基于显热回收的分离式热管传热特性的实验研究

针对新风空调机组,采用倾角为15°的分离式热管用于显热回收.研究充液率,迎面风速及空气进口温度对显热效率的影响,分析了其影响规律.研究表明,采用热管空调机组设计风速范围内,充液率介于66％～75％时,其换热效率最高.迎面风速较低时,空气进口温度介于34℃～36℃,其显热效率较高.因此,采用分离式热管机组适合用于高热地区...     

空调机组嵌入纳米流体热管传热特性的实验研究

将CuO纳米颗粒用于空调机组的嵌入式热管中,研究充液率,迎面风速及空气进口温度对显热效率的影响。研究表明,采用嵌入式热管的空调机组在其设计风速范围内,进口温度为34℃时,充液率为66%,其显热效率最高;迎面风速较低时,显热效率较高,随着CuO纳米颗粒体积浓度的从1%增加至3%时,显热效率逐渐升高;空气进口温度超过38℃,显热效率急剧降低。     

新型内嵌式热管流型演化与传热特性实验研究

本文面向电蓄热采暖应用设计了一种新型内嵌式热管,通过可视化和传热实验研究了充液率在5%至70%之间变化时热管内部的流型演化规律和传热特性。根据流型演化过程可以将充液率分为小、中、大三个类别。小充液率时,热管内部出现间歇剧烈沸腾过程;中等充液率时,热管内部出现持续沸腾现象,冷凝段受到搅混流的周期性冲刷;大充液率时,气液混合工质在绝热段往复振荡,冷凝段始终存在液态工质。对于充液高度小于加热段高度和充液高度大于加热段高度两种情况,随着充液率的增大,热阻均先降低后升高,但充液高度大于加热段高度时的热阻普遍大于充液高度小于加热段高度时的热阻。10%充液率时热阻最小,80 W加热功率时约为0.017℃/W,此时蒸发段为持续薄液膜蒸发传热,冷凝段为周期性扰动冷凝和强制对流耦合传热。     

采用微通道换热器的分离式热管空调性能的试验研究

设计了基于微通道换热器的分离式热管空调系统,针对充液率、室内外温差以及冷凝器布置方式对空调性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明:高充液率和低充液率均会使分离式热管空调换热性能降低,系统最佳充液率为110%左右;室内外温差对分离式热管空调性能的影响显著,传热量随着温差的增大而增大,分离式热管空调传热量在20℃温差时比8℃温差时增加了348%;微通道冷凝器垂直布置时比平行布置时空调系统的充注量小,制冷量大。     

低弯头数液氢温区脉动热管的实验研究

为了研究液氢温区脉动热管在冷却Mg B2超导磁体方面的可行性,利用浙江大学制冷与低温研究所现有的实验平台,进一步开展了液氢温区脉动热管的实验研究。在低弯头数(N=2)下,充液率55.8%的脉动热管在加热功率0.1W时可以启动;随着加热功率增大,经历了启动、脉动、极限三个阶段,启动阶段脉动热管传热温差波动很大、传热性能差,而脉动阶段脉动热管传热温差很小、传热性能好。在加热功率0.6W、充液率27.8%时,脉动热管具有最大的传热系数68k W/(m·K),此时蒸发段和冷凝段的温差为0.29K。     

平行流热管换热器传热传质特性的数值模拟研究

建筑排风冷能回收是降低建筑能耗的重要手段。本文基于Fluent提供的VOF模型,编写蒸发冷凝相变的UDF程序,对用于建筑排风冷量回收的平行流热管内部的蒸发和冷凝特性进行了数值模拟,计算结果揭示了平行流热管内的气液两相流特性以及复杂相变传热传质的演变过程。结果表明:蒸发主要发生在液池内部,冷凝主要发生在冷凝段和绝热段的近壁面部位;相变传质过程是保证热管高效换热的关键因素。本文结果为设计平行流热管换热器提供理论依据。     

平板热管内气液两相流动与传热的可视化实验研究

本文基于高速摄像仪设计搭建了平板热管气液两相流动与传热的可视化平台,开展平板热管受限空间内气液两相工质运行状态和相变传热行为的可视化观测。研究结果表明,平板热管存在突然启动和渐进式启动两种启动方式,在高充液率情况发生突然启动,而在低充液率情况下发生渐进式启动。在准稳定运行阶段,蒸发面先处于能量积累状态,随后热量伴随着核态沸腾快速释放到冷凝面,热管蒸发段和冷凝段壁面温度表现出周期性的温度脉动变化。在热量积累过程中平板热管蒸发段与冷凝端之间的传热性能弱,在核态过程中蒸发段与冷凝端之间的传热性能强。     

