超声波-混凝-膨润土吸附工艺处理高浓度氨氮废水研究

采用超声波-混凝沉淀-膨润土吸附工艺对高浓度氨氮污水进行处理,并通过现场生产试验证明了该技术的可行性。结果表明,该工艺的出水氨氮指标能够满足《稀土工业污染物排放标准》（GB26451_2011）要求;超声对氨氮的去除率为79．9％-86．4％;采用氨回收器能回收到浓度为18％的氨水;混凝沉淀对氨氮的去除率为88％,污泥中含有的MAP可作为农用肥出售,并产生一定的效益;采用天然漂白土进行吸附能够保证出水氨氮达标排放。通过经济核算,污水处理成本受超声工艺脱氮效果的影响较大,单位污水的处理成本为0．50～2．35元。     

硫酸铵在净水工艺中的应用

在原水氨氮含量较低的条件下,采用硫酸铵代替液氨投加在原水中,与氯消毒剂作用形成化合氯消毒,可达到净水工艺要求。硫酸铵的使用提高了系统的安全可靠性,避免了气体泄漏爆炸的危险。     

生物沸石滤池去除微污染水源水中氨氮的挂膜启动

对沸石滤料生物滤池处理微污染水源水中低浓度氨氮的挂膜启动性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,挂膜过程可以根据氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮浓度的变化分为三个阶段：初期沸石发挥本身对铵离子的吸附交换性能,氨氮去除率达88％以上;中期开始出现生物硝化作用,亚硝酸盐积累明显,硝酸盐出水浓度不稳定,氨氮去除率稳定,但下降至65％左右;后期硝化反应稳定进行,亚硝酸盐迅速转化为硝酸盐,氨氮去除率稳定在60％以上。生物沸石滤池挂膜同时应考察亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮浓度变化,在出水亚硝酸氮明显积累后又稳定降低,且硝酸盐氮稳定积累时方可认为挂膜成功。进出水pH值的变化可以指示硝化反应的进行程度和生物膜形成阶段。     

焦化废水曝气生物滤池深度处理试验研究

研究了氧化剂（H2O2）投加量对焦化废水曝气生物滤池深度处理效果的影响,同时考察了气水比、回流比对系统深度处理焦化废水的影响,研究得出：最佳氧化剂投加量（以H2O2／CODcr质量比计）、最佳气水比、最佳回流比分别为3：1,（2-3）：1,0．5：1,此时有机污染物（CODcr）、氨氮（NH3-N）平均总去除率分别为49．35％,91．32％,并且运行稳定可靠。     

An appraisal of the effect of biological treatment on the environmental quality of high-yield mechanical pulping effluents

Before biological treatment, the effluents from one CTMP (chemi-thermomechanical pulping) and three TMP (thermomechanical pulping) mills were acutely lethal to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and the water flea Ceriodaphnia with 48-h LC₅₀ values of 2.2 to > 50%. The effluents also caused chronic effects at concentrations of 0.01–5.3%. After biological treatment, effluents from the three TMP mills were not acutely lethal to either test species. Biotreated effluents from the CTMP mill were also not acutely lethal to minnows but were lethal to Ceriodaphnia (48-h LC₅₀: 54–80%). The chronic effects of biotreated effluents occurred at concentrations of 47 to > 100% for fathead minnows and at 5–37% for Ceriodaphnia. Biological treatment also reduced the levels of BOD (>80%), COD (>60%) and wood extractives (>99%).     

强化常规给水处理工艺研究

分析了辛安水厂原水水质问题及常规水处理工艺的运行效果,通过在常规混凝单元增加投药量、投加高锰酸盐复合药剂、预氯化以及在过滤单元投加助滤剂等强化措施,探讨了强化常规水处理工艺的运行效果。结果表明,通过各种强化措施可以提高常规水处理工艺对有机物和藻类的去除效果,进一步提高常规工艺的处理效能,保证出厂水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)要求。     

天津港油污水处理改造工程工艺的最优化配置

论述了天津港油污水处理改造的必要性,原有污水系统概况,试验情况,根据工程最优化设置选择工艺方案,提出一套能够适应现有含油废水排放特征的工艺流程和综合处理方法,旨在提高出水水质。     

Characterization of dairy waste streams, current treatment practices, and potential for biological nutrient removal

Fifteen milk processing plants in the Upper Midwest of the United States participated in a study to obtain information on general process operation, waste generation and treatment practices, chemical usage, and wastewater characteristics. Long term data on wastewater characteristics were obtained for 8 of the 15 dairy plants, and a 24-h composite wastewater sample was characterized in detail for each plant. Wastewater flow rates and characteristics varied greatly among and within plants and were not easily predictable even when detailed information on processing operations was available. In addition, the contribution of milk and milk products to the waste streams was underestimated by plant operators. The use of caustic soda, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid for cleaning had a significant impact on wastewater characteristics, despite the implementation of changes in chemical usage practices during recent years. In particular, the use of phosphoric acid based cleaning products has been reduced to eliminate or decrease discharge fines. It was determined that most of the on site treatment facilities require renovations and/or operational changes to comply with current and future discharge regulations, especially with respect to nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels in their waste streams. It was concluded that biological nutrient removal of dairy wastewaters should be feasible given the relatively high concentrations of easily degradable organics, the generally favorable organic matter to total phosphorus ratio, and the very favorable organic matter to nitrogen ratio.     

