,探讨了影响吸附剂吸附去除硫酸盐的因素。结果表明:利用天然沸石制备的无机矿物吸附剂可提高对水体中SO42-的吸附能力;对于500 mg/L的原水,吸附剂用量为15 g/L、吸附液pH=5~7、吸附温度为30℃和吸附时间为2 h时,吸附剂对SO42-的吸附去除率可达到65.2%;吸附SO42-后的吸附剂可采用饱和氯化钠溶液有效再生。     

无定形氢氧化铝吸附剂的制备及其除氟性能研究

降氟措施对高氟地下水地区居民饮用水安全具有重要意义。吸附法除氟技术被广泛应用,但仍存在适宜于偏酸性环境等难点。以提高适应高氟地下水pH值的能力为目标,通过控制反应过程中pH值制备无定形氢氧化铝吸附材料,开展吸附等温线试验、吸附动力学试验、pH值适应性试验、竞争离子试验、可重复利用性能试验和吸附机理试验。试验结果表明无定形氢氧化铝对氟离子的吸附属于优惠型吸附,Langmuir最大吸附容量为166.67 mg/g。与传统Al_2O_3吸附材料相比,在pH值为7.0~9.0时,无定形氢氧化铝吸附材料可减缓除氟效果下降速率,提高了适应地下水pH值的能力。氟去除率随着溶液中HCO_3~-、CO_2-3、PO_4~(3-)等离子浓度升高而降低。在初始氟浓度为5.00 mg/L时,可重复利用5个周期。因此,改进铝型吸附材料制备过程可显著提高吸附性能和适应高氟地下水的能力,是今后研制和改进吸附材料的重要方向。     

高锰地下水吸附试验研究

采用颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭和活性炭负载壳聚糖对高锰地下水进行静态吸附试验,利用颗粒活性炭进行动态吸附试验,研究了静态条件吸附剂投加量、pH值、温度对吸附效果的影响,以及动态条件下浓度和流速对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,三种吸附剂吸附效果相差不大,相对而言粉末活性炭效果最好,颗粒活性炭效果与粉末活性炭较接近;静态试验中,当水中Mn2+的浓度为5mg/L时,水温25℃,pH值为6.8～7.0状态下颗粒活性碳的处理效果最好,最佳投加量为0.02g/L,即0.4g(GAC)/mg(Mn2+);动态条件下,锰离子浓度的增加、流速增大都会使初始穿透点提前。     

含锌重金属废水藻类吸附处理技术

以小球藻为吸附剂,研究藻类吸附剂对重金属废水中Zn2+的吸附过程,分析吸附时间、温度、pH值、Zn2+起始浓度以及预处理过程等因素对小球藻吸附Zn2+性能的影响。结果表明:预处理能提高小球藻的吸附性能,其吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附特征,对废水的pH值适应范围广。对于ρ(Zn2+)=100 mg/L的重金属废水经小球藻一次处理,去除率达到98%。小球藻吸附处理废水中Zn2+的较佳工艺条件为pH值6.5、温度25℃、吸附时间60 min、小球藻用量2 g/L。     

木质纤维素对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以木质纤维素为吸附剂,分析吸附时间、初始浓度、pH值、温度等因素对木质纤维素吸附亚甲基蓝阳离子染料的影响.结果表明:木质纤维素对亚甲基蓝吸附300min后达到平衡,初始浓度超过180mg/L后吸附量不再增加,pH值由2增加到8时,吸附量由23.0mg/g增加到40.1 mg/g,温度对吸附量呈现先增大后减小的趋势.讨论...     

接触过滤-活性炭吸附-超滤一体化净水装置处理长江原水的研究

试验采用接触过滤-活性炭吸附-超滤工艺处理长江原水.结果表明,接触过滤能有效地去除较大悬浮物,活性炭能吸附水中大量有机物,有效防止膜污染.并且用0.4%的HCl和0.4%的NaOH对膜进行化学清洗,能使膜的过滤性能得到很好的恢复.当原水平均浊度为114.8 NTU、氨氮为0.35 mg/L、TOC为2.47 mg/L、CODMn为2.7 mg/L、细菌数为700 CFU/mL时,工艺出水浊度为0.07 NTU、氨氮为0.09 mg/L、TOC为0.3 mg/L、CODMn为0.88 mg/L、细菌总数为0.     

