益生菌Lb．casei Zhang在酸乳酪制作中的发酵特性

在传统乳酪制作中添加不同量（0-3％）的Lb．casei Zhang,以不添加组作为空白对照,观察Lb．casei Zhang的发酵特性。结果表明,实验组在发酵3-6h达到对数生长期,发酵6h时Lb．casei zhang活菌数可达到6．03×10^7g^-1,12h时活菌数达1．58×10^8g^-1。实验组样品黏度均较对照组显著增加（p〈0．05）;与对照组相比实验组蛋白质水解程度略高,但差异不显著。在4℃冷藏过程中,实验组后酸化现象不明显;28d后,添加3．00％Lb．casei Zhang的活菌数达9．77×10^8g^-1;对照组在冷藏中黏度几乎不变化,其余各组样品的黏度在冷藏7-14d中显著降低,之后到28d黏度变化不明显。     

利用Lactobacillus casei Zhang开发益生菌新鲜干酪

通过添加不同比例Lactobacillus casei Zhang发酵剂制作新鲜干酪,并对其在新鲜干酪中的活力和添加Lactobacillus后新鲜干酪的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,Lb.casei Zhang在新鲜干酪中具有较高的活力,添加2%、1%、0.5% Lb.casei Zhang发酵剂的干酪中,4℃冷藏开始前,Lb.casei Zhang活菌数分别为2.24×10~8 cfu/g,1.38×10~8 cfu/g,5.55×10~7 cfu/g,4℃冷藏28d后,Lb.casei Zhang存活率分别为99.12%,98.31%,98.61%。在制作过程中和4℃冷藏过程中,与空白组相比,添加Lb.casei Zhang对新鲜干酪的pH值、滴定酸度、蛋白水解活性影响都不显著(P>0.05)。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang发酵特性的评价

以L.acidophilus NCFM,L.rhamnosus GG,L.casei Shirota和Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12为参照,对益生菌L.casei Zhang的发酵特性进行了研究.结果表明:发酵结束时,添加L.casei Zhang的发酵乳具有较高的pH值和较低的滴定酸度.4℃贮藏28 d后,L.casei Shirota和Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12的蛋白水解能力下降,而L.asei Zhang,L addophilusNCFM和L.rhamnosus GG蛋白水解能力不断上升.尽管Lcasei Zhang在脱脂乳中的发酵速度低于对照益生菌.但贮藏期内其活菌数缓慢上升并于贮藏结束时达到最高.L.casei Zhang完全具备益生菌所应有的发酵特性,因此其适合应用于发酵乳的开发.     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang与商业益生菌对胃肠转运耐受性及发酵特性的比较

比较益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang(L.casei Zhang)与商业化益生菌嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM(NCFM)、鼠李糖乳杆菌GG(LGG)、干酪乳杆菌Shirota(kS)、动物双歧杆菌Bb12(Bb12)对人工胃肠液的耐受性及发酵特性.将各菌置于人工消化液及含3.0g/L牛胆盐的MRS培养基中,37℃培养,分别于3h和8h时测定人工胃液和肠液中各菌株的存活率,同时每小时测定MRS培养基的浊度,以延迟时间评价各菌株对胆盐的耐受性.对由各菌株制得的发酵乳在发酵及贮藏期间酸度与活菌数的变化进行了测定,结果表明,在pH 2.5的人工胃液消化3 h后,干酪乳杆菌Zhang存活率低于NCFM(p<0.05),高于其它3株对照菌(p<0.05);在pH 3.0和pH 4.0的人工胃液消化3 h后,干酪乳杆菌Zhang的存活率与4株对照菌无显著差异(p>0.05);在pH 8.0的人工肠液消化8h后,干酪乳杆菌Zhang的存活率高于Bb12(p<0.05),低于NCFM(P<0.05),与其它2株对照菌元差异(p>0.05).干酪乳杆菌Zhang对3.0g/L牛胆盐的耐受性与LcS差异不显著(p>0.05),而高于其它3株对照菌(p<0.05).脱脂乳37℃发酵24 h后,接种干酪乳杆菌Zhang的样品的酸度低于4株对照菌.4℃贮藏28 d内,各益生菌在发酵乳中继续生长,其中干酪乳杆菌Zhang发酵乳的pH值变化(降低0.55)显著高于4株对照菌(p<0.05);贮藏28 d后干酪乳杆菌Zhang活菌数为1.0×109 cfu/g,显著高于4株对照菌(p<0.05),说明干酪乳杆菌Zhang具有良好的胃肠转运耐受性和极佳的贮藏稳定性.     

