HIV感染者口腔白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌溶血性的比较

目的:探讨HIV感染者口腔白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌分离株的溶血性,及其与宿主机体免疫力(用CD4细胞计数表示)的关系.方法:40株白色念珠菌和加株光滑念珠菌按单一感染或是否与光滑(白色)念珠菌混合感染及CD4细胞计数的高低进行分组,采用羊血培养基法检测其溶血活性,并进行组间比较.结果:40株白色念珠菌和40株光滑念珠菌溶血活性均为阳性(100%),且光滑念珠菌的溶血性高于白色念珠菌.结论:溶血性是念珠菌的重要毒力因子,HIV感染者口腔光滑念珠菌溶血性高于白色念珠菌.     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病病原学研究

目的 了解复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)致病菌的菌种分布情况及对抗真菌药物的敏感性与外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的不同之处.方法 分别采集VVC患者和RVVC患者阴道分泌物进行念珠菌培养、鉴定和药敏试验.结果 76例RVVC病例经鉴定白色念珠菌60株(78.94%),光滑念珠菌6株(7.89%),热带念珠菌5株(6.57%),克柔念珠菌5株(6.57%),与VVC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RVVC的念珠菌菌株对药物的敏感率为制霉菌素最高,其次为两性霉素B、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑.RVVC组与VVC组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.01).结论 RVVC的主要致病菌仍是白色念珠菌,但非白色念珠菌所占比例呈上升趋势;制霉菌素对阴道内真菌的敏感率最高,是治疗真菌感染的首选药物,RVVC致病菌株对唑类抗真菌药物仍有较高的敏感率.     

校正念珠菌定植指数在重症侵袭性念珠菌感染抢先治疗中的应用——多中心前瞻性随机对照临床研究

目的 评价运用校正念珠菌定植指数(CCI)对发生侵袭性念珠菌感染(ICI)高危重症患者进行抗念珠菌抢先治疗的有效性,并获取念珠菌流行病学资料.方法 选择2008年10月1日-2009年4月30日天津市5家三级甲等医院重症监护病房(ICU)内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅰ(APACHE Ⅰ)评分10分以上住院患者110例,随机分为CCI组(55例)和对照组(55例)对CCI进行监测.对照组依据临床医师经验对患者制定治疗方案.CCI组临床出现脓毒症且CCI≥0.4者立即给予抗念珠菌治疗,CCI<0.4者则不予抗念珠菌治疗;如临床症状加重甚至生命体征不稳定,则进行补救性抗念珠菌治疗.结果 两组患者一般资料、治疗方法、APACHE Ⅰ评分及脓毒症发生率、ICU停留时间等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).CCI组和对照组分别有48例和50例发生脓毒症,自发生脓毒症起至临床应用抗念珠菌药物所需时间分别为(0.94±0.67)d,(3.75±3.62)d(P<0.05);CCI≥0.4(57例)与CCI<0.4(53例)两者间ICU内停留时间[分别为(15.34±6.63)d,(7.24±3.75)d]、不能建立肠内营养支持率(分别为64.9%,43.4%)也存在显著差异(P均<0.05),而APACHE Ⅰ评分、需要机械通气和血液净化等脏器支持治疗者的比例差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).分析110例患者575株念珠菌多部位定植菌种分布显示,白色念珠菌仍占较大比例(59.3%),热带念珠菌占10.8%,其他依次为光滑念珠菌、罗伦特隐球菌、克柔念珠菌.结论 运用CCI可增加对ICU内ICI实施抢先治疗的准确性和时效性,同时可获得患者ICI菌种流行病学资料.     