盐酸改性浒苔对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

为利用浒苔处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,对浒苔进行了盐酸改性,通过间歇吸附试验研究了pH值、盐酸改性浒苔投加量、吸附时间及温度对盐酸改性浒苔吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明:使用盐酸改性浒苔作为吸附剂去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的方法是可行的,酸性条件有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,当pH值为1、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100 mg/L时,去除率可达99.7%;准二级动力学方程能更好地拟合试验数据,颗粒内扩散阻力比外部传质阻力的影响更显著;吸附等温线数据更符合Langmuir模型,吸附吉布斯自由能为负值,而吸附焓变为正值,盐酸改性浒苔吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附是自发的吸热过程。     

聚合氯化铝铁强化混凝去除藻类的试验研究

采用聚合氯化铝铁,对微污染黄河水库水进行了强化混凝除藻试验.试验结果表明:针对原水水质,PAFC的最佳投加量为15 mg/L,此时浊度和叶绿素a的去除率分别为94.67 %和80.15 %;PAFC的最佳pH范围是5.0～9.0,试验过程中无需对原水进行调节pH值;投加高分子助凝剂(JY)对原水的浊度、高锰酸盐指数和叶绿素a有一定的去除效果,助凝剂与混凝剂的复配可改善PAFC的混凝去除效果,助凝剂JY的投加量为0.3 mg/L时,叶绿素a的去除率可提高12.9 %.     

聚合氯化铝铁强化混凝去除藻类试验研究

采用聚合氯化铝铁,对微污染黄河水库水进行了强化混凝除藻试验.试验结果表明:针对原水水质,PAFC的最佳投加量为15mg/L,此时浊度和叶绿素a的去除率分别为94.67%和80.15%;PAFC的最佳pH范围是5.0～9.0,试验过程中无需对原水进行调节pH值;投加高分子助凝剂(JY)对原水的浊度、高锰酸盐指数和叶绿素a有一定的去除效果,助凝剂与混凝剂的复配可改善PAFC的混凝去除效果,助凝剂JY的投加量为0.3mg/L时,叶绿素a的去除率可提高12.9%.     

改性粉煤灰处理含磷生活污水试验

为了防止水体富营养化和有效处理生活污水,以改性粉煤灰为吸附剂,对含磷生活污水进行吸附脱磷试验,并研究粉煤灰粒径、投加量、pH值、温度、振荡强度以及吸附时间等因素对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明:在粉煤灰粒径为160~200目、投加量为25 g/L、溶液pH值为3.5、水温为50℃的条件下,对磷质量浓度为6.8 mg/L的生活污水,以140 r/min的强度振荡吸附150 min,磷的去除率可高达95.3%,水样中的磷质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L以下。     

Lab scale study on electrocoagulation defluoridation process optimization along with aluminium leaching in the process and comparison with full scale plant operation

An excess or lack of fluoride in drinking water is harmful to human health. Desirable and permissible standards of fluoride in drinking water are 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, as per Indian drinking water quality standards i.e., BIS 10500, 1991. In this paper, the performance of an electro-coagulation defluoridation batch process with aluminium electrodes was investigated. Different operational conditions such as fluoride concentration in water, pH and current density were varied and performance of the process was examined. Influence of operational conditions on (i) electrode polarization phenomena, (ii) pH evolution during electrolysis and (iii) the amount of aluminium released (coagulant) was investigated. Removal by electrodes is primarily responsible for the high defluoridation efficiency and the adsorption by hydroxide aluminium floc provides secondary effect. Experimental data obtained at optimum conditions that favored simultaneous mixing and flotation confirmed that concentrations lower than 1 mg/L could be achieved when initial concentrations were between 2 and 20 mg/L. pH value was found to be an important parameter that affected fluoride removal significantly. The optimal initial pH range is between 6 and 7 at which effective defluoridation and removal efficiencies over 98% were achieved. Furthermore, experimental results prominently displayed that an increase in current density substantially reduces the treatment duration, but with increased residual aluminium level. The paper focuses on pilot scale defluoridation process optimization along with aluminium leaching and experimental results were compared with a full-scale plant having capacity of 600 liter per batch.     

文安县高氟地下水的分布特征及关键水化学性质分析

为进一步认清河北省文安县高氟地下水的水化学性质,在水文地质调查以及取样分析的基础上,采用水化学特征分析、多元统计分析和水化学成因分析等手段阐明文安县高氟地下水的分布特征和关键水化学性质.结果表明：文安县深层地下水氟化物含量0.56～4.19 mg/L,总体分布是中北部偏高;其关键水化学特征是pH值7.7～8.7、总碱度高于211 mg/L、总硬度低于90 mg/L,水化学类型为典型的Na-HCO3型;在文安县地下水环境条件下,总碱度、碳酸氢根以及钠离子是促进高氟地下水形成的关键水化学因素;当2.0 mg/L＜F-＜ 3.5 mg/L时,地下水中Ca2＋与F-有拮抗作用.通过氯碱指数和饱和指数分析可知,研究区域高氟地下水的形成主要是水-岩间的阳离子交换反应和氟矿物的溶解-沉淀反应.     