益生菌L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9在发酵乳中发酵特性的评价

以L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9为研究对象,评价其发酵特性及对发酵乳品质的影响。研究结果显示,4℃下贮藏21 d,L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9的添加对发酵乳的p H值、滴定酸度(TA)、黏度和持水性基本无影响;L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9在发酵乳中存活稳定;B.lactis V9的添加可促进L.casei Zhang的增殖,同时可进一步改善L.casei Zhang发酵乳的气味和风味。     

Lactobacillus casei Zhang传1000-2000代过程中的实验室进化特性

为了研究L.casei Zhang实验室进化特性,对其三个谱系在普通MRS培养基中连续传代1 000~2 000代期间表观特性(细胞形态、活菌数、浊度和菌株活力)的变化进行了跟踪测定。研究结果显示:L.casei Zhang在传代期间各谱系间进化趋势基本平行,即细胞形态、活菌数、浊度和菌株活力等特性未发生明显的多样性变化。这些研究结果侧面表明L.casei Zhang在普通MRS培养基中进化1 000~2 000代过程中表型特征趋于稳定。     

Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium lactis V9在益生菌酸乳中的应用

益生菌在酸乳中的应用已非常普遍,将Lactobacillus casei Zhang单独(样品A)以及与Bifidobacterium lactis V9复合(样品B),同酸乳发酵剂(G027)共同发酵益生菌酸乳,于4℃贮藏21 d。结果表明,整个贮藏期间2组样品间的黏度和持水性差异不显著;贮藏期间2组样品间L.casei Zhang的活菌数没有差异,且L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9的活菌数不随贮藏时间而降低;L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9复合益生菌酸奶感官评价优于单独添加L.casei Zhang酸乳。L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9复合添加,更适合于益生菌酸乳的生产。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium lactis V9在活性乳酸菌饮料中的应用

以L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9为发酵菌株制备活性乳酸菌饮料,评价2株益生菌对活性乳酸菌饮料感官品质的影响及在货架期内的存活稳定性,为L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9在产品中的应用提供基础数据。研究结果显示,利用L.casei Zhang单独发酵制备活性乳酸菌饮料的最适添加量为1.0×107CFU/g,4℃28 d贮藏期内保持高于3.0×108CFU/g水平;最佳复配发酵组合为L.casei Zhang+B.animalis V9(1∶1,2.0×107CFU/g),4℃28 d贮藏期内样品中总的益生菌活菌数保持5.0×108CFU/g以上,且在口感和滋气味方面感官评价分值最高;B.animalis V9与L.casei Zhang共同发酵发生协同效应,B.animalis V9的添加可促进L.casei Zhang的增殖,且有利于改善L.casei Zhang单株发酵样品的感官品质。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang在酸胁迫下的蛋白质组学研究

Lactobacillus casei Zhang是1株筛选自发酵酸马奶,并具有耐酸等益生特性的益生乳杆菌。该研究利用蛋白质组双向电泳,比较了其在pH值为7.0和5.5的培养液中分别生长至对数生长期中期的蛋白质组表达差异。结果表明,有11个蛋白质点表达发生明显变化,经过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱鉴定,其中有3个表达增强的蛋白质点分别鉴定为翻译因子(EF-Tu),N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱醛酶(NagA)和小热休克蛋白(sHsp)。酸胁迫可诱导乳酸菌产生复杂的酸应激反应,涉及不同的代谢调控途径。     