念珠菌血流感染病原学及影响预后的危险因素分析

目的:研究影响念珠菌血流感染的病原学分布及影响预后的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2009-12-2013-01南京医科大学第一附属医院48例住院患者的念珠菌血流感染的病历资料。根据出院时的预后分为死亡组(16例)和存活组(32例),收集人口学资料、入住单元、基础疾病、有创操作、血培养菌株及耐药性、入院时急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分和序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分;通过多因素logistic回归分析确定影响念珠菌血流感染预后的危险因素。同时通过比较白色念珠菌与非白色念珠菌血流感染的差别,分析念珠菌血流感染病原学及耐药性特点与变化。结果:48例念珠菌血流感染患者中白色念珠菌14例(29.2%),非白色念珠菌34例(70.8%)。APACHEⅡ评分(OR 1.140,95%CI 1.016~1.279,P0.05)与血清白蛋白低于25g/L(OR 25.565,95%CI 2.388~273.695,P0.01)是念珠菌血流感染预后不佳的危险因素。结论:念珠菌血流感染的病原菌以非白色念珠菌为主,尤其是光滑念珠菌,念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药性较高。入院时APACHEⅡ评分、血清白蛋白(ALB)低于25g/L是念珠菌血流感染死亡的危险因素。     

某地区女性生殖道念珠菌感染的病原学调查

目的探讨该地区女性生殖道念珠菌(VVC)感染的病原学分析。方法对2013年5月至2014年4月该院体检女性的阴道分泌物标本进行KOH悬滴法检测,复诊时进行真菌培养检查的标本,使用沙保罗培养基分离菌株并鉴定菌种,将分离的白色念珠菌做药物敏感试验。结果 15 199例标本共检出真菌阳性标本926例。不同年龄组间和不同季节间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=45.714,P0.001;χ2=13.784,P=0.003),老年组患者和冬季阳性率较低。286例真菌标本培养出念珠菌197例,其中白色念珠菌78.17%(154/197),光滑念珠菌10.15%(20/197),热带念珠菌6.09%(12/197),近平滑念珠菌3.05%(6/197),克柔念珠菌2.03%(4/197),酿酒酵母菌0.51%(1/197)。白色念珠菌对制霉菌素敏感率为100.0%,5-氟胞嘧啶敏感率94.2%,氟康唑敏感率94.8%,咪康唑敏感率75.3%,酮康唑敏感率85.1%,伊曲康唑敏感率77.9%。结论生殖道念珠菌感染主要是育龄女性,且菌种分布差异无统计学意义。     

77例念珠菌感染患者尿沉渣检测结果分析

目的通过对感染念珠菌阴道炎患者的尿沉渣检查,观察其红细胞、白细胞和上皮细胞的变化情况。方法随机抽取某妇科诊所2011年1月至2012年1月所有就诊进行尿沉渣检测的患者154例,将其分为两组:真菌阳性组(77例)和真菌阴性组(77例),对其念珠菌感染进行全自动尿沉渣检查,对比分析真菌阳性组与真菌阴性组患者尿沉渣的红细胞、白细胞以及上皮细胞的变化情况。结果真菌阳性组的患者尿沉渣的红细胞、白细胞及上皮细胞的数量分别是(13.89±7.38)个、(12.10±4.50)个、(10.11±3.39)个;真菌阴性组的患者尿沉渣的红细胞、白细胞及其上皮细胞的数量分别是(4.19±2.86)个、(3.34±2.19)个、(3.37±2.45)个,从对比结果来看,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过试验对比观察得知,念珠菌感染患者的尿沉渣中的红细胞和白细胞以及上皮细胞的数量明显比没有感染念珠菌的患者多。也从侧面说明感染念珠菌阴道炎的患者要早发现、早治疗,否则可能引起尿道感染等并发症。     

氟康唑与伊曲康唑治疗口腔白色念珠菌病疗效比较

目的比较氟康唑与伊曲康唑对口腔白色念珠菌病的治疗效果,为临床治疗口腔念珠菌的感染用药选择提供指导。方法共有73例口腔白色念珠菌感染病人,随机分为两组,分别用氟康唑与伊曲康唑进行治疗,观其疗效。结果氟康唑组治疗总有效率75%,伊曲康唑组治疗总有效率64.86%,统计学分析显示两组疗效无显著差异。结论氟康唑与伊曲康唑治疗口腔白色念珠菌病疗效相近,可以根据不良反应、病人耐药性等具体情况选择用药。     

