卷烟主流烟气中NNK测量不确定度评定

对气相色谱-热能分析联用法测定卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中NNK含量的测量不确定度进行评定,分析了NNK含量检测的影响因素,计算了不确定度分量及合成不确定度,当NNK含量测定结果为27．4ng／支时,扩展不确定度为2．0ng／支。     

卷烟主流烟气中氨的捕集及其离子色谱法测定

设计了高效的烟气捕集装置,建立了一种稀硫酸吸收、离子色谱法测定的卷烟主流烟气中氨的分析新方法.与早期的比色法、容量法、氨电极法、气相色谱法相比,该方法快速、简便,不需要复杂的样品前处理,完成一次分析只需12 min.检出限为0.005 mg/L,RSD为3.7%,空白加标回收率在87%～102%之间,吸烟加标回收率在98%～106%之间.测定了国内50种主要品牌卷烟,其主流烟气中氨含量范围为6.50～14.22μg/支烟.     

离子色谱法同时测定卷烟主流烟气中氨和烟碱的含量

建立离子色谱仪同时测定卷烟主流烟气中氨和烟碱含量的方法。对样品前处理条件和色谱分离条件进行了优化,最终选择10 mmol/L盐酸作为气相捕集液和总粒相物的萃取液,在梯度淋洗条件下使用电导检测器进行测定,色谱柱为CS17阳离子分析柱,检测温度为40℃。方法学考察表明,氨和烟碱标准工作曲线线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 9,检出限分别为0.31μg/支和22μg/支。氨和烟碱测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.86%,2.23%(n=5),氨加标回收率在98.8%~104.9%之间,烟碱加标回收率在96.7%~103.1%之间。该方法能有效去除干扰,方法可操作性强,可同时测定卷烟主流烟气中多种成分。     

连续流动法测定卷烟侧流烟气中的氨

建立了用稀硫酸溶液吸收—连续流动法测定卷烟测流烟气中氨的方法。通过对吸收条件、精密度、稳定性和加标回收率的全面考察,结果表明:1在2~30μg·m L-1范围内方法具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.9994),,加标回收率在95.74%~107.32%之间,RSD小于3%,方法的检测限为1.45μg/支;2侧流烟气中氨的释放量是主流烟气中的数百倍,且其主要存在于气相部分;3该方法快速准确,重复性好,适合卷烟侧流烟气中氨的大批、快速测定。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨北大核心CSCD

采用离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨。采用IonPac CS16阳离子分析柱和IonPac CG16阳离子保护柱,以0.045mol·L-1甲烷磺酸为淋洗液,电导检测器进行检测。气相氨的的质量浓度在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性,其检出限(3s)和测性下限(10s)分别为8.79×10-3μg·支-1和2.93×10-2μg·支-1。加标回收率在92.2%~103%之间,日内、日间相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.5%。采用此方法对七种卷烟主流烟气中气相氨的释放量进行了测定。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的呋喃

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)测定卷烟主流烟气中呋喃的方法。方法以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为吸收液,用两个串联的吸收瓶捕集主流烟气中的呋喃,HP-PLOT Q毛细管柱分离,选择离子监测,外标法定量。两个串联吸收瓶对主流烟气中呋喃的有效捕集率达99%以上;在0.05~2.5μg/m L的浓度范围内,回归方程线性关系良好(R2=0.9999),检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.02μg/支和0.06μg/支;平均加标回收率在93.3%~98.1%之间,RSD小于4%,5 h内样品溶液中呋喃含量的变化率小于6%;用本方法对10种卷烟样品进行测定分析,呋喃的含量在7.57~21.15μg/支之间。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨

采用离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨。采用IonPac CS16阳离子分析柱和IonPac CG16阳离子保护柱,以0.045mol·L-1甲烷磺酸为淋洗液,电导检测器进行检测。气相氨的的质量浓度在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性,其检出限(3s)和测性下限(10s)分别为8.79×10-3μg·支-1和2.93×10-2μg·支-1。加标回收率在92.2%~103%之间,日内、日间相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.5%。采用此方法对七种卷烟主流烟气中气相氨的释放量进行了测定。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水产品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留的不确定度评定

