石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展

石墨烯独特的分子结构使其具有优异的物理化学性质,这引起了国内外学者的研究兴趣。研究者们相继制备出了各种石墨烯基复合材料,其中,石墨烯基水凝胶是一种实用而吸引人的材料,有着广泛的应用前景。本文对石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展进行了综述,对其在超级电容器、生物医药、水处理等方面的应用做了相关介绍,并对石墨烯基水凝胶的发展前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯气凝胶的可控组装

石墨烯气凝胶一般是由石墨烯片层经过湿法化学组装或气相化学生长获得的一种具有连通多孔网络结构的石墨烯三维宏观体材料,表现出极高的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优异的机械性能等,在电化学储能、吸附、催化以及传感等领域有着极为重要的应用。本文从石墨烯气凝胶的结构设计与组装策略出发,综述了近年来石墨烯纳米结构单元在石墨烯气凝胶材料（氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、化学气相沉积（CVD）石墨烯、以及复合气凝胶等）中的组装行为,并对石墨烯气凝胶目前的现状及今后发展方向做了简要评述。     

黏土基纳米复合水凝胶

介绍了一种以黏土为交联剂的新型纳米复合水凝胶, 重点阐述了水凝胶的结构特点, 制备方法及其特有的力学性能, 自修复性能, 透明度和溶胀性。     

纳米复合水凝胶的研究进展

传统水凝胶存在机械性能差、响应速度慢等缺点,限制了它作为新材料的应用前景。纳米材料具有独特的微观尺度结构和性质,在电子学、光学、机械学、生物学等领域展现出巨大的潜力。将无机纳米材料添加入水凝胶中不但有可能提高水凝胶的机械强度,同时还能赋予凝胶特殊的新性能,如电响应性能、紫外吸收性能、磁敏感性能等。因而纳米复合水凝胶成为近期的研究热点。本文综述了纳米复合水凝胶的增强理论、典型制备方法及其功能化研究进展。     

能使有机溶剂凝胶化的凝胶因子研究进展

较系统地综述了有机凝胶因子的种类及其在有机溶剂中聚集与自我组装,形成有机凝胶的研究进展。     

小分子与高分子混合凝胶研究进展

凝胶作为一种半固态的软物质材料近年来得到很多关注。高分子和小分子都可以作为凝胶的胶凝剂,但是由于在形成过程中两者形成的结构交联与否对形成的凝胶影响很大,表现出了明显的不同。而小分子高分子混合凝胶能整合两者的优势,使混合凝胶兼具小分子凝胶的刺激响应性和高分子凝胶的力学性能。本文从高分子凝胶与小分子凝胶的差异化和互补性方面入手,总结了小分子和高分子的混合凝胶的研究进展。     

手性水凝胶的制备与调控及其应用

手性水凝胶是新近涌现的一个研究领域,以其独特的手性响应性,可逆的吸收膨胀性能,在手性识别、手性分离、药物控制释放和微流控器件等方面均具有广泛的应用前景.因此,手性水凝胶已经成为近些年来材料科学、化学、生物医学等领域的研究热点,如何制备手性响应性好、形成过程可控、结构规整的水凝胶,并加以开发应用成为了研究中的重点.本文概述了手性水凝胶的制备方法,自组装机理,以及目前的应用状况,并展望了其未来的发展趋势.     

3D石墨烯基气凝胶的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

超级电容器作为一种新型的能源存储装置,由于其较高的功率密度、优良的充放电特性、超长的循环寿命,使其在移动电源,新能源汽车等众多领域具有非常广泛的应用前景.3D石墨烯基气凝胶具有多孔结构、大的比表面积、高的导电率、优异的机械性能和电子传输能力,它一直被认为是超级电容器的理想电极材料.本文综述了3D石墨烯基气凝胶的制备方法...     

纳米复合水凝胶在人工软骨中的研究进展

纳米复合水凝胶(nanocomposite hydrogels,NC hydrogels)作为人工软骨修复材料有很大的应用价值和吸引力.由于NC水凝胶具有与天然软骨细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)相似的结构,以及较好的力学性能、刺激响应性等优势,是软骨修复的理想支架材料.本综述详细介绍了用...     