益生乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang从基础研究到产业化开发

2001年-2009年,内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室从采集自中国西部7个省市及蒙古国14个省市不同少数民族地区951份自然发酵乳制品等样品中分离鉴定出3 388株乳酸菌,建立了中国首个原创性乳酸菌菌种资源库;从菌种库中分离自传统发酵酸马奶(koumiss)的243株乳杆菌中筛选获得1株性能优良的乳酸菌—Lactobacillus casei Zhang(L.casei Zhang)。采用5种动物模型和人体试验进行了功能评价,并利用基因组学和蛋白质组学研究技术对L.casei Zhang益生分子机制进行了深入剖析。经过多年系统的基础研究,自主解决了其产业化的关键技术问题,包括其直投式发酵剂、发酵乳制品和发酵豆乳益生菌饮料的研发并实现了产业化。     

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang on fermentation characteristics of set yogurt

The effect of four inoculation levels of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g/100 g) on the fermentation characteristics of set-style yogurt, and the changes in viable counts of lactic acid bacteria, pH value, syneresis, apparent viscosity, sugar and organic acid contents were determined during fermentation and storage over 21 days. The presence of 0.001 to 0.01 g/100 g L. casei Zhang did not affect the growth of the yogurt strains, and the yogurt inoculated with 0.00 1 g/100 g of L. casei Zhang had the highest apparent viscosity among the samples. However, a high inoculated level of L. casei Zhang (1.0 g/100 g) resulted in yogurts with inferior quality.     

Production and evaluation of a probiotic yogurt using Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei

Skimmed milk was inoculated with the commercial starter and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. pH changes, viable counts, and organoleptic properties of the produced control and probiotic yogurts were analysed. The pH decrease during the fermentation period was faster in the milk inoculated with L. casei plus starter. The growth of both starters in probiotic yogurt was significantly lower than their growth in control yogurt during the fermentation period. The viable count of the probiotic bacterium remained higher than the standard limit for probiotic products. There was no significant difference between the organoleptic properties of the control and the probiotic yogurts.     

The antioxidative effects of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the hyperlipidemic rats

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang), we use hyperlipidemic rat as a model induced by high-fat diet. And then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels of the plasma, and SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) of the 10% liver homogenate were determined. Except normal and hyperlipidemic control, normal prevention group (2 × 10⁹ CFU/d of L. casei Zhang for oral administration) and three different doses of therapeutic groups (2.0 × 10⁸, 2.0 × 10⁹  and 2.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/d of L. casei Zhang, respectively) were involved. Results analysis revealed that normal prevention group showed a non-significant effect on various antioxidant indexes. For therapeutic groups, supplementation of L. casei Zhang significantly decreased MDA levels (P < 0.01), whereas SOD (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P < 0.01) significantly increased both in serum and liver of hyperlipidemic rats. Hepatic activities of GPT and GOT were obviously reduced (P < 0.01), while T-AOC (P < 0.01) was obviously promoted by L. casei Zhang. Especially, some antioxidant indexes could recover to normal level. Antioxidative effect of L. casei Zhang was more effective for hyperlipidemic rat than normal rat. In addition, application of different therapeutic doses had variant effects on hyperlipidemic rats, and most indexes were slight except liver GSH-Px activities. It is suggested that L. casei Zhang might help to alleviate oxidative stress, as they appeared to reduce lipid peroxidation and improved lipid metabolism both in blood and liver with hyperlipidemic in vivo.     

添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳生产工艺条件的优化

以添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳代替传统的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵的酸乳,采用单因素和正交实验设计,对影响酸乳生产工艺的菌种配比、接种量、发酵温度及发酵时间等主要因素进行了优化组合实验,以发酵过程中及后熟24h后的pH、酸度变化,并结合后熟酸乳的质构测定、感官评分和活菌数为综合指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,确定最佳生产工艺条件.本实验最终确定的最佳生产工艺条件为:乳酸菌(嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌=1∶1)∶干酪乳杆菌=2∶1,接种量3％,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间为9h,在此生产条件下得到酸乳的感官评分为93.65分,硬度、稠度、凝聚性和粘度分别为138.975g、3448.022g·s、99.018g和299.117g·s,后熟24h后的酸度和活菌数也分别达到122°T和3.13×1011cfu/mL.该实验方法所得到的最佳生产工艺参数真实可靠,具有实际意义.     