建立高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水产品中的氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星3种氟喹诺酮类药物残留量的测量不确定度评定方法。构建不确定度评定的数学模型，对不确定度来源进行分析。评定结果表明，不确定来源主要为标准溶液配制及标准曲线拟合。当水产品中氟罗沙星的质量分数为5.24μg/kg时，其扩展不确定度为0.83μg/kg(k=2)；氧氟沙星含量为5.34μg/kg时，其扩展不确定度为0.49μg/kg(k=2)；诺氟沙星含量为6.35μg/kg时，其扩展不确定度为1.20μg/kg(k=2)。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟烟气中氨

用离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中氨。选取同一包装中的卷烟,按行标YC/T 29-1996的规定用吸烟机抽吸。用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟烟气粒相部分,将所得滤片用0.005 mol.L-1盐酸溶液提纯。用0.005 mol.L-1盐酸溶液吸收卷烟烟气气相部分。将两份盐酸溶液合并后再通过装填有MCI-GEL反相树脂的固相萃取柱除去焦油和烟碱类物质,然后用离子色谱测定氨。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.006 mg.L-1。在吸烟所得提取液中的加标回收率在95.6%~102.5%之间。试样平行7次测定的相对标准偏差为3.1%。方法用于10种品牌卷烟中氨的测定,氨量范围为7.62~14.0μg.支-1。     

果蔬类农产品中农药残留量检测的不确定度评定

对NY/T 761-2004法测定果蔬类农产品中农药残留量的不确定度进行评定。通过建立数学模型,分析了测量过程的不确定度主要来源于提取溶剂量取体积不确定度、分取液体积不确定度、定容体积不确定度、标准溶液不确定度、峰面积不确定度。以甲胺磷的测量为例,对不确定度的各个分量进行计算,当甲胺磷检测浓度为1.091μg/g时,扩展不确定度为0.036μg/g。     

卷烟主流烟气中碳中心自由基的自旋标记荧光表征

以自旋标记荧光探针4-((9-acridinecarbonyl)amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl(TEMPO-9-AC)研究了卷烟主流烟气中的碳中心自由基。以吸烟机抽吸卷烟,以弱荧光的TEMPO-9-AC作为捕集剂捕集卷烟主流烟气中的碳中心自由基,生成稳定的强荧光的碳中心自由基捕集加合物,以高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS/MS)对其结构进行了确认,并建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)的定量方法。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.318 nmol/cig,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%～9.7%;利用TEMPO-9-AC捕集体系鉴别出了10种碳中心自由基;对5种代表性卷烟烟气中的碳中心自由基进行了定量计算,获得了它们在主流烟气中碳中心自由基的含量数据,并发现碳中心自由基总量与焦油释放量之间具有高度的相关性。本法检出限低,重复性好,适用于卷烟主流烟气中碳中心自由基的结构验证及释放量的检测分析。     

Analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke

A new technique has been developed for the quantitative analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke using a GC-MS technique. For analysis, 10 cigarettes are smoked using conditions based on US Federal Trade Commission recommendations. The smoke is collected in a water trap and analyzed using a GC-MS technique. A standard or a fast GC separation can be applied for the analysis. The standard separation was followed by MS detection using selected ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition on a quadrupole instrument. The fast GC was followed by MS detection with total ion acquisition on a time-of-flight instrument. The levels of pyridine depend on the type of cigarette: for a full flavor cigarette pyridine is as high as 18.0 microg/cigarette (cig.). and for an ultra light cigarette is about 3.0 microg/cig. Substituted pyridines vary between 5.0 microg/cig. to 0.1 microg/cig. for a full flavor cigarette, and between 0.2 microg/cig. and a few ng/cig. for an ultra light cigarette. The reproducibility of the technique is very good, with less than 7-8% RSD in both separation procedures for most of the analyzed compounds.     

