Solvothermal synthesis of CdS nanorods using hydroxyethyl cellulose as a template

CdS nanorods were solvothermally produced from Cd(CH₃COO)₂ and S powder using ethylenediamine (en) as a solvent and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a template. The phase with hexagonal structure was detected using XRD and SAED, which is in perfect accordance with the results obtained by simulation. SEM, TEM and HRTEM revealed the development of nanorods with a number of atoms arranged in crystal lattices. When the appropriate amount of HEC was used, the longest nanorods, with preferential growth in the [0 0 1] direction, were produced. Raman spectra showed the fundamental and overtone modes at the same wavenumbers of 301 and 599 cm⁻¹, respectively. Their relative intensities at each temperature were strongly influenced by the anisotropic geometry of the products. Photoluminescence caused by electron-hole recombination was detected at 470 nm, and by surface trapping induced emission at 575 nm. The formation mechanism of CdS nanorods was also proposed based on the experimental results.     

Controlled synthesis of CdS nanowires using diamines

We demonstrate a new, simple, inexpensive process and systemic control over CdS nanowires using sulfur powders and organic diamines without any catalysts, surfactants, and templates under atmospheric benchtop conditions. By changing the kinds of amines and reaction temperatures can result in control of the shape and size of the nanocrystals, which are moderately monodispered with unique forms.     

Large scale synthesis of cadmium selenide nanowires using template synthesis technique and their characterization

We report the fabrication, and structural and optical characterization of CdSe nanowires. Large scale uniform nanowires with length 40 micron and diameter 100 nm were grown using the simple chemical reaction technique. Morphological study of CdSe nanowires was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman studies show the crystalline structure of CdSe nanowires. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique was used to study the composition of CdSe nanowires. UV–Vis absorption studies show a blue shift of 0.26 eV in the optical band gap of CdSe nanowires.     

Synthesis of High Quality CdS Nanorods by Solvothermal Process and their Photoluminescence

Large-scale cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorods with high quality were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method using ethylenediamine (en) aqueous as solvent. The as-obtained product was investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The length and width of the CdS nanorods were in the range of 1–2 μm, 30–40 nm, respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the crystal structure of the product was hexagonal phase. Photoluminescence measurement showed that the nanobelts have two main emission bands around 470 and 560 nm, which should come from the higher-level transition and the intrinsic transition, respectively.     

Preparation of silica nanowires using porous silicon as Si source

This very paper is focusing on the preparation of silica nano-wires via annealing porous silicon wafer at 1200 °C in H₂ atmosphere and without the assistant metal catalysts. X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction technology have been employed for characterizing the structures, the morphology and the chemical components of the nano-wires prepared, respectively. It is found that the diameter and the length of the nano-wires were about 100 nm and tens micron, respectively. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to be pointed out that silica NWs only formed in the cracks of porous wafers, where the stress induced both by the electro-chemical etching procedure for the porous silicon preparation and nanowires growth procedure is believed to be lower than that at the center of the island. Therefore, a stress-driven mechanism for the NWs growth model is proposed to explain these findings.     

Solvothermal synthesis of green-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their application

A novel solvothermal approach to synthesize green-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) was developed using l-ascorbic acid as the carbon source, glycol and triple distilled water as the solvent. The CNPs emit strong green fluorescence under UV irradiation, and the fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship with pH value within a certain range. Direct yeast cell labeling was achieved through cell endocytosis of these CNPs.     

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of sandwich-like graphene/ZnO nanocomposites

Graphene-based nanocomposites are emerging as a new class of materials that hold promise for many applications. In this paper, we present a general approach for the preparation of sandwich-like graphene/ZnO nanocomposites in ethylene glycol (EG) medium using graphene oxide as a precursor of graphene and zinc acetylacetonate as a single-source precursor of zinc oxide. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis. It was shown that the as-formed ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter of about 5 nm were densely and uniformly deposited on both surfaces of the graphene sheets to form a sandwich-like composite structure and as a result, the restacking of the as-reduced graphene sheets was effectively prevented. The ZnO-coated graphene nanocomposites can be expected to effectively improve the photocatalysis and sensing properties of ZnO and would be promising for practical applications in future nanotechnology.     