添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳生产工艺条件的优化

以添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳代替传统的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵的酸乳,采用单因素和正交实验设计,对影响酸乳生产工艺的菌种配比、接种量、发酵温度及发酵时间等主要因素进行了优化组合实验,以发酵过程中及后熟24h后的pH、酸度变化,并结合后熟酸乳的质构测定、感官评分和活菌数为综合指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,确定最佳生产工艺条件。本实验最终确定的最佳生产工艺条件为:乳酸菌(嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚乳杆菌=1∶1)∶干酪乳杆菌=2∶1,接种量3%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间为9h,在此生产条件下得到酸乳的感官评分为93.65分,硬度、稠度、凝聚性和粘度分别为138.975g、3448.022g·s、99.018g和299.117g·s,后熟24h后的酸度和活菌数也分别达到122°T和3.13×1011cfu/mL。该实验方法所得到的最佳生产工艺参数真实可靠,具有实际意义。      

Comparative evaluation of yogurt and low-fat cheddar cheese as delivery media for probiotic Lactobacillus casei

This study used Lactobacillus casei 334e, an erythromycin-resistant derivative of ATCC 334, as a model to evaluate viability and acid resistance of probiotic L. casei in low-fat Cheddar cheese and yogurt. Cheese and yogurt were made by standard methods and the probiotic L. casei adjunct was added at approximately 10(7) CFU/g with the starter cultures. Low-fat cheese and yogurt samples were stored at 8 and 2 degrees C, respectively, and numbers of the L. casei adjunct were periodically determined by plating on MRS agar that contained 5 microg/mL of erythromycin. L. casei 334e counts in cheese and yogurt remained at 10(7) CFU/g over 3 mo and 3 wk, respectively, indicating good survival in both products. Acid challenge studies in 8.7 mM phosphoric acid (pH 2) at 37 degrees C showed numbers of L. casei 334e in yogurt dropped from 10(7) CFU/g to less than 10(1) CFU/g after 30 min, while counts in cheese samples dropped from 10(7) CFU/g to about 10(5) after 30 min, and remained near 10(4) CFU/g after 120 min. As a whole, these data showed that low-fat Cheddar cheese is a viable delivery food for probiotic L. casei because it allowed for good survival during storage and helped protect cells against the very low pH that will be encountered during stomach transit.     

发酵温度波动对酸奶感官、质构和风味特性的影响

为研究发酵温度波动对酸奶品质的影响,本实验测定了酸奶凝乳时间、酸度、pH和质构指标,用模糊数学法分析了感官指标,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了酸奶风味成分,探讨了4种温度波动对酸奶发酵特性和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组1(41 ℃-42 ℃-43 ℃)酸奶的凝乳时间、质构和感官指标无显著差异(p>0.05);处理组2(36 ℃-38 ℃-42 ℃)凝乳时间增加(p<0.05),硬度、内聚性及感官无显著差异(p>0.05),胶黏性减小(p<0.05);处理组3(42 ℃-38 ℃-36 ℃)凝乳时间、内聚性无显著差异(p>0.05),硬度和胶黏性降低(p<0.05),感官评分显著增加(p<0.05);处理组4(42 ℃-46 ℃-48 ℃)和处理组5(48 ℃-46 ℃-42 ℃)凝乳时间、内聚性及感官无显著差异(p>0.05),硬度显著增大(p<0.05),胶黏性显著减小(p<0.05)。所有处理间的酸度及pH无显著差异(p>0.05)。不同的温度波动处理组间主要挥发性风味物质种类基本相同,但含量存在差异。在实际生产中,对酸奶发酵温度的控制可以不必非常精确,允许小范围波动。