AO—MBR工艺短程硝化处理高氨氮废水试验研究

采用AO—MBR工艺短程硝化处理高氨氮废水,系统可以快速启动实现全程硝化。结果表明,AO—MBR工艺在温度为24～32℃,pH值为7．8～8．4,好氧池DO降至0．5mg／L时,运行21天后全程硝化转变为稳定的短程硝化,氨氮去除率和亚硝酸盐氮积累率均大于90％;接种后及硝化类型转变时污泥浓度会大幅降低,运行中后期污泥浓度基本保持稳定。     

城市污水水解酸化好氧生物处理工艺与搪瓷拼装工艺应用调研

通过对城市污水水解酸化好氧生物处理工艺与搪瓷拼装工艺应用的调研,讨论其是否适用于我省的城市污水处理。     

接触氧化法在屠宰废水处理中的应用

结合具体实例,详细介绍了采用接触氧化法处理屠宰废水的设计,包括工艺流程,各单体处理单元工艺及经营管理等方面的相关内容,经本系统处理,出水水质均达到《肉类加工工业污染物排放标准》及回用水执行《生活杂用水水质标准》中的一级标准。     

ANFIS在饮用水处理工艺中的应用

运用ANFIS（自适应神经-模糊推理系绞）以及大量实际生产原始数据,构建合理的模糊推理预测模型。同时结合国内先进的流动电流混凝技术,在厦门杏林水厂进行混凝剂投加量最佳方式的尝试。本文将阐述如何利用ANFIS构建混凝剂投加预测模型,同时,给出杏林水厂在水处理投加控制的模式,并阐述其功能特点和应用效果。     

Comparison of the cost of the pressurized wastewater treatment process with other established treatment processes

A biological wastewater treatment unit under the influence of pressure was operated at pressures of up to 6 bar. It was demonstrated the capability of operating effectively with high carbonaceous oxidation and nitrification efficiencies at loadings of up to 13 g BOD m⁻² day. Another advantage of the pressurized treatment unit was observed to be its low sludge production. The cost of the pressurized treatment unit has, however, become an important factor for the applicability of the pressurized treatment unit. An investigation was carried out to determine the approximate cost of a proposed full-scale pressurized unit. The comparison between the pressurized unit and the established treatment processes were made for three populations of 500, 1000 and 3000 persons. The costs were then compared with those of various other conventional biological treatment processes capable of treating an equivalent wastewater load. The conventional processes selected for comparison were the activated sludge, biological filtration and conventional RBC.

The sludge disposal cost for the pressurized unit was appreciably lower than that for the other processes. The results indicated that the cost of the pressurized unit (present value for a 20-yr period) and the costs of the activated sludge and conventional RBC processes were found to be similar for the smaller populations. However, a substantial saving could be obtained with the pressurized unit for the larger populations. In addition, there was an indication that the land requirement of the pressurized treatment unit decreased appreciably as the flow rate increased.     

废水生物处理中细胞生长动力学模型及其运用

从细胞生长的Monod方程式出发,讨论了基于Monod方程的细胞生长动力学在废水生物处理过程模拟中的修正、拓展,对废水生物处理过程模拟中Monod方程的运用进行了梳理。     

Thermophilic aerobic wastewater treatment of waste metalworking fluids

An investigation into aerobic biological wastewater treatment was conducted over the temperature range 25–75°C in a semi‐batch bioreactor using waste metalworking fluids (MWFs) generated from Liverpool John Moores University's engineering workshop. The best treatment performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal occurred at 50°C (97.27%), with an operational time of 77.5 h. Cell viability was observed throughout the operation and it was found that higher temperature did not directly correlate to low viability. Effluent turbidity reduced considerably from 35 to 50°C and increased thereafter. Even when the system encountered alkaline shock, the overall performance was not affected, thus indicating how stable the system was. The results of this study indicate that an existing industrial‐activated sludge plant could be used to treat waste MWFs under thermophilic conditions. The COD reduction was significant but further investigation into biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds is needed to achieve optimum performance.     

混凝/厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理竹材CTMP制浆废水

研究了竹材CTMP制浆废水的水质特征,在此基础上设计了混凝/厌氧/好氧组合处理技术路线,并在实验室进行了小试研究.结果表明,在竹材CTMP制浆废水的COD、BOD5、SS分别为7 320、2 496、1 308 mg/L时,混凝预处理段、二级厌氧段(UASB)、好氧段对COD的平均去除率分别为49.1%、85.4%、68.4%,对BOD5的平均去除率分别为46.4%、86.8%、84.7%,对SS的平均去除率分别为71.1%、60.1%、52.3%,预处理段表现出较好的去除SS的作用,而生物处理段则体现了较好的去除有机污染物的作用,使得处理出水水质达到了国家排放标准(GB 3544-2001)的要求.     

粉煤灰方法在处理造纸废水中的应用

介绍了造纸废水的组成,讲述了水处理药剂在造纸废水中的应用,详细阐述了粉煤灰处理方法的应用条件、方法以及处理效果,实践得出粉煤灰处理方法将有良好的应用前景。     

某市给水厂强化常规和深度处理工艺处理效果分析

以某水厂工艺改造为例,分析了改造前后丰水期和枯水期时氨氮、CODMn、浊度的去除效果.结果表明,工艺改造后对氨氮、CODMn及浊度的去除率分别提高了32.41％,15.32％和2.25％,其中对氨氮及有机物的强化去除效果较明显,可有效解决水源水质季节性及阶段性污染问题.     

含酚废水的生物处理方法及其进展

介绍了含酚废水的主要来源和危害,对常见含酚废水的生物处理方法的原理和特点进行了介绍,并阐述了这些方法近年来的研究进展,为开展含酚废水的污染防治研究工作提供了理论指导。     

水环境中氨氮危害和分析方法及常用处理工艺

在了解水体存在氨氮超标的基础上,分析了水中氨氮的来源及氨氮危害,对比了水环境监测领域氨氮的分析方法,介绍了目前常用的水中氨氮处理工艺,从而有利于人们从根源上认识氨氮来源及危害。