纺织服装全球回收标准概述

纺织服装全球回收标准是由荷兰管制联盟认证机构最初制定,于2008年11月起实施,该认证标准是针对废旧纺织品回收后,再生纤维原料使用时,提供一个全球性认证标准.该标准先后经过3次修订,2014年8月5日,纺织服装全球回收标准（GRS）3.0版颁布.目前已得到各国纺织出口企业的认可.     

日本帝人公司拟在华开拓旧服装回收业务

日本帝人公司计划在中国扩大聚酯产品的回收利用业务。该公司2013年将委派专门负责人常驻中国，推动当地服装厂商等参与聚酯产品回收等计划。目前，在中国回收的废旧衣料将被运往日本用于生产再生纤维，然后作为布料和纱线出口到中国，今后该公司将讨论在中国建设回收利用设施。中国消费者的环保意识正在提高，因此该公司预计纺织产品的回收利用需求将会高涨。帝人旗下子公司帝人纤维将希望参与回收利用计划的企业组织在一起，建立了“ECOCIRCLE”机构。该机构与合作企业从商品开发阶段起展开合作，在店铺柜台回收旧衣服，然后制成再生纤维销售给参加合作的企业，再制造为纺织产品。参与该计划的企业包括在工装回收利用方面提供合作的企业在内，已经超过150家，但在中国则仍然只有运动服装厂商等2家企业。     

纺织服装产业链闭环构建及静脉产业环节分析

提出了包括纺织品服装动脉产业和静脉产业的服装产业链闭环概念。纺织品服装动脉产业链包括纤维生产、面料制造、纺织品服装生产、纺织品服装销售、纺织品服装消费到废弃等几个环节,服装废弃则产业链终止。而产业链闭环加入了对静脉产业的分析,动脉产业的终止则是静脉产业的开始,服装静脉产业链从服装废弃开始,包括废旧纺织品服装的回收、分拣、物流、仓储、再利用以及无害化处理几个环节,静脉产业链和动脉产业链相互融合,构成了服装产业闭环。     

英国制服回收再利用体系研究

英国大力倡导发展循环经济,提出"零废弃经济"的社会发展目标,并把纺织品服装的循环利用作为其中的优先领域。我国《纺织工业"十二五"发展规划》也明确提出2015年"初步建立纺织纤维循环再利用体系,再利用纺织纤维总量达到800万t左右"的目标。在研究英国企业制服市场现状的基础上,介绍了英国企业制服回收及再利用的发展情况,重点介绍了英国企业制服的回收渠道和再利用途径,提出企业制服的回收再利用是我国建立纺织品回收再利用体系的重要方面,并对我国开展企业制服的回收再利用提出了相关建议。     

废旧涤纶纺织品的回收利用技术

我国是纺织服装最大的生产国和消费国,纺织品的年废弃量超过2 600万t,未妥善处置会造成严重的资源和环境问题。国家十分重视废旧纺织品绿色循环体系的建立,已形成多种回收利用途径并实现了产业化。涤纶在化纤中占比最大,发展废旧涤纶纺织品循环利用技术对建立废旧纺织品循环利用体系尤为重要。废旧涤纶纺织品的回收利用方式主要有物理回收、化学回收、生物回收和物理化学回收等。综述了废旧涤纶纺织品的回收利用技术,并介绍了企业实际案例,期望为建立绿色健全的废旧纺织品循环体系提供支撑。     

山东造纸业将探索废纸回收

<正>"到2020年山东全部工业增加值将达到40 000亿元,年人均工资收入将达90 000元。"记者从2015年4月13日召开的山东推进工业转型升级行动新闻发布会会上了解到,山东将改造提升18个传统优势行业,其中造纸行业将探索废纸回收体系,促进再生纤维回收利用,食品行业将完善食品质量安全法制体系。记者了解到,山东造纸、食品、纺织、服装、家电、家具、汽     

大学生对废旧服装回收利用认识的调查分析

对大学生对废旧服装回收利用的认识进行了问卷调查与分析.首先对大学生希望的废旧服装处理方式及回收方式、对废旧服装回收的认识进行了调查与分析,然后对大学生二手服装购买的态度、购买二手服装时注重的因素、对穿着二手服装的认识进行了调查与分析.研究结果：多数学生期望废旧服装应由慈善公益机构或商业机构回收,捐给有需要的人或循环利用、或作为二手服装销售;多数学生购买二手服装时最注重的因素是卫生安全,能够认识到穿着二手服装和废旧服装回收是环保和节约资源的需要.其研究结果以期对我国废旧服装的回收体系及回收渠道的建立提供一定的参考价值;对大学生及家度对废旧服装回收再利用认识的提高具有一定的促进作用.     

三地联动! 桑德回收联盟2016年春季回收分类试点同日启动

<正>在2015年对福州市多个小区进行成功试点的基础上,2016年桑德回收联盟进一步扩大试点范围,新增北京、郑州、成都3个试点城市,继续实践"互联网+分类回收"模式。2016年4月9日,联盟计划在北京、郑州、福州选取3个大型社区作为试点小区,全面启动试点工作。分类回收与每个居民都息息相关,宣传分类回收理念,     

动力电池2018年或迎首批“退役潮”

中国汽车动力电池产业联盟回收利用分会近日在京成立.工信部节能与综合利用司司长高云虎在成立大会上指出,工信部将加快实施新能源汽车动力电池回收利用管理暂行办法,推进标准体系建设,建设新能源汽车国家监测与动力电池回收利用溯源综合管理平台,开展试点示范,积极探索技术经济性强、资源环境友好的多元化回收利用市场模式.     

香港实施废电器回收计划 建立相关循环系统

正涵盖"四电一脑"受管制电器(包括空调、冰箱、洗衣机、电视、电脑、打印机、扫描仪及显示器)的废电器电子产品生产者责任计划(即废电器回收计划)2018年8月起在香港正式实施。该计划旨在建立相关循环系统,提供适当渠道妥善回收旧电器。根据计划,市民购买新的受管制电器时,销售商必须为     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.     

硫磺回收装置扩能改造及效果分析

介绍了回收酸性气体生产硫磺的工艺原理与工艺流程,论述了影响硫磺回收装置生产能力的诸多因素与扩能改造的情况。扩能改造后,该装置的酸性气体处理量平均为976m^3／h,瞬时处理量可达1200m^3／h,硫磺的生产能力从4450t／a提高到7500t／a,生产能力提高了68．5％,装置总硫回收率达到93．5％。