SBR法处理煤化工废水中石油烃类的试验研究

采用序批式(SBR)活性污泥法处理煤化工废水.通过分析不同周期、进水浓度、pH、温度、DO与处理效果之间的关系,确定了SBR法处理煤化工废水的的最佳运行参数.试验结果表明,在SBR处理周期为24 h的条件下,进水CODCr为1200～1400 mg/L,石油烃类为50～70 mg/L,pH为6.8～7.1,DO为3.5 mg/L左右,温度约为25℃时,该工艺对CODCr和石油烃类去除效果较好,去除率分别为85％和76％.该工艺具有投资少、操作简单、运行费用低等特点.     

二氧化氯催化氧化降解铬黑T试验研究

在常温常压下,对Fe2O3/γ—A12O3+H2O2和ClO2+TiO2两种催化氧化体系处理铬黑T废水的效果进行了分析。试验结果表明,处理甲基橙废水效果较好的Fe2O3/γ—Al2O3+H2O2组合对铬黑T的降解效果非常有限,而ClO2+TiO2组合的处理效果较好:以500 mg/L的铬黑T溶液为模拟废水,当pH为4,C102投加量为200 mg/L,TiO2投加量为500 mg/L,反应时间为90 min时,脱色率达89.96%,CODCr的去除率可达45.36%。     

小秦岭某金矿氰化废水处理试验

采用碱氯法对小秦岭某金矿提金后的含氰废水进行了处理试验,实验室试验主要考察了药剂使用量、pH值、反应时间等对除氰效果的影响。对ρ(CN-)为33.5 mg/L和22.5 mg/L的含氰废水,经一次处理的试验结果表明,处理后水中ρ(CN-)为0.10~0.28 mg/L,CN-去除率大于99%,低于国家ρ(CN-)≤0.50 mg/L的排放标准;扩大试验在实验室试验最优条件下进行,达到了实验室试验同样的处理效果,对处理合格后的废水进行了返回系统使用试验,实现了处理后废水部分或一定时间内全部返回系统使用,局部实现了微氰废水零排放。     

Hybrid membrane bioreactor for water recycling and phosphorus recovery.

This paper deals with the performance of hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) combining the precoagulation/sedimentation and membrane bioreactor. The hybrid MBR not only produces the treated water with excellent permeate quality but also shows much lower membrane fouling than the conventional MBR. It may come from its extremely low F/M ratio to maintain the low viscosity even in the high MLSS concentration range of about 20,000 mg/L. Some results of microbial community analysis in MBRs was conducted to demonstrate the other reason for its lower membrane fouling. Hybrid MBR has a high potential to be used for the recycling use of the municipal wastewater. Coagulated sludge produced in the hybrid MBR is a promising phosphorus resource. This paper also contains a recent progress of phosphorus recovery technology, which uses a new phosphoric acids absorbent, i.e. the hexagonal mesostructured zirconium sulfate (ZS). The ZS has the extremely high adsorption capacity of phosphoric acids through anion exchange. The adsorbed phosphoric acids are released from the ZS in a high pH range of about 13.     

于桥水库沉积物内源污染特性研究

通过对天津市于桥水库沉积物中污染物的释放实验研究,找出了于桥水库底泥中磷、有机质、氮、铁、锰等污染物释放的影响因素,得出了溶解氧、pH值、水温等影响因素对底泥污染物释放的影响程度,并对各污染物的释放机理进行了探讨。磷的释放条件:pH值≥8时,好氧条件下会缓慢释放,当ρ(DO)<2 mg/L时快速释放;在中酸性条件下,当ρ(DO)<1 mg/L时发生较快速释放;低溶解氧和高pH值协同作用强烈。有机物和氮的释放主要受溶解氧浓度影响,与pH值关系不大,在ρ(DO)<2 mg/L时发生了快速释放。溶解性铁、锰的释放取决于水体pH值,在酸性条件下,ρ(DO)<1 mg/L时释放。     

The effect of operational conditions on the performance of UASB reactors for domestic wastewater treatment.

In this investigation, the performance of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors treating municipal wastewater was evaluated on the basis of: (i) COD removal efficiency, (ii) effluent variability, and (iii) pH stability. The experiments were performed using 8 pilot-scale UASB reactors (120 L) from which some of them were operated with different influent COD (CODInf ranging from 92 to 816 mg/L) and some at different hydraulic retention time (HRT ranging from 1 to 6 h). The results show that decreasing the CODInf, or lowering the HRT, leads to decreased efficiencies and increased effluent variability. During this experiment, the reactors could treat efficiently sewage with concentration as low as 200 mg COD/L. They could also be operated satisfactorily at an HRT as low as 2 hours, without problems of operational stability. The maximum COD removal efficiency can be achieved at CODInf exceeding 300 mg/L and HRT of 6h.