共同感染对白色念珠菌感染状态的影响研究

目的研究致病大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌共同感染对白色念珠菌侵袭力和破坏性的影响。方法通过构建白色念珠菌和致病大肠杆菌共同感染离体肠上皮细胞（ Caco-2）的模型来研究共同感染对白色念珠菌感染状态的影响。通过倒置显微镜观察感染早期发生侵袭的白色念珠菌特征;通过测定乳酸脱氢酶（ LDH）活性评估上皮细胞被破坏程度;通过实时荧光定量PCR （ qRT-PCR）检测感染相关基因（ ALS3、 PLB1和SAP4）表达调控情况。采用SAS软件包进行数据统计分析。采用方差分析比较进行多组之间的比较,对于组间有差异的数据进一步采用Bonferroni法进行两两比较。以P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果显微镜观察发现共同感染组比单纯白色念珠菌感染组在感染早期更容易发生上皮细胞侵袭,侵袭的白色念珠菌呈簇状分布; LDH活性检测显示同时共同感染组（组3）最高（与组1、组2、组4、组5比较 F 值分别为14.48、5.48、11.74、3.45, P＜0.05）,致病大肠杆菌继发白色念珠菌感染组（组5）和单纯致病大肠杆菌感染组（组2）之间差异无统计学意义（F＝2.03, P＝0.54）,白色念珠菌继发致病大肠杆菌感染组（组4）和单纯白色念珠菌感染组（组1）之间差异无统计学意义（F＝2.74, P＝0.11）,组5、组2LDH活性值大于组1、组4（P＜0.05）;同时伴随白色念珠菌致病相关基因（PLB1和SAP4）上调, PLB1基因表达组3高于组1（ P ＝0.0143）, SAP4表达组3、组5高于组1（ P 值分别为0.0272、0.0018）。结论致病大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌共同感染增强了白色念珠菌的侵袭力和破坏性,并且增强的程度与两种菌的发病顺序和共存时间长短有关。     

60例口腔黏膜病患者口腔白色念珠菌感染情况分析

分析60例口腔黏膜患者口腔白色念珠菌感染情况。随机抽取在2017年2月~2017年8月在本院接受治疗的60例口腔黏膜病患者作为研究对象,其中按照年纪将其分为六组,20~29岁作为一组,共6例;30~39岁作为二组,共8例;40~49岁作为三组,共9例;50~59岁作为四组,共11例;60~69岁作为五组,共12例;大于或等于70岁作为六组,共14例。观察口腔白色念珠菌感染的性别以及年龄差异。口腔白色念珠菌感染率为78.33%,其中女性感染率高于男性患者感染率。一组中2例(3.33%)患者感染;二组中6例(75.0%)患者感染;三组中7例(77.8%)例患者感染;四组中9例(81.8%)患者感染;五组中10例(83.3%)患者感染;六组中13例(92.9%)患者感染;五组中10例(83.33%)患者感染;六组中13例(92.86%)患者感染,由此可知白色念珠菌感染率随着患者年龄的增长而上升,其中四、五、六组患者白色念珠菌感染率明显高于一、二组,差异显著(P0.05);五、六组患者感染率明显高于三、四组,差异显著(P0.05);六组患者感染率显著高于5组,差异显著(P0.05)。研究发现,口腔黏膜患者白色念珠菌的感染率随着年龄上涨而上升,女性患者的比例大于男性。     

HIV感染者口腔念珠菌检出率及菌种分布

目的:检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者口腔念珠菌的驻菌情况.方法:取82例HIV感染者口腔含漱液并以形态学、酵母菌鉴定系统及45℃生长试验等方法进行分型鉴定,计算不同念珠菌的检出率.结果:82例HIV感染者中60例可培养出念珠菌,检出率73.17%.其中白色念珠菌42例(51.22%),非白色念珠菌48例(58.54%).共分离出211株念珠菌,其中光滑念珠菌103株(48.82%),白色念珠菌95株(45.02%),热带念珠菌4株(1.90%),近平滑念珠菌4株(1.90%),菌膜念珠菌2株(0.95%),其他3株(1.42%).29例患者检出单一菌株(12例为白色念珠菌,15例为光滑念珠菌,1例为热带念珠菌,1例为近平滑念珠菌),占51.7%;31例检出多种菌株(30例为2种菌株,1例为3种菌株),占48.3%.结论:HIV感染者口腔的主要菌种是白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌,并且白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌共存的比例大于单一菌株的比例.     