原子荧光法测定化妆品中汞测量不确定度评定

用氢化物原子荧光光度法测定化妆品中汞的含量,对测量结果进行了不确定度评定。分析了测量不确定度的来源,如样品取样量、样品定容体积、标准物质、标准溶液的配制、工作曲线的拟合、测量重复性及加标回收率。对合成不确定度进行了计算,当化妆品中汞的含量为0.208μg/g时,扩展不确定度为0.016μg/g(k=2)。     

卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的超高效液相色谱测定

建立了超高效液相色谱(UPLC）对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、巴豆醛等8种羰基化合物的测定方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%(体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以KinetexTM C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）为色谱柱,水-乙腈(35∶65）和水-乙腈-四氢呋喃-异丙醇(59∶30∶10∶1）为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,分析时间为20 min。结果表明,该方法的相关系数r2≥0.999 97,检出限为25.81~67.74 ng/cig,平均加标回收率为95%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~5.8%。各组分峰分离度高、分析时间短、流动相耗量少、结果准确可靠。用该方法对20种不同卷烟牌号样品中8种羰基化合物的含量进行测定,结果满意。     

单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪对香烟新鲜主流烟气的在线检测

利用单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪对吸烟模拟装置中的新鲜主流烟气进行实时在线检测,共测得40多种挥发性有机化合物,获得不同物质在逐口吸烟过程中含量的变化情况以及不同通风率的香烟烟气中的化合物含量情况。与此同时,使用主成分分析法对不同通风率的香烟种类的新鲜烟气的谱图进行分析,结果表明,在PCA散点图中,PC1=94%,PC2=3%,PC2=1%,三者之和达到98%,不同通风率的香烟的差异显著。实现了对逐口吸烟产生的新鲜主流烟中的有机成分进行在线检测分析。     

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of acrylamide and acetamide in cigarette mainstream smoke after on-column injection

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of two short-chained amides, acrylamide and acetamide (classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable and possible human carcinogens, respectively), in total particulate matter using gas chromatography-on-column injection and mass spectrometric detection. Sample preparation is kept to a minimum, and the proposed analytical procedure proves to be fast, sensitive, and precise. Validation studies show good linearity with a regression coefficient of r2=.000 for both compounds. Quantitation limits are 32 ng/mL for acrylamide and 70 ng/mL for acetamide. In the particulate phase of mainstream smoke from the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 2R4F, 2.3 microg/cig acrylamide and 4.7 microg/cig acetamide are found; no acetamide and only .0074 microg/cig acrylamide is found in the gas phase. Possible mechanisms of formation in cigarette smoke are discussed.     

Rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of six carcinogenic aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Aromatic amines are one of the sources of carcinogenicity in cigarette and tobacco smoke. Accurate quantification of these chemicals is needed to assess public health risk. A new validated rapid, sensitive and analyte specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of six aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke using research reference cigarette 2R4F. Three popular Indian brand cigarettes were also analyzed using the same procedure. The limit of detection of this method ranged from 0.04 to 0.59 ng/cig using an injection volume of 7 μl. The identification of each amine was established by chromatographic retention times, analyte specific fragmentation pattern and relative peak area ratios of two product/precursor ion pairs. The method showed excellent reproducibility and was also rapid, selective and robust for aromatic amine determination from cigarette smoke.     

Analysis of cigarette mainstream smoke for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and vinyl acetate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, also known as unsymdimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and vinyl acetate (VA), are both classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as 2B carcinogens (possibly carcinogenic to humans) and listed as cigarette smoke constituents; however, there is little or no quantitative data available on them. For UDMH in cigarette smoke, neither a yield nor a method has been published. For VA, the most recent information on yields dates back to 1965. To bridge this gap, we have developed new gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods for both compounds to determine their yields in cigarette smoke. UDMH is determined by derivatization with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde in methanol and is not found in cigarette smoke at levels above the detection limit of 19 ng/cig. In further experiments, when UDMH is added to the smoke stream or air stream of lit or unlit cigarettes, the derivative 2-nitrobenzaldehyde-2,2-dimethylhydrazone is found only in the air stream of the unlit cigarettes. From this, we conclude that UDMH is either not formed during smoking at all or, if it is, it reacts immediately and quantitatively with other smoke constituents (e.g., aldehydes) and is therefore not detectable in cigarette smoke. VA is determined by trapping in acetone at -78 degrees C and is found at a concentration of 270 ng/cig for a standard reference cigarette with a cellulose acetate filter (the reference cigarette 1 R4F). In the literature, VA is reported at concentrations of 1.6 microg/cig for a cigarette with a cellulose acetate/charcoal filter and 4 microg/cig for a cigarette with a cellulose acetate filter and for an unfiltered cigarette.