Solvothermal synthesis of nitrides as fine particles

Abstract

The preparation of fine particles well defined in size and morphology is an important challenge for:

Nitrides are now largely involved in many applications. In order to control the composition and particles-size of such divided nitrides a new elaboration process, the solvothermal synthesis, using nitriding solvents liquid (NH₃ and NH₂NH₂) in high pressure-high temperature conditions has been set-up.

(i) a better understanding of divided materials, in particular the surface effect on physical properties,

(ii) different applications (ceramics, heterogeneous catalysis.).     

Catalyst-free synthesis and mechanical characterization of TaC nanowires

TaC nanowires are expected to be an ideal reinforcing material in ultra-high-temperature ceramics. However, their growth mechanisms and mechanical properties remain unclear, and low-cost large-scale synthesis has not been realised. In this study,bulk synthesis of [100]-oriented TaC nanowires is accomplished by carbothermal synthesis through a direct vapor-solid mechanism. Thermal resonance test results show that the synthesized square TaC nanowires with cross-sectional side-lengths of 65 to 497 nm have a size-independent Young's modulus of(510.6±12.6) GPa; very close to the corresponding values of their bulk counterparts, but differing considerably from previously published measurements. Molecular dynamics(MD) simulations show that TaC nanowires with side-lengths of above 15 nm have a constant Young's modulus of 517 GPa, and size effects on the modulus values should only occur at side-lengths below 15 nm. During bending tests, the TaC nanowires fracture into several segments in a brittle mode, and exhibit an increasing fracture strain from 1.88% to 4.28% as their side-length decreases from 489 to 90 nm. Weibull statistics analyses and TEM observations indicate that the failure of the nanowires should be primarily dependent on the number and size of surface defects. MD simulations further reveal that the defect-free TaC nanowires fail brittlely at a theoretical strain up to 5.76%.     

Morphology-controlled synthesis and characterization of urchin-like CdS and nanowire

Novel urchin-like CdS was synthesized via a facile solvothermal route without any assistant agent. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron, and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. Based on time-resolved experiments, a possible growth mechanism of 3D urchin-like CdS microspheres was initially proposed. Furthermore, morphology control of CdS was achieved by adjusting the quantity addition of TGA to obtain the 1D CdS nanowires.     

Large-scale synthesis of ZnO nanowires using a low-temperature chemical route and their photoluminescence properties

Single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized from zinc powder and H₂O through a simple chemical route at 730 °C in Ar atmosphere. The potential exists for bulk synthesis of ZnO nanowires at temperatures significantly less than the 200–300 °C of thermal evaporation methods reported formerly. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the ZnO nanowires are structurally uniform, have lengths up to several hundreds of micrometers and diameters of about 40–60 nm and crystallize in a hexagonal structure. The growth of ZnO nanowires is controlled by the vapor–solid crystal-growth mechanism. Photoluminescence measurements show that the ZnO nanowires have a strong near-band ultraviolet emission at 380 nm and a green light emission at 520 nm caused by oxygen vacancies. PACS 81.05.Ys; 78.55.Et     

Optical limiting properties of CdS nanowires

Intensity-dependent nonlinear optical transmission studies of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires (∼ 50-100 nm diameter) suspended in dimethylformamide have been carried out in the visible region using the Z-scan technique with 7 ns pulses from the second harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser. The optical limiting threshold of CdS nanowires suspension was determined to be 1.3 J cm^− 2, with normalized transmittance of 0.47, which is relatively lower when compared with those of many popular metal nanowire suspensions reported in the literature. Based on an effective three-photon absorption model, nonlinear absorption and nonlinear scattering were identified as the dominant processes for the measured reduced transmittance.     