白假丝酵母菌耐吡咯类药物的ERG11基因分析

目的 研究白假丝酵母菌耐吡咯类药物的ERG11的变异情况.方法 将93例诊断为真菌性阴道炎的患者的阴道分泌物标本进行真菌培养,筛选白假丝酵母菌菌株,利用纸片扩散法进行氟康唑、酮康唑、咪康唑药敏试验,用加热裂解法提取菌株DNA,扩增ERG11基因,扩增后的PCR产物进行双向测序,测序结果与GenBank中的标准序列（SC5314）比较分析.结果 93例均培养出假丝酵母菌,包括60株白假丝酵母菌,19株热带假丝酵母菌,9株克柔假丝酵母菌和5株光滑假丝酵母菌;白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、酮康唑、咪康唑耐药率分别为13.33%,20.00％和51.67％;对白假丝酵母菌的ERG11基因测序发现存在25个碱基突变位点,其中13个同义突变,12个错义突变,其中有6个是新变异：V36F,V51L,T123I,E194K,Y257H和K344N.结论 耐吡咯类药物白假丝酵母菌ERG11基因有多个错义突变位点,其中某些位点突变导致的氨基酸变异可能与其耐药性产生有关.     

生殖道白色念珠菌耐吡咯类药物的基因表达

目的了解生殖道白色念珠菌耐吡咯类药物基因的表达情况。方法收集真菌性阴道炎患者分泌物标本93份,分离白色念珠菌后用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,裂解法提取白色念珠菌的吡咯类药物耐药株和敏感株的总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测白色念珠菌多药耐药基因CDRl、CDR2、MDRl的表达情况。结果共培养出59株白色念珠菌,18株热带念珠菌,10株克柔念珠菌,6株光滑念珠菌;白念珠菌中37株对氟康唑、酮康唑、咪康唑不同程度耐药,耐药率分别为16.7%、18.3%、51.7%;白念珠菌耐药株CDR1基因的2~(-△△Ct)为1.46±0.24,敏感株为1.09±0.27,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.22,P=0.001);CDR2及MDRl基因的表达差异均无统计学意义(P=0.170,P=0.800)。结论白色念珠菌耐药机制较为复杂,可能与CDR1高表达有关,CDR2和MDR1表达与耐药性的关系有待进一步研究。     

Prior antimicrobial therapy and risk for hospital-acquired Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungemia: a case-case-control study

The incidence of infections caused by Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, which are generally more resistant to fluconazole than Candida albicans, is increasing in hospitalized patients. However, the extent to which prior exposure to specific antimicrobial agents increases the risk of subsequent C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia has not been closely studied. A retrospective case-case-control study was performed at a university hospital. From 1998 to 2003, 60 patients were identified with hospital-acquired non-C. albicans candidemia (C. glabrata or C. krusei; case group 1). For comparison, 68 patients with C. albicans candidemia (case group 2) and a common control group of 121 patients without candidemia were studied. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors, and the risk for candidemia associated with exposure to specific antimicrobial agents was assessed. After adjusting for both nonantimicrobial risk factors and receipt of other antimicrobial agents, piperacillin-tazobactam (odds ratio [OR], 4.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 16.50) and vancomycin (OR, 6.48; CI, 2.20 to 19.13) were significant risk factors for C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia. For C. albicans candidemia, no specific antibiotics remained a significant risk after adjusted analysis. Prior fluconazole use was not significantly associated with either C. albicans or non-C. albicans (C. glabrata or C. krusei) candidemia. In this single-center study, exposure to antibacterial agents, specifically vancomycin or piperacillin-tazobactam, but not fluconazole, was associated with subsequent hospital-acquired C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia. Further studies are needed to prospectively analyze specific antimicrobial risks for nosocomial candidemia across multiple hospital centers.     

