稳定物质转移通道形成双黑洞

由于缺乏足够的观测数据,大质量恒星的研究进展缓慢,到目前为止大质量恒星演化和黑洞详细的形成过程还存在较大争议.LIGO首次探测到恒星级双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号,这不但验证了爱因斯坦20世纪的预言,而且还证实了大质量双黑洞的存在.研究工作采用恒星演化程序MESA(Modules for Experiments in S...     

简并双星的形成途径及其Monte—Carlo分析

本系统地研究了简并双星的形成,提出了简并双星形成的三种形成途径;稳定的洛希瓣物质交流－公共包层途径,公共包层－公共包层途径,核暴露－公共包层途径,并对简并双星的形成进行了Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ模拟,探讨了模型参量（潮汐星风增强系数,稳定的洛希瓣物质交流过程中物质转移效率,双星初始质量比分布,公共包层抛射效率）对结果的影响,本模型成功地解释了简并双星的形成,解释了简并双星的质量分布,质量比分布和周     

黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比周期特性研究

利用离散傅里叶分析法,基于RXTE (Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer)/ASM(All-Sky Monitor,1.5～12 keV)观测数据,对黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比HR(5～12 keV/3～5 keV)(简写HR)的时变特性进行了分析,结果表明黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1硬度比HR存在明显的周期特性:(1)混合态(硬态+软态,本文指MJD=50087～55841期间所有的观测数据)时,HR存在T≈5.6 d、40.0 d、78.4 d、173.8 d以及400/800 d的时变周期; (2)硬态时, HR存在T≈5.6 d、33.7/67.6 d、45.3 d和165.3 d的周期特性; (3)软态时,HR出现了T≈38.5 d、48.1 d和128.3 d的周期性变化.并利用粘滞理论和Zdziarski吸积盘模型讨论了以上周期特性的物理机制.     

黑洞候选体X射线双星CygX-1长期谱变化的研究

利用Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer(RXTE)卫星从1996年1月5日到2005年5月1日的all-sky monitor(ASM,1.5-12KeV)资料,详细分析了黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1在A-band(1.5-3KeV),B-band(3-5KeV)和C-band(5-12KeV)三个能段上光子计数率与谱线硬度比HR2(5-12KeV/3-5KeV)的相关性.利用1天时标的ASM资料研究发现: (1)Cyg X-1处于软态时,在A-band上光子计数率与硬度比HR2呈现反相关性,而在B-band和C-band上呈现正相关性.当该天体处于硬态时,在A、B、C三个能段上光子计数率与硬度比HR2都是反相关的.(2)Cyg X-1处于硬态和软态时,硬度比HR2与HR1都是正相关的.此外,还分析了ASM上\"Dwell by Dwell\"资料,得到了十分有趣的结果,即: (1)MJD=52600-52760期间(此时Cyg X-1处于硬态),A-band和B-band上的光子计数率与HR2是反相关性的,而在C-band上却呈现出较强的正相关性. (2)硬态时,硬度比HR2与HR1存在明显的反相关性.     

粘滞对黑洞吸积盘的截断的影响

采用吸积盘-冕模型研究了粘滞对黑洞X射线双星和低光度活动星系核(LLAGN)中吸积盘的截断以及黑洞X射线双星中高低态转变的影响.以前的分析表明,冕的结构对粘滞的大小非常敏感.因此详细计算了一系列粘滞系数情况下冕的结构.为了便于与观测比较,将数值计算结果进行解析拟合得到最大蒸发率和粘滞系数a的关系,M/MEDD≈1.08a3.35;截断半径和粘滞系数的关系,R/Rs≈36.11a-1.94.这些结果可以用来解释光谱态的高低态的转换和截断半径的变化.并将这些结果应用到几个黑洞X射线双星XTE J118 480,GX 339-4,以及活动星系核NGC 4636中.     

黑洞双星的B型QPO频率与幂律通量的相关性的解释

观测表明, 黑洞双星的B型准周期振荡(Quasi-Periodic Oscillation, QPO)频率与幂律通量之间存在正相关性. 试图基于阿尔文波振荡模型定量解释该相关性. 标准薄吸积盘辐射通量极大值处的阿尔文波振荡产生QPO. 标准薄盘上的软光子与冕或喷流基部的热电子介质发生逆康普顿散射产生幂律通量. 通过吸积率的连续变化, 得到QPO频率与幂律通量关系的分析解和数值解. 模拟得到的相关性在合理的参数范围内与观测值相吻合. QPO频率与幂律通量的正相关性可以理解为, 较强的磁场导致较高的阿尔文波频率和较高的电子温度从而得到较高的幂律通量. 结果表明B型QPO可能与吸积盘或喷流中的环向磁场的活动有关.     

黑洞的搜寻和证认（Ⅱ）：脉冲星—黑洞（PSR—BH）双星系统的研究和搜寻

综述了脉冲星－黑洞系统的诞生率理论并指出近期发现该系统的可能性。通过综述和分析脉冲星－中子星系统的观测特性,特别是脉冲星精确守时性对精确确定双星轨道参量和验证引力理论的重要意义。     

光学相机FOC对黑洞双星高时间分辨测光性能研究

黑洞暂现双星MAXI J1820+070于2018年3月的明亮爆发为研究光学快速测光能力提供了重要机遇. 以快速光学相机(Fast Optical Camera, FOC)为终端设备分别在2018年4月22日、5月26日和8月31日(UTC)使用云南天文台丽江观测站2.4m望远镜对爆发中的黑洞双星MAXI J1820+070进行了亚秒时标的测光观测. 通过观测数据分析, 研究了相机的快速测光性能.对全帧和1/4帧两种观测模式的帧间间隔(frame time), 测得平均帧间间隔为(22.866 pm 0.679)ms和(5.868 pm 0.169)ms. 通过视场中多颗明亮参考源校准,提取了观测对象和参考源的光变曲线, 获得了光变曲线的傅里叶功率谱, 区分了观测对象本征光变和仪器或望远镜等观测因素带来的非本征光变, 成功探测到目标黑洞双星MAXI J1820+070中的光学波段低频准周期振荡信号, 并判别了观测中来自仪器设备或与观测条件相关的时变信号. 这成功验证了相机高速稳定的测光性能和对短至5ms时标光变信号的探测能力.     

