三峡水库坝址及邻区中上地壳S波速度结构

利用三峡数字地震台网记录的Sg波到时资料,采用地震层析成像技术,重建了三峡水库坝址及邻区中上地壳的三维速度图象,研究了地壳深部构造,主要结论是:①黄陵背斜的岩性具有固结程度高、岩体均匀完整、埋藏深度至少达14 km的特征;②秭归盆地与边缘构造由于岩层一致,而速度结构相同;构造变形的强度决定了秭归盆地及周缘区域沉积层的厚...     

天山地壳上地幔的S波速度结构

2003年4月—2004年9月，中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室横跨天山布设了由60个观测台站组成的流动宽频带地震台阵。其中，沿奎屯-库车横跨天山的观测剖面共有51个台站，剖面长度近500 km。利用接收函数方法（刘启元等，1996，2005），得到了沿该剖面的接收函数和100 km深度范围内的地壳上地幔Ｓ波速度结构。与前人的探测结果相比，本文的结果进一步揭示了横跨中国境内天山造山带地壳结构的横向变化，给出了天山地壳变形和盆山耦合关系的新证据。结果表明     

P波走时反演安徽地区地壳速度结构

本文用P波走时反演了安徽地区的地壳速度结构和地壳厚度,对二层模型和三层模型分别进行了计算,对计算结果进行比较,得到了较为可靠的二层速度模型、地壳厚度以及地壳底部P波速度,并对不同模型造成的差异原因进行了分析。     

解耦纵横波反射波走时反演

基于常规弹性波动方程的反射波走时反演结合走时和反射波信息可以有效的摄取模型参数中的低波数成分,然而纵横波之间的耦合效应以及纵横波速度对波场的敏感性差异,导致反演的非线性问题增强.为此本文研究了基于解耦波动方程的反射波走时反演,并提出改进的时移互相关目标函数,分别隐式计入射波场快照与反传波场快照的时移量,很大程度的降低了纵波、横波之间的耦合关系,并提高纵横波速度低波数信息的反演质量.最后模型测试证明了本文方法的正确性.

     

根据接收函数反演得到的首都圈地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构

利用2002~2003年中国地震局地质研究所台阵实验室以唐山大震区为中心布设的40个流动宽频带地震台站和首都圈数字台网的33个宽频带台站的远震数据,采用接收函数非线性反演方法得到其中72个宽频带台站下方60 km深度范围内的S波速度结构.根据得到的各台站下方地壳上地幔的S波速度结构,并综合刘启元等（1997）用接收函数非线性反演方法得到的延怀盆地15个宽频带流动台站下方的地壳上地幔S波速度结构模型,给出了39°N～41°N,114°E~119.5°E区域内沿不同走向、不同深度S波速度分布.由于综合了利用首都圈数字地震台网的宽频带台站以及流动地震台阵的观测数据,本文给出了较前人同类研究空间分辨率更好的结果.结果表明: (1)研究区的速度结构,特别是怀来以东的速度结构十分复杂.在10~20 km深度范围内,研究区地壳具有高速和低速异常块体的交错结构.研究区中上地壳速度结构主要被与张渤地震带大体重合的NW向高速条带和穿越唐山大震区的NE向高速条带所控制,而其中下地壳的速度结构主要为延怀—三河—唐山地区上地幔隆起所控制.(2)研究区内存在若干壳内S波低速体,它们主要分布在唐山,三河及延怀盆地等地区.在这些地区,壳内低速体伴随着壳幔界面的隆起和上地幔顶部速度结构的横向变化.(3)地表断层分布与地壳速度结构分区有较好的相关性,表明断层对不同块体有明显的控制作用.其中,宝坻断裂,香河断裂和唐山断裂均为超壳断裂.(4)首都圈内大地震的分布与壳内低速体及上地幔顶部的速度结构有密切关系.对于唐山大地震的成因,仅考虑板块作用引起的水平应力场是不够的,有必要充分重视由于上地幔变形引起的地壳垂直变形和上地幔物质侵入造成的热效应.     