蒸发段长度对钠钾合金热管启动性能影响

启动特性是衡量热管可靠性的重要指标。重力热管启动特性受工作角度、蒸发段与冷凝段长度等因素的影响。本文研究了蒸发段长度和冷凝段长度对钠钾合金重力热管启动特性的影响。实验测得变蒸发段和冷凝段长度时,钠钾合金热管的外壁面温度分布曲线。研究表明,增加蒸发段长度利于热管外壁面温度分布趋于均匀,但沿热管蒸发段轴向液池区域范围内仍存在一定的温差。     

数据机房热管空调系统的实验研究

结合数据机房环境的特点,选取R22和R134a为工质,实验研究了数据机房热管空调系统的换热性能和工质的最佳充液率。结果表明,热管空调系统具有工作温差小、制冷能效比高的特点,随着热负荷的升高,所需排热温差逐渐增大;对比实验发现,工质为R22时空调系统的平均换热能力比R134a为工质时高19.2%,而两种工质的最佳充液率均为80%左右。通过对热管回路中工质温度分布的测量与分析,阐明了充液率过大或过小引起系统换热性能下降的原因。     

分离式热管换热器传热特性的实验研究

本文在自行设计分离式热管实验装置的基础上,对其传热特性进行了实验研究。其工作温度为170～250℃,热流密度为25～50 kW/m~2。蒸发段和冷凝段构成相同,均是由7根直径30 mm的无缝钢管短管束组成,管长为160 mm,带有紧套的钢帛环形肋片结构尺寸为:外径45 mm、厚1 mm、片间距4 mm。实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,分离式热管的最佳充液率按管束总容量计为18%～38%。根据实验结果拟合了最佳充液率(24%)下蒸发段内部平均沸腾换热系数和冷凝段内部凝结换热努塞尔数综合关系式。     

以R600A为工质的分离式热管的实验研究

对分离式热管的整体热量传递特性进行了实验研究。以蛇形翅片管作为冷凝段和蒸发段进行热管实验,探讨了蒸发器进风面风温及分离式热管蒸发器与冷凝器之间高度差、工质充注量对分离式热管的影响。实验表明,随着蒸发器进风温度的升高,蒸发器与冷凝器换热系数都是呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在冷凝端进风温度恒定为16.55℃、蒸发端进风温度低于60℃时,以R600A为工质的分离式热管的传热量曲线近似于二次曲线,蒸发端进风温度高于60℃时,其传热量曲线近似于一条直线。加大充液率及增加蒸发器与冷凝器的高度差,分离式热管的传热能力均会得到提高。     

Flow patterns and heat-transfer characteristics of a top heat mode closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves (THMCLOHP/CV)

The aim of this research was to investigate the flow patterns and heat transfer of a top heat mode closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves (THMCLOHP/CV). In this study, the heat pipe was made of a high-quality glass capillary tube with an inner diameter of 2.4 mm bent into 10 meandering turns. The number of check valves was 2 and the tube was filled with R141b at a filling ratio of 50% of internal volume of the tube. The combined lengths of the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections were equal to 50 mm. The pipe was operated at the top heat mode, and the angles of inclination were 20°, 40°, 60°, 80°, and 90°. The heat applied at the evaporator section was controlled at 85°Cto 105°C, and 125°C. The results show that in the evaporator section, bubbles are produced and grow as a result of the continuous nucleate boiling. They coalesced and their volume expanded. Similarly, in the condenser section the vapor plug condensate caused the bubbles to collapse and accumulate as a liquid mass at the lower section of the U-bend tube. A new slug then developed and the bubbles coalesced in an upward flow. Heat flux increased when the evaporator temperature and inclination angle increased causing the average length of the vapor plug to decrease and the average velocity of vapor plug to increase. The maximum heat flux occurred at an evaporator temperature of 125°C and an inclination angle of minus 90°.     