极贫金属晕星中Eu元素的起源

快中子过程(r-过程)发生在富中子的环境中.但是它所在的具体天体物理环境并不是很清楚.随着观测的进展,近年发现了很多的极贫金属的晕星.它们有两个特征:一是快中子元素超丰,并且相对丰度与太阳上的一致.另一个特征是当金属丰度一样时,星体中快中子元素的含量有大的弥散性.这为研究r-过程起源提供了一种独特的途径.模拟计算的方法,用于研究星系演化的过程,以及相伴发生的恒星的快中子核素含量的弥散性,可用来了解快中子元素的起源这样得出的星系演化模型,不仅包含了气体区域自发的恒星形成,而且考虑了超新星爆发激发的恒星形成.结果显示,低质量端的超新星应是快中子核素的产生地.同时,超新星引起的星系演化的不均匀性不足以解释观测到的晕星快中子元素含量的弥散,因此这个问题还有待于更进一步研究.     

The Formation of Black Hole Binaries

A peak exists in the distribution of observed black hole masses and no satisfactory explanation has been forthcoming so far. Here, we attempt an interpretation. We first establish a link between the helium core mass and the initial black hole mass, based on the result of 2-dimensional simulation of stellar core collapse by Fryer et al. Then the helium core masses are computed by using the PPE stellar evolution code, and the distribution of initial black hole masses for black hole binaries in stellar populations II and I is obtained. These are then compared with observations.     

Formation and Evolution of Intermediate Mass Black Hole X-Ray Binaries

The evolution of young (≲ 10 Myr) star clusters with a density exceeding about 10⁵ star pc⁻³ are strongly affected by physical stellar collisions during their early lifetime. In such environments the same star may participate in several tens to hundreds of collisions ultimately leading to the collapse of the star to a black hole of intermediate mass. At later time, the black hole may acquire a companion star by tidal capture or by dynamical – three-body – capture. When the captured star evolves it starts to fill its Roche-lobe and transfers mass to its accompanying black hole. This then leads to a bright phase of X-ray emission, which lasts for the remaining main-sequence lifetime of the donor. If the star captured by the intermediate mass black hole is relatively low mass ≲ 2 M⊙) the binary will also be visible as a bright source in gravitational waves. Based on empirical models we argue that, for as long as the donor remains on the main sequence, the source will be ultraluminous L_x >rsim 10⁴⁰ ergs^-1 for about a week every few month. When the donor star is more massive >15 M⊙, or evolved off the main sequence the bright time is longer, but the total accretion phase lasts much shorter.     

The Evolution of Massive Close Binaries

We present results of evolutionary computations for massive close binaries with the Brussels simultaneous evolution code for conservative and non-conservative Roche lobe overflow (RLOF). We discuss mass transfer in massive close binaries during phases of RLOF, common envelope, spiral-in and merging. We examine the effects of stellar wind during successive stellar evolution phases and the final fate of primaries. We show how our library can be used to explain well-known binaries such as the WR + OB system V444 Cyg, HMXBs Vela X-1 and Wray 977, LMXBs like Her X-1, and binary pulsars. More details on the evolution of massive close binaries can be found in “The Brightest Binaries” (Vanbeveren et al., 1998).     

Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Upper Limits on Microhertz Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black-hole Binaries Using PSR J1713+0747FAST Data

We derive the gravitational-wave （GW） strain upper limits from resolvable supermassive black-hole binaries using the data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,in the context of the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array project.We focus on circular orbits in theμHz GW frequency band between 10^-7and 3×10^-6Hz.This frequency band is higher than the traditional pulsar timing array band and is less explored.We used the data of the millisecond pulsar PSR J1713+5307 observed between 2019 August and 2021 April.A dense observation campaign was carried out in 2020 September to allow for theμHz band coverage.Our sky-averaged continuous source upper limit at the 95%confidence level at 1μHz is 1.26×10^-12,while the same limit in the direction of the pulsar is 4.77×10^-13.     

Transneptunian Binaries

The discovery of binaries among the population of transneptunian objects isa landmark advance in the study of this remote region of the solar system.Determination of binary orbits will enable direct determination of systemmasses, fundamental for determination of density, internal structure, and bulkcomposition. The mere existence of binaries with the observed separations andapparent masses constrains models of planetary formation.     

十二颗晚型双星的自转测量

用相同的仪器条件在美国基特峰国立天文台观测了１２颗晚型双星，并用卷积法测得了这１２个双星系统的１５个子星的自转速度，其中５个子星是首次进行自转测量。利用我们自己测得的自转速度值，我们也讨论了这些双星系统中的自转同步性。结果显示：所有轨道周期小于９天的双星系统子星都是周步自转的     

密近双星中的驼峰现象

本文首先介绍激变变星SU UMa型星的驼峰现象和最近发现的X射线新星中各类光变,再从理论上探讨这些光变与驼峰现象的关系,推测驼峰现象不仅出现于光学波段,而且可能出现于紫外和X射线波段.最后,建立一种由驼峰现象判断主星是否为黑洞的可能方法.     

Be Stars in Binaries

A brief review of Be stars in binaries is presented. Attention is paid to systems, where the Be phenomenon is clearly connected to the duplicity, but is not a simple consequence of mass transfer.