地脉动空间自相关方法反演 浅层S波速度结构

在近地表地球物理领域, 基于地脉动(或称背景噪声)提取的面波频散曲线反演地下S波速度结构是一种简单经济的工程勘察方法. 本文基于地脉动的空间自相关方法对一个微型台阵观测的背景噪声记录进行处理, 介绍了一种简单易行的提取频散曲线的数据处理方法, 获得了6.7—23 Hz频段的可靠频散曲线; 通过对该观测频散曲线与预测模型的频散曲线进行拟合, 反演得到S波速度结构. 结果表明, 该速度结构与钻孔直接测试的结果相吻合.      

用Pg波走时反演首都圈地区的上地壳速度结构

为了弄清首都圈地区上地壳速度精细结构,本文使用了迄今为止在我国大陆最为密集炮间距高分辨折射和宽角反射／折射综合地震测深剖面一天津一北京一赤城剖面的Pg波走时资料。反演了首都圈地区的上地壳速度结构。根据上地壳速度结构特征,可将整个剖面大致分为华北盆地拗陷区和燕山台褶隆起区,其中华北盆地又可以细分为黄骅拗陷、沧县隆起、骥中拗陷等,大厂拗陷、通县隆起、北京拗陷和京西隆起为燕山隆起区的前缘部分。华北平原区以低速结构的拗陷为主,地表速度较低,基底埋深深,盖层厚,垂直速度梯度大;而在燕山山区则以高速结构的隆起为主,地表速度较高,基底埋深浅,盖层较薄,垂直速度梯度小。基底面起伏大,最深处达到6km以上,最浅处不足1km。     

中国东部地区上地幔的三维P波速度结构

本文应用Aki等的三维反演方法,反演了中国东部地区大尺度上地幔三维P波速度结构,其中采用了300个远震事件在所研究区域(100°—125°E,20°—45°N)的50多个台站的P波到时残差。结果表明:(1)中国东部地区上地幔横向不均匀性至少深达680公里,其中40—400公里范围内的结构具有共同特点,仍保持有地表大地构造的痕迹,400公里深度以下,不均匀性逐渐减小,地表构造痕迹消失。(2)存在一条北北东走向的深层构造带将中国东部地区分成两部分,西部速度稳定、偏高,东部速度复杂,低速高速随深度变化而交替出现。     

纵横波独立成像的弹性波逆时偏移方法

本文采用逆时递推,在空间域完成纵横波分离,同时实现了位移场成像和纵、横波的独立成像。模拟数据与实际资料试算表明,对纵波和横波分别成像不仅有理论意义,而且有明显的应用价值。文中还就偏移速度对成像结果的影响和实际资料的预处理问题进行了讨论。     

北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像

利用三维不分块地震层析成像技术对北京东北部地区的三维人工地震莫霍反射波走时数据进行反演,得到了该区上地壳的三维P波、S波慢度及波速比结构图像,三种结构不同深度的切片图像揭示出慢度和波速比分布有呈北东向和北西向展布的特征.断裂活动引起沉积不均匀造成现今的速度分布,地震大多分布在波速比较低的块体内,说明地震不仅与断裂活动有关,有可能还与物质结构和性质相关;北京地区上地壳速度结构、断裂活动和物质性质三者之间存在密切关系.     

3-D seismic tomography for velocity and interface structure of the crust and upper mantle (theoretical part)

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ３－Ｄｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｇｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．ＡｋｉａｎｄＬｅｅ（１９７６）ａｎｄＨａｗｌｅｙｅｔａｌ．（１９８１）ｉｎｖｅｒｔｅｄ３－Ｄｍｏｄｅ...     