住院患者下呼吸道374株念珠菌鉴定及对抗真菌药物的耐药性

目的分析患者下呼吸道念珠菌属分布及药敏特点,为指导临床用药提供理论依据。方法采用科玛嘉显色培养基对分离的374株念珠菌进行菌种鉴定,并用ATBFUNGUS 2INT进行真菌药敏试验。结果念珠菌属中白色念珠菌仍是最常见的,光滑念珠菌居第2位占14．4％;白色念珠菌对氟康唑及伊曲康唑的耐药率均较前提高;光滑念珠菌对氟康唑及伊曲康唑的敏感率较低,仅为29．6％;克柔念珠菌天生对氟康唑耐药。两性霉素B及氟胞嘧啶对念珠菌的敏感率较高分别为99．6％,98．0％。结论念珠菌属对抗真菌药物的敏感性下降,应加强念珠菌的检测和敏感性分析。     

895例假丝酵母菌属分布及耐药性研究

目的了解医院感染假丝酵母菌属检出情况及其药物敏感性。方法采用细菌分离培养法和药敏试验方法,对医院感染临床标本进行分离培养鉴定并进行药敏试验。结果在2008年期间,该医院共检出895株假丝酵母菌属,其中居前三位的有白假丝酵母505株,占56.4%;热带假丝酵母菌222株,占24.8%;光滑假丝酵母菌127株,占14.2%。白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑等5种抗真菌药敏感率均为100%。热带假丝酵母菌对上述五种抗菌药物敏感率除伏立康唑仅为0.5%之外,其余均达到97%以上。光滑假丝酵母菌对5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B敏感率为100%,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑敏感率均为79.5%。结论白假丝酵母菌对抗真菌药物具有较高敏感性;热带假丝酵母菌和光滑假丝酵母菌对少数抗真菌药存在耐药情况。     

PCR-RFLP在VVC相关念珠菌菌种鉴定中的应用

目的:用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技术快速准确鉴定外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)相关念珠菌菌种,并对科玛嘉显色培养法、Vitek 2 YST鉴定卡和PCR-RFLP 3种方法鉴定念珠菌菌种的效果进行方法学评价。方法:收集贵阳市妇幼保健院VVC患者感染的念珠菌菌种100株,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB)法提取念珠菌DNA,PCR扩增念珠菌DNA的ITS片段并进行测序分析确定念珠菌菌种;分别采用科玛嘉显色培养法、Vitek 2 YST鉴定卡和PCR-RFLP 3种方法对其进行鉴定,以测序结果为“金标准”,比较3种方法鉴定念珠菌菌种的正确率。结果:科玛嘉显色培养法中5株葡萄牙念珠菌与2株酿酒念珠菌显色错误,均显淡紫色;Vitek 2 YST鉴定卡中,1株白念珠菌与2株热带念珠菌鉴定不出,Cyberlindnera fabianii、Candida orthopsilosis与Candida metapsilosis鉴定错误;PCR-RFLP采用内切酶MspⅠ可成功鉴定念珠菌中除Candida metapsilosis、Candida orthopsilosis与近平滑念珠菌之外的其他菌种,进一步采用内切酶ApaⅠ与NcoⅠ可将Candida metapsilosis、Candida Orthopsilosis与近平滑念珠菌三者鉴别开。科玛嘉显色培养法对白念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、热带念珠菌等3种念珠菌鉴定正确率100%,对光滑念珠菌的鉴定正确率为73.1%;Vitek 2 YST鉴定卡可鉴定常见念珠菌且正确率较高,不能鉴定Cyberlindnera fabianii、Candida orthopsilosis与Candida metapsilosis等非常见念珠菌;PCR-RFLP技术可快速准确鉴定所有念珠菌菌种。结论:PCR-RFLP技术为早期准确鉴定临床念珠菌感染提供了新的选择,具有很好的应用前景。     

In vitro activities of isavuconazole and other antifungal agents against Candida bloodstream isolates

