高刚性轻量化研球机床身结构优化设计

为提高研球机床身的静动刚度并减少床身质量,建立床身结构的有限元模型,通过有限元分析获得机床床身的静动态特性以及低阶固有频率。在此基础上利用尺寸优化和拓扑优化设计方法,对其进行了以减轻质量和提高结构刚度为目标的结构优化设计,最终完成对床身的综合优化。将优化后的床身与原床身进行比较,结果显示:综合优化后的床身最大变形量减少了19.45%,最大应力减小了12.24%,床身的质量下降了3.52%,并且前5阶固有频率均有明显提高。通过综合优化,提高了床身的工作性能,减轻了床身质量,该研究结果对提升机床床身刚度提供参考。     

基于有限元法的锻压机床床身结构优化设计

为了提高锻压机床床身的综合力学性能,首先设计了3种不同筋板布置方式的机床床身,在CAD/CAE集成模拟设计平台下对它们进行有限元分析,根据分析结果优选出最佳的床身设计方案.然后对优选出的床身采用CAD/CAE优化设计技术,以床身的筋板厚度和壁厚作为设计变量,以床身的质量作为主要优化目标、一阶固有频率和最大变形作为次要优化目标进行多目标优化设计,求解得到床身的最优结构尺寸,使床身质量下降6.12%,同时静刚度和抗振性也符合设计要求.最后通过静态和模态试验验证了优化设计方案的有效性.     

基于响应面法的机床床身动力学模型修正

针对机床床身连接刚度难以确定,从而造成床身动力学模型分析模态与试验模态相差较大的问题,提出一种基于响应面法对床身动力学模型进行修正的方法。以CLFH-200齿轮复合机床床身为研究对象,利用ANSYS Workbench中地基刚度模拟垫铁地基系统刚度,并以地基刚度为设计因素,采用中心复合试验设计方法获得样本数据,拟合满二阶多项式响应面模型,运用二次规划法对响应面模型进行优化。结果表明:修正后床身动力学模型的前6阶固有频率平均误差与初始模型相比减小了3. 08%,平均误差为2. 14%。该方法能快速有效的实现床身动力学模型修正。     

多目标驱动的立式精密磨床床身优化设计方法研究

对磨床床身进行轻量化设计,在Solidworks中建立合理的简化模型,然后导入ABAQUS中进行静态分析和模态分析,根据分析结果对床身的结构提出改进方案.安排正交试验对实验结果数据做线性回归,然后进行灵敏度分析找出对床身刚度和重量敏感的结构尺寸.通过中心复合试验设计采取样本建立所选尺寸与床身最大变形量和重量的二次响应面模型.运用理想点法实现对床身最大变形量和重量的双目标优化.结果表明:床身刚度不减小,重量减轻7％.     

卧式加工中心床身蜂窝状支撑结构设计与优化

提出采用蜂窝状支撑结构对卧式加工中心床身进行性能优化的思路,即将床身原有支撑结构改为蜂窝状结构,并对各性能指标与原结构进行比较,分析优化效果。利用参数化建模方法,分析蜂窝状结构胞单元参数、排布方式、排布密度与床身一阶固有频率、质量、静变形、等效应力之间的关系,得到蜂窝状结构对床身最佳优化效果。利用响应面法建立参考数学模型设计改进方案,用灰色关联法对计算结果处理分析,并采用熵权法改进灰色关联法,使得其成为一种适于床身优化方案选择的评价标准。以我国西北某机床厂生产的某型卧式加工中心床身优化为例。选择蜂窝胞单元边长与筋板厚度为设计变量,利用ANSYS Workbench进行参数化设计,采用MATLAB软件进行数据处理和灰色关联法分析选出最佳优化方案。结果表明,优化后的机床床身各性能指标得到大幅度地提升。床身一阶固有频率提高约24. 1%,床身质量减轻约7. 4%,静变形降低约26%,等效应力减小约35. 1%。     

大型机床床身热变形及其结构优化

在采用Pro/Engineer软件建立大型床身三维几何模型的基础上,运用Pro/Mechanica模块对该模型进行了热变形有限元分析,获得了热平衡状态下的床身温度场分布情况以及床身沿Y、Z方向的热变形量。依据分析结果,对床身的内部结构进行优化并增添外部冷却装置,然后再次进行热变形有限元分析和效果验证。在以上研究的基础上,进行了床身温升与热变形实验。研究结果表明,有限元分析值与检测值一致性较佳,经过优化设计的床身热变形量明显减小,既有效提升了工作效率,又降低了生产成本,使机床精度进一步提升。     

基于模态应变能灵敏度的数控机床床身结构分析与优化

基于床身有限元模型进行模态分析,选取1阶模态下模态应变能集中的位置,引入灵敏度分析方法对床身的设计尺寸进行优化。优化结果表明:优化后1阶模态应变能分布均匀,降低了床身质量,同时可以减少结构优化的盲目性,提高优化效率。文中的优化设计过程与方法可推广到机床其他部件的结构动态性能优化中,从而为机床整体结构动态特性的改进、优化设计提供了重要的方法和理论依据。     

五轴立加床身静动态特性分析与筋板拓扑优化

为减轻某五轴立加床身的质量并保证其静动态性能不降低,对其筋板进行改进。首先,对床身的静动态特性进行分析,发现床身的薄弱部位;其次,在此基础上,分别以刚度提高和固有频率提高为优化目标对床身进行拓扑优化;最后,考虑床身结构改变后铸造的难易程度,根据静动态分析结果以及两次拓扑优化材料去除区域重合部分对床身筋板进行改进。结果表明:改进筋板后,床身的铸造难度没有增加,最大变形量减小了14.9%,质量减轻了4.4%,前4阶固有频率也有不同程度的提高,为床身筋板结构的改进提供了一种思路。     

基于APDL的数控钻床床身的轻量化设计与研究

采用APDL参数化设计语言建立床身的有限元模型,进行有限元分析;然后在床身原来强度和刚度不变的前提下对其进行轻量设计,结果表明:经轻量化设计后,床身的应力分布趋于更加合理,重量下降了15.26％,且与立柱接触面的最大变形差从原来的0.016942mm减小到0.014873mm,减小了接触面的倾覆角,提高了机床的加工精度.     

精密螺母磨床床身动静态分析与结构优化

以某型号精密螺母磨床为研究对象,使用Ansys有限元分析软件对其结构进行模态分析,识别出其结构设计中的薄弱环节。在此基础上,以提高床身低阶固有频率和降低床身质量为优化目标对其结构进行了改进。比较四种改进方案取得的结果,确定综合优化方案并对其进行相应的静刚度校核。优化后的床身与原模型相比,前四阶固有频率均有大幅提高,其中一阶固有频率提高16.7%,床身质量下降1.36%,最大位移变形降低了22.1%,且受力均匀,达到了预期的目标,同时也为螺母磨床床身的结构设计提供了参考依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。