N—异丙基丙烯酰胺系温度敏感聚合物和水凝胶的研究进展

综述了近几年来Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺系温度敏感聚合物和水凝胶研究的最新进展，对其合成方法，性质与结构的关系和开发应用研究都作了较详尽的报道。     

Heterotypic Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Noncovalent Interactions in Inflammasomes

The advance of structural biology has revealed numerous noncovalent interactions between peptide sequences in protein structures, but such information is less explored for developing peptide materials. Here we report the formation of heterotypic peptide hydrogels by the two binding motifs revealed by the structures of an inflammasome. Specifically, conjugating a self-assembling motif to the positively or negatively charged peptide sequence from the ASCPYD filaments of inflammasome produces the solutions of the peptides. The addition of the peptides of the oppositely charged and complementary peptides to the corresponding peptide solution produces the heterotypic hydrogels. Rheology measurement shows that ratios of the complementary peptides affect the viscoelasticity of the resulted hydrogel. Circular dichroism indicates that the addition of the complementary peptides results in electrostatic interactions that modulate self-assembly. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the ratio of the complementary peptides controls the morphology of the heterotypic peptide assemblies. This work illustrates a rational, biomimetic approach that uses the structural information from the protein data base (PDB) for developing heterotypic peptide materials via self-assembly.     

Reversible Phase Transition of Robust Luminescent Hybrid Hydrogels

We report herein on remote control over a reversible phase transition of robust luminescent hybrid hydrogels as enabled by the rational selection and incorporation of photoswitches. Azobenzene units functionalized with a guanidinium group were utilized as the photoswitches and incorporated through a host–guest inclusion method involving α‐cyclodextrins functionalized with 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) groups. While the guanidinium functional groups bind to the negatively charged Laponite matrix surface to connect organic and inorganic components, the PDA groups enable simultaneous coordination with different lanthanide metal ions, thus rendering the hydrogel broadly luminescent. Owing to its conformation‐dependent binding behavior with α‐cyclodextrin, the isomerization of azobenzene induced association or dissociation of the inclusion complexes and thus lead to a reversible photocontrolled sol?gel phase transition of the luminescent hybrid hydrogels.     

Preparation of Homogeneous Hydrogels by Controlling the Crosslinker Reactivity and Availability

Network microstructures of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels were investigated by static light scattering measurements. The gels were prepared by free‐radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide (AAm). To suppress the degree of gel inhomogeneity, the crosslinker reactivity during gelation was controlled by decreasing its availability in the reaction system. Our first approach was the addition of the crosslinker N,N′‐methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAAm) in one or three portions during the course of the gelation reactions. As a second approach, a slightly water soluble crosslinker, namely ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) was used as a crosslinker in AAm polymerization. Due to the low water solubility of EGDM, EGDM phase in the gelation system act as a reservoir of crosslinker so that the crosslinker can be supplied continuously to the aqueous reaction zone during the course of gelation. It was found that the delayed crosslinker addition technique further increases the degree of inhomogeneity of PAAm hydrogels. The results were explained with increasing viscosity of the reaction solution at the time of the crosslinker addition so that the crosslinking reactions are limited to local regions in the reaction system. The second approach, namely use of the slightly water soluble crosslinker EGDM significantly increases the degree of structural homogeneity of PAAm hydrogels.     

石墨烯基电极材料在柔性全固态超级电容器中的研究进展

随着电子产品向着智能化、微型化和便携化的方向发展,亟需发展与之匹配的高效柔性储能器件。 超级电容器由于功率密度高、循环寿命长、安全无污染、易于实现其柔性化等特点,近年来引起人们的广泛关注。 石墨烯材料具有极高的比表面积、优异的电化学性能和良好的机械稳定性,被广泛作为柔性全固态超级电容器的电极材料。 本文简要介绍了石墨烯电极材料的制备方法,并总结了其在柔性全固态超级电容器中的最新研究进展,探讨了其发展前景和面临的挑战。     

Pristine DNA Hydrogels from Biotechnologically Derived Plasmid DNA

DNA hydrogels are of great interest for a variety of biomedical applications owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability but the advantages of DNA hydrogels have not been exploited yet because of their limited availability. Thus far, DNA hydrogels have been prepared from synthetically derived building blocks, and their production on large scale would be far too expensive. As an alternative, here the generation of DNA hydrogels from plasmid DNA is reported. Plasmid DNA can be prepared on large scale at reasonable costs by a fermentation process. The desired linear DNA building blocks are then obtained from the plasmid DNA by enzymatic digestion. Gel formation is carried out by covalent bond formation between individual building blocks via enzymatic ligation. The generation of pristine DNA hydrogels from plasmid DNA is thus presented for the first time. The viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels were studied by rheology, which confirmed that the gels have storage moduli G′ of >100 Pa.     