Isavuconazole is the active component of the new azole antifungal agent BAL8557, which is entering phase III clinical development. This study was conducted to compare the in vitro activities of isavuconazole and five other antifungal agents against 296 Candida isolates that were recovered consecutively from blood cultures between 1995 and 2004 at a tertiary care university hospital. Microdilution testing was done in accordance with CLSI (formerly NCCLS) guideline M27-A2 in RPMI-1640 MOPS (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid) broth. The antifungal agents tested were amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole. C. albicans was the most common species, representing 57.1% of all isolates. There was no trend found in favor of non-Candida albicans species over time. In terms of MIC(50)s, isavuconazole was more active (0.004 mg/liter) than amphotericin B (0.5 mg/liter), itraconazole (0.008 mg/liter), voriconazole (0.03 mg/liter), flucytosine (0.125 mg/liter), and fluconazole (8 mg/liter). For isavuconazole, MIC(50)s/MIC(90)s ranged from 000.2/0.004 mg/liter for C. albicans to 0.25/0.5 mg/liter for C. glabrata. Two percent of isolates (C. glabrata and C. krusei) were resistant to fluconazole; C. albicans strains resistant to fluconazole were not detected. There were only two isolates with MICs for isavuconazole that were >0.5 mg/liter: both were C. glabrata isolates, and the MICs were 2 and 4 mg/liter, respectively. In conclusion, isavuconazole is highly active against Candida bloodstream isolates, including fluconazole-resistant strains. It was more active than itraconazole and voriconazole against C. albicans and C. glabrata and appears to be a promising agent against systemic Candida infections.     

19F nuclear magnetic resonance study of fluoropyrimidine metabolism in strains of Candida glabrata with specific defects in pyrimidine metabolism.

Flucytosine (5-FC)-resistant strains were isolated from the haploid opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata by UV-induced mutation and fluoropyrimidine selection. These strains were characterized biochemically, and the metabolism of fluorinated pyrimidines was studied by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No evidence was obtained from these studies for degradative metabolism of the fluorinated derivatives. In the parental susceptible strain of C. glabrata, 5-fluorouracil but not 5-FC was detected within the cells. 5-Fluorouracil was also present in the culture supernatant after incubation of the cells with 5-FC. The distribution of fluorinated derivatives within the 5-FC-resistant strains was consistent with their genotype. Two strains of C. glabrata which had only a partial loss of cytosine deaminase and UMP pyrophosphorylase activity had high levels of resistance to 5-FC. Both C. glabrata and Candida albicans were susceptible to 5-fluorouridine. This compound but not the anticancer drug 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine was shown to be transported into susceptible cells by a specific uridine permease.     

Correlation of posaconazole minimum fungicidal concentration and time kill test against nine Candida species

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the in vitro activity of posaconazole against nine Candida species using minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) measurements and time-kill methods. METHODS: MFCs of posaconazole were determined for 209 clinical isolates (32 Candida albicans, 30 Candida glabrata, 21 Candida tropicalis, 29 Candida krusei, 28 Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, 50 Candida inconspicua, 13 Candida kefyr, 3 Candida lusitaniae and 3 Candida guilliermondii) and 7 ATCC Candida strains. The following strains were tested in time-kill studies: 3 strains each of C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii and C. lusitaniae; 2 C. tropicalis; 4 C. albicans; 4 C. inconspicua; 9 C. krusei; 12 C. parapsilosis; and 7 ATCC strains. RESULTS: Posaconazole was fungicidal in both MFC and time-kill experiments (at 2 mg/L within 48 h in time-kill assays) against each C. krusei, C. inconspicua and C. lusitaniae strain and was fungistatic against each C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii strain. For the C. parapsilosis strains, posaconazole MFCs were 相似文献   

Therapy and outcome of Candida glabrata versus Candida albicans bloodstream infection

Candida glabrata is a common cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) and exhibits reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents. Those with C. glabrata BSI may therefore be at increased risk for a delay in receiving appropriate therapy and poor treatment outcome. We compared treatment and outcome of patients with C. glabrata to controls with Candida albicans BSI. Each patient with C. glabrata BSI from July 1997 through December 2004 was matched with a control patient infected with C. albicans. Appropriateness of therapy was defined using current guidelines, and the mortality end point was 30 days following the initial positive blood culture. Overall, 78% of patients received appropriate therapy (39/54 [72%] for C. glabrata versus 45/54 [83%] for C. albicans, P = 0.2). Crude 30-day mortality was high for both groups (41% for C. glabrata versus 44% for C. albicans, P = 0.7). There was no trend in mortality according to time of therapy initiation, but mortality was lower for those who received appropriate therapy (35% versus 71% for inappropriate therapy, P = 0.002). Twelve percent of patients received no antifungal therapy and contributed disproportionately to overall crude mortality. Strategies to decrease the incidence of untreated candidemia may favorably impact outcome.