新丰江库区上地壳三维细结构层析成像

在新丰江库区布设一个范围约50 km×40 km、由50个地震临时台站组成的观测台阵,接收来自不同方位的人工震源产生的莫霍界面反射波;台阵中的20个台站和5个区域固定台还对2009年3月至2010年5月发生在库区的地方震进行了观测.本文联合利用人工地震莫霍面反射波走时和天然地震直达波走时,采用连续模型反演技术重建了库区上地壳P波、S波慢度扰动和Vp/Vs扰动分布图像.研究结果表明:新丰江库区东、西部地区上地壳结构存在明显的差异.库区东部地区构造复杂,多条断裂在该区呈交叉状分布.北西向的石角—新港—白田断裂带在库区段内具有复杂的岩性和构造特征,该断裂带在新港至双塘一线可能延伸至地下8 km左右;近北东向的断裂带切割地壳较深.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区存在上、下贯通的波速比高值区,尤其是大坝以西的深水峡谷区,存在一条顺河走向的陡倾角断层裂隙带,为库水渗透提供了良好通道.库区西部地区为相对稳定构造区,完整坚硬的花岗岩体透水性能较差,受库水渗透影响很小.新丰江水库诱发地震的形成与深部构造环境密切相关.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区上地壳介质性质呈现明显的横向不均匀性,微震分布在介质物性结构的特定部位,"软"、"硬"交错的介质环境是倾滑正断层型微小震产生的可能原因.     

Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orosenic belt

From April,2003 to September,2004,a passive broadband seismic array consisting of 60 stations was deployed over the Tianshan orogenic belt by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.Among them,51 stations make up an about 500-km-long profile across the Tianshan Mountains from Kuytun to Kuqa.The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km deep are obtained by using the receiver function method (Liu et al.1996,2000).The main results can be summarized as follows:(1) A clear mountain root does not exist beneath the Tianshan Mountains,and the crust-mantle boundaries underneath the stations mostly have transitional structures.This implies that the material differentiation between the crust and mantle is not yet accomplished and the orogenic process is still going on.(2)The crust beneath the Tianshan Mountains has laterally blocked structures in direction perpendicular to the mountain strike,and the crust-mantle boundary has a clear dislocation structure.Both of them correspond to each other.(3)The offsets of the Moho discontinuity are highly correlated to the tectonic borders on the surface and that corresponding to the frontal southern Tianshan fault reaches to 14 km.This manifests that large vertical divergent movement took place between different blocks.This supports the discontinuous model of the Tianshan orogeny,and the Tarim block subduction is restricted only to the southern side of the South Tianshan.(4)Inside the upper and middle crust of the Tianshan Mountains exist several low-velocity bodies correlated with high seismicity located on the mountain-basin jointures on both sides of the mountain and between different blocks,and the low-velocity bodies on the mountain-basin jointures are inclined obviously to the mountain.This implies that the low-velocity bodies may be correlated closely to the thrust and subduction of the basins on both sides of the mountain,the splicing of adjacent blocks and the fast uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.     

宁芜火山岩盆地及邻区上地壳电性结构研究

为了较全面、客观地认识宁芜矿集区上地壳电性结构,研究"玢岩铁矿"成矿规律与深部地球物理、地质结构的对应关系,为探索深部"第二找矿空间"提供物性参数,我们完成了6条宽频大地电磁测深剖面.通过分析各剖面电性成像结果,讨论了"长江断裂带"与矿集区成矿的关系,并且认为围岩、岩浆及其上侵通道是区内矿床的控矿因素.此外,结合姑山铁矿床的位置以及铁矿床成矿规律判断宁芜火山岩盆地南部低阻条带为矿集区姑山火山-岩浆旋回的岩浆(导矿)通道,而盆地东部邻区的倾斜"叠瓦状"电性特征说明该区在经历了印支期褶皱构造运动后发育了逆冲推覆构造.     

Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orogenic belt

From April, 2003 to September, 2004, a passive broadband seismic array consisting of 60 stations was deployed over the Tianshan orogenic belt by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. Among them, 51 stations make up an about 500-km-long profile across the Tianshan Mountains from Kuytun to Kuqa. The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km deep are obtained by using the re-ceiver function method (Liu et al. 1996, 2000). The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) A clear mountain root does not exist beneath the Tianshan Mountains, and the crust-mantle boundaries underneath the stations mostly have transitional structures. This implies that the material differentia-tion between the crust and mantle is not yet accomplished and the orogenic process is still going on. (2) The crust beneath the Tianshan Mountains has laterally blocked structures in direction perpendicular to the mountain strike, and the crust-mantle boundary has a clear dislocation structure. Both of them correspond to each other. (3) The offsets of the Moho discontinuity are highly correlated to the tectonic borders on the surface and that corresponding to the frontal southern Tianshan fault reaches to 14 km. This manifests that large vertical divergent movement took place between different blocks. This sup-ports the discontinuous model of the Tianshan orogeny, and the Tarim block subduction is restricted only to the southern side of the South Tianshan. (4) Inside the upper and middle crust of the Tianshan Mountains exist several low-velocity bodies correlated with high seismicity located on the moun-tain-basin jointures on both sides of the mountain and between different blocks, and the low-velocity bodies on the mountain-basin jointures are inclined obviously to the mountain. This implies that the low-velocity bodies may be correlated closely to the thrust and subduction of the basins on both sides of the mountain, the splicing of adjacent blocks and the fast uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.     

Tomographic inversion for the three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the Aswan region,Egypt

The Thurber iterative simultaneous inversion program is used to determine the three-dimensionalP-wave velocity structure in the Aswan seismic region of Egypt. The tomographic inversion presented in this study is based on 1131P-phase observations at 13 stations from 89 local earthquakes, all of which occurred within the Kalabsha fault zone. The assumed initial velocity model is that deduced from local explosion experiments. The results indicate that the Aswan region is characterized by a heterogeneous crust, consisting of a shallow, low-velocity zone and a deeper high-velocity anomaly. Seismic velocity structure within the shallow part demonstrates that the inferred change in velocity exists primarily across the east-west trending Kalabsha fault scarp, whereas the high-velocity zone is located south of this fault. Two well-resolved, low-velocity zones appear within the upper 6 km of the crust. The first coincides with a graben structure located between the Kalabsha and Seiyal faults and the second exists between the N-S Kurkur fault and the main axis of Lake Aswan. Both low-velocity zones occupy an area of approximately 30×40 km, located along the western bank of the lake. The most significant result of this study is that the location of the deeper, high-velocity anomaly coincides with the concentration of seismic activity in the lower crustal layer.     

P wave velocity structure of upper and middle crust beneath the Three Gorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions

The three-dimensional P wave velocity structures of upper and middle crust beneath the Three Gorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions were reconstructed by means of the seismic tomography, using the absolute P-arrivals from the events observed by the Three Gorges seismic network. Our preliminary study of the deep structure shows: (1) the lithology of the Huangling anticline, integral and highly solidified, exhibits a uniformity. Down to a depth of 20 km, the Huangling anticline still shows high-velocity anomalies. Note that the characteristics of the velocity images with the different depths are not the same; (2) the depth of the sedimentary rocks beneath the entire Zigui basin is not constant, which is less than 6 km; (3) the top boundary of the crystalline basement varies from 0 to 7 km, whereas the bottom one between 14 and 16 km; (4) the partially molten substances of the upper mantle are located in the Badong-Zigui and its adjacent regions as well as nearby Peishi area. The development and evolution of the current tectonics are associated with the cooling and solidifying process of the molten substances within the upper mantle; (5) the different velocity structures of the deep crust in both east and west side of the Jiuwanxi fault are to be investigated in order to understand the origin of gravitational gradient zone in the Three Gorge areas; and (6) the velocities within the upper crust would be affected by reservoir water permeability. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40574039), National Key Technology R& D Program (Grant No. 2008BAC38B02)