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of CdSe nanocrystals with controllable phase and morphology

Zinc blende (ZB) CdSe hollow nanospheres were solvothermally synthesized from the reaction of Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O with a homogeneously secondary Se source, which was first prepared by dissolving Se powder in the mixture of ethanol and oleic acid at 205 °C. As Se power directly reacted with Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O in the above mixed solvents, wurtzite (W) CdSe solid nanoparticles were produced. Time-dependent experiments suggested that the formation of CdSe hollow nanospheres was attributed to an inside-out Ostwald ripening process. The influences of reaction time, temperature and ethanol/oleic acid volume ratio on the morphology, phase and size of the hollow nanospheres were also studied. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy investigations revealed that oleic acid with long alkene chains behaved as a reducing agent to reduce Se powder to Se²⁻ in the synthesis. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed that the ZB CdSe hollow nanospheres presented an obvious blue-shifted emission by 42 nm, and the W CdSe solid nanoparticles exhibited a band gap emission of bulk counterpart.     

Fabrication of MgO nanobelts using a halide source and their structural characterization

MgO nanobelts have been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition using MgCl₃ as starting material. The products consist of a large quantity of belt-like nanostructures with typical lengths in the range of several tens to several hundreds of micrometers; some of them even have lengths on the order of a millimeter. The typical thickness and width-to-thickness ratio of the MgO nanobelts are in the range of 20 to 100 nm and about 5 to 10, respectively. The size and morphology of the MgO nanobelts were measured by transmission electron microscopy. Investigations of X-ray diffraction patterns and using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that the nanobelts have a cubic structure and are single-crystalline. Received: 23 August 2001 / Accepted: 27 August 2001 / Published online: 2 October 2001     

Solvothermal synthesis of nitrides

Abstract

III-V nitrides are large band-gap semiconductors. They are very promising materials for opto-electronic and microelectronic applications.

The present paper deals with a new process for preparing nitrides. Two nitrides, gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminium nitride (AlN), have been synthesiaed through a solvothermal route. This process uses ammonia in supercritical conditions as solvent and metals as source of gallium and aluminium. Moreover, an additive is used to improve the nitridation of the metals.

The resulting microcrystallites of nitrides have been charactensed by X-ray diffraction and the morphology has been observed by scanning Electron Microscopy.     

Solvothermal synthesis of AlN

Abstract

Aluminum nitride is an important material due to its physical properties (electronic, thermal conductivity…). Different processes have been used for preparing such a material. The solvothermal synthesis is characterised by the use of a solvent in supercritical conditions in order to improve the reactivity of the precursors and to control the size of the crystalhtes. Using finely divided aluminum particles as precursor, a new process for the preparation of AlN has been optimised versus the thermodynamical parameters: pressure and temperature and the nature of the additive used for improving the kinetics of nitridation.     

L-半胱氨酸修饰CdS量子点检测银离子

室温一步合成了L-半胱氨酸修饰的CdS量子点,具有水溶性和生物相溶性。在0．0050mol／L磷酸缓冲溶液中,于L-半胱氨酸存在下,银离子对CdS量子点荧光发射有显著的增敏作用,CdS量子点荧光发射峰位置逐渐由545nm向558nm红移,CdS量子点荧光强度与银离子的浓度成线性关系,方法的线性响应范围为2．0×10^-7-1．0×10^-6mol／L,检出限为2．1×10^-8mol／L。是一种简单,迅速,灵敏且可操作的检测银离子的新方法。     

Facile and rapid synthesis of nickel nanowires and their magnetic properties

The present work reports a facile and rapid microwave-assisted route to synthesize nickel nanowires with a necklace-like morphology and lengths up to several hundreds of microns. The wires consist of many crystallites with an average size of 25 ± 2 nm. The synthesis does not use templates or magnetic fields and needs only 6 min, which is more than 480 times faster than that needed for Ni wires prepared at 180 °C using conventional heating. Nickel nanostructures with various morphologies including spheres, chains and irregular particles with porous surfaces can also be obtained by adjusting reaction parameters. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is found to be vital for the formation of the one-dimensional chains and a high concentration of PVP smoothes their surfaces to result in the appearance of wires. This rapid one-pot procedure combines the formation of nanoparticles, their oriented assembly into chains, and the subsequent shaping of wires. The Ni nanostructures show variable magnetic properties. The prepared nickel wires have a high mechanical stability and exhibit much higher coercivity than bulk nickel, Ni nanoparticles and their aggregations, which promise potential applications in micromechanical sensors, memory devices and other fields.