燕尾形轴向槽道热管瞬态特性实验研究及热阻模型

实验研究燕尾形轴向槽道热管启动/关闭及负荷变化的瞬态响应特性。建立了燕尾形轴向槽道热管的热阻理论预测模型,分析工作温度和热负荷及对热管总热阻的影响。结果表明:热管在负荷突然增加或减小时,响应特性良好;热管在启动过程中,热管的蒸发段、绝热段和冷凝段的温度都在增大;总热阻随热负荷的增大而增大;然而,总热阻受工作温度的影响较小;比较总热阻和平均温差的实验测量和计算值,两者符合较好。     

Heat pipe heat exchanger optimization

An equation to determine the optimum position of the partition separating a heat pipe into evaporator and condenser regions in a heat pipe heat exchanger was formulated by minimizing the total thermal resistance of the heat path. The optimal position of the partition plate for various operating conditions was found and analysed. Some improvements of thermal efficiency could be achieved.     

The sorption heat pipe—a new device for thermal control and active cooling

The sorption heat pipe (SHP) is a new heat transfer device, which can be used as a sorption cooler or as a heat pipe. The SHP has a sorbent bed (adsorber/desorber and evaporator) at one end and a condenser+evaporator at the other end. This device is insensitive to some “g” acceleration and could be suggested for space and ground application. The most crucial feature of this device is that in different cases it can be used, for example, as a loop heat pipe, because they have the same evaporator and condenser, or as a SHP. The SHP can be used also as a cryogenic cooler. The SHP is convenient for cryogenic fluid storage, when the system does not work at low pressure and room temperature, and for use in the active cryogenic thermal control systems of spacecraft in orbit (cold plates for infrared observation of the Earth or space), or as an efficient electronic component cooling device.     

组合式热管换热器在热泵系统中的试验研究

采用组合式热管换热器作为生活浊水余热热泵热水器的热管蒸发器,并在试验台上进行了不同污水进口温度和不同污水流量的可视化试验,通过分析试验结果,发现组合式热管上升管和下降管的温差很大的现象,这与热管特性相矛盾。采用理论分析和实验相结合的方法,研究了热管中产生温差的原因。它主要是由于下降管压力损失较大,使热管工质在热管蒸发器中的滞留引起。     

Transient lumped heat pipe analyses

A transient lumped heat pipe formulation for conventional heat pipes is presented and the lumped analytical solutions for different boundary conditions at the evaporator and condenser are given. For high temperature heat pipes with a radiative boundary condition at the condenser, a nonlinear ordinary differential equation is solved. In an attempt to reduce computer demands, a transient lumped conductive model has been developed for noncondensible gas-loaded heat pipes. The lumped flat-front transient model was extended by accounting for axial heat conduction across the sharp vapor-gas interface. The analytical solutions for conventional and gas-loaded heat pipes were compared with the corresponding numerical results of the full two-dimensional conservation equations and experimental data, with good agreement.     

Feasibility and design studies for heat recovery from a refrigeration system with a canopus heat exchanger

This paper presents an investigation of the feasibility of heat recovery from the condenser of a vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) system through a Canopus heat exchanger (CHE) between the compressor and condenser components. The presence of the CHE makes it possible to recover the superheat of the discharged vapour and utilize it for increasing the temperature of the external fluid (water) removing heat from the condenser. The effects of the operating temperatures in the condenser and evaporator for different inlet water temperatures and mass flow rates on the heat recovery output and its distribution over the condenser and CHE (the fraction of the condenser heat available through the CHE), available outlet water temperature and heat recovery factor have all been studied and optimum operating parameters for feasible heat recovery have been ascertained. The parametric results obtained for different working fluids, such as R-22, R-12, R-717 and R-500, have been presented. It is found that, in general, a heat recovery factor of the order of 2.0 and 40% of condenser heat can be recovered through the Canopus heat exchanger for a typical set of operating conditions.     

聚光型光伏电池冷却热管蒸发端的数值模拟

针对碟式聚光型太阳能光伏电池效率受温度制约的问题,采用两相闭式热虹吸管(重力热管)散热的方式,工质采用水.热管的蒸发端与聚光太阳能电池接触,其温度场对电池性能和热管效率影响显著.通过FLuENT建立了蒸发端底部的数学模型,计算过程中考虑热流密度、蒸汽饱和温度以及充液量对蒸发端性能的影响.计算结果表明,在聚光倍数为140...