多孔水凝胶研究进展

水凝胶是亲水性而又不溶于水的高分子聚合物材料,因其独特的吸水、保水和仿生特性而受到材料科学和生物医学工作者的关注。将多孔结构引入水凝胶可以极大地提高其溶胀率、溶胀速率和刺激敏感性。本文结合作者实验室开展的波聚合法制备多孔水凝胶的研究工作,较全面地介绍了国内外多孔水凝胶材料的研究现状及其在生物医药领域的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Surface Molding of Microscale Hydrogels with Microactuation Functionality

This work describes the fabrication of numerous hydrogel microstructures (μ‐gels) via a process called “surface molding.” Chemically patterned elastomeric‐assembly substrates were used to organize and manipulate the geometry of liquid prepolymer microdroplets, which, following photo‐initiated crosslinking, maintained the desired morphology. By adjusting the state of strain during the crosslinking process, a continua of structures could be created using one pattern. These arrays of μ‐gels have stimuli‐responsive properties that are directly applicable to actuation where the basis shape and array geometry of the μ‐gels can be used to rationally generate microactuators with programmed motions. As a method, “surface molding,” represents a powerful addition to the soft‐lithographic toolset that can be readily applied to the simultaneous synthesis of large numbers of geometrically and functionally distinct polymeric microstructures.     

Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels Composed of Maltose-Coupled Amphiphilic Ureas

Maltose is a ubiquitous disaccharide produced by the hydrolysis of starch. Amphiphilic ureas bearing hydrophilic maltose moiety were synthesized via the following three steps: I) construction of urea derivatives by the condensation of 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate and alkylamines, II) reduction of the nitro group by hydrogenation, and III) an aminoglycosylation reaction of the amino group and the unprotected maltose. These amphiphilic ureas functioned as low molecular weight hydrogelators, and the mixtures of the amphipathic ureas and water formed supramolecular hydrogels. The gelation ability largely depended on the chain length of the alkyl group of the amphiphilic urea; amphipathic urea having a decyl group had the highest gelation ability (minimum gelation concentration=0.4 mM). The physical properties of the supramolecular hydrogels were evaluated by measuring their thermal stability and dynamic viscoelasticity. These supramolecular hydrogels underwent gel-to-sol phase transition upon the addition of α-glucosidase as a result of the α-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the maltose moiety of the amphipathic urea.     

环境敏感水凝胶的研究进展

综述了环境敏感水凝胶在制备、功能性及其应用方面的研究进展 ,尤其是温敏水凝胶、pH敏感水凝胶和盐敏水凝胶的研究状况 ,也对光敏和生物分子敏感水凝胶进行了简单评述     

Graphene-Based Macromolecular Assemblies for Scavenging Heavy Metals

The integration of graphene or graphene oxide nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based macromolecular assemblies (GMAs), in the form of sponges, beads, fibres, films, and crumpled nanosheets, has greatly advanced their environmental remediation applications. This is attributed to the outstanding physicochemical characteristics and superlative mechanical features of 3D GMAs, including precise and physically linked permeable networks, enormous surface area, profound porosity, and high-class sturdiness, amongst others. In this review, the recent advancements towards the exploration of 3D GMAs as an exciting new class of high-performance adsorbents, for eliminating toxic heavy metal ions from both wastewater and freshwater, are systematically summarized and discussed, from both fundamental and applied perspectives. In particular, the numerous surface modification techniques that are actively pursued to enrich the metal adsorption capacity of 3D GMAs, are comprehensively examined. Additionally, associated challenges are pointed out and tactical research strategies and improvements are proposed, with an eye on the conceivable future.