热动力学的滴定量热法研究2: 单底物酶促反应的热动力学

用滴定量热法分别建立了滴定期和停滴反应期单底物酶促反应热动力学的数学模型。根据这两种模型,可由一次实验的滴定量热曲线同时解析出单底物酶促反应的热力学参数(Δ~rH~m)和动力学参数(K~m和k~2)。用滴定量热法研究了一个经典的单底物酶促反应---过氧化氢酶催化分解过氧化氢反应的热动力学,由滴定期和停滴反应期热动力学模型解析出在298.15K和pH=7.0时该反应的米氏常数K~m分别为(5.41±0.24)×10^-^3和(5.43±0.21)×10^-^3mol.L^-^1,酶转换数k~2分别为(3.58±0.33)×10^3和(3.60±0.41)×10^3s^-^1,摩尔反应焓为(-86.75±0.88)kJ.mol^-^1,实验结果验证了上述热动力学模型的正确性。     

热动力学的滴定量热法研究2: 单底物酶促反应的热动力学

用滴定量热法分别建立了滴定期和停滴反应期单底物酶促反应热动力学的数学模型。根据这两种模型,可由一次实验的滴定量热曲线同时解析出单底物酶促反应的热力学参数(Δ~rH~m)和动力学参数(K~m和k~2)。用滴定量热法研究了一个经典的单底物酶促反应---过氧化氢酶催化分解过氧化氢反应的热动力学,由滴定期和停滴反应期热动力学模型解析出在298.15K和pH=7.0时该反应的米氏常数K~m分别为(5.41±0.24)×10^-^3和(5.43±0.21)×10^-^3mol.L^-^1,酶转换数k~2分别为(3.58±0.33)×10^3和(3.60±0.41)×10^3s^-^1,摩尔反应焓为(-86.75±0.88)kJ.mol^-^1,实验结果验证了上述热动力学模型的正确性。     

微量热法研究单底物酶促反应的产物抑制作用

本文建立了有产物抑制的单底物酶促反应动力学的对比进度方程和热力学的数学模型。根据此模型, 可由反应的热谱曲线方便地解析出动力学参数(K~m, K~i和V~m)和摩尔反应焓(△~rH~m), 并同时确定产物的抑制类型。用微量热法研究了精氨酸酶催化水解L-精氨酸的热动力学, 确定水解产物L-鸟氨酸属于竞争性可逆抑制剂, 298.15K和pH 9.4时L-鸟氨酸与精氨酸酶作用的抑制常数K~i=1.22×10^-^3mol·L^-^1。实验结果验证了本文有产物抑制的单底物酶促反应热动力学研究法的正确性。     

热动力学研究L-抗坏血酸和Cu~(2+)对过氧化氢酶的协同抑制

在 310 15K ,pH =7 0的 0 1mol·L-1Na2 HPO4 NaH2 PO4 缓冲溶液中 ,利用热动力学方法研究了L 抗坏血酸 ,Cu2 +及二者同时存在时 ,过氧化氢酶催化H2 O2 分解反应的动力学规律 .发现L 抗坏血酸和Cu2 +单独存在时对酶反应没有明显的抑制作用 ,二者共存时 ,对反应有非线性抑制作用 .在一定的酶和底物浓度下 ,L 抗坏血酸和Cu2 +不影响总反应的一级速率方程的形式 ,只减小了一级反应速率常数 .酶活性随抑制剂浓度变化关系呈S形曲线 .结合实验结果和文献 ,提出了一种L 抗坏血酸和Cu2 +协同抑制过氧化氢酶的可能机理     

热动力学研究L-抗坏血酸和Cu~2+对过氧化氢酶的协同抑制

在310．15K，pH=7．0的0．1mol·L~(-1)Na_2HPO_4-NaH_2PO_4缓二者同时存 在时，过氧化氢酶催化H_2O_2分解反应的动力学规律。发现L-抗坏血酸和C~(2+)单 独存在时对酶反应没有明显的抑制作用，二者共存时，对反应有非线性抑制作用。 在一定的酶和底物浓度下，L-抗坏血酸和Cu~(2+)不影响率方程的形式，只减小了一级 反应速率常数．酶活性随抑制剂浓度变化关系呈S形曲线．结合实验结果和文献，提出 了一L-抗坏血酸和Cu~(2+)协同抑制过氧化氢酶的可能机理.     

微量热法研究超氧化物歧化酶反应

用微量热法研究了以过氧化氢酶反应为氧产生体系、以邻苯三酚自氧化反应为底物产生体系的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)催化超氧阴离子歧化反应的热动力学 ,测得 2 98 1 5K和pH 8 0时SOD反应和邻苯三酚自氧化反应的摩尔反应焓分别为- 1 6 0 .1和 - 2 1 8kJ·mol-1,并建立了一种新的SOD活力测定方法———微量热测活法 .实验结果表明 ,SOD对邻苯三酚自氧化反应的动力学参数及反应机理没有影响 ,在无SOD存在和有SOD存在时该自氧化反应在限量氧气条件下均遵循二级反应动力学 (对邻苯三酚和氧气各为一级 ) ,2 98 1 5K和 pH 8 0时其二级速率常数分别为 1 2 5和 1 30L·mol-1·s-1,同时提出了SOD抑制邻苯三酚自氧化反应的可能机理 .     

化学激波管测定环氧乙烷异构化生成乙醛的速率常数的研究

环氧乙烷在高温下产生非常复杂的反应, 其中包括多步自由基反应。环氧乙烷异构化生成乙醛是该复杂反应的第一步。本文应用化学激波管成功地测定了这一步反应在1064-1166K之间的反应速率常数, k环氧乙烷=Aexp(-2.48×10^5/RT)s^-^1, 其中指前因子A=10^1^3^.^8s^-^1, 活化能E=2.48×10^2kJ.mol^-^1。     

海洋芽孢杆菌酯酶BSE-1的催化动力学和热失活动力学研究

海洋芽孢杆菌发酵产生的酯酶BSE-1经分离纯化后,以对硝基苯磷酸酯(PNPP)为底物,对电泳纯BSE-1的催化性质、催化动力学和热失活动力学进行了研究.催化动力学研究表明,金属离子对BSE-1的活性影响显著,其中Ca2 的激活作用最强,为混合型激活作用;而Ba2 的抑制作用最为明显,为非竞争性抑制作用.BSE-1的酶促反应动力学符合米氏方程,其中Km=8.15mmol·L-1,Vmax=0.97mmol·mg-1·min-1.采用连续模型对BSE-1在70℃的热失活动力学进行模拟,求得酶的失活速率常数k1=1.41,k2=0.28.     

微量热法研究过氧化氢酶反应

利用微量热法和热动力学方程研究了过氢化氢酶反应.该反应遵循Michaelis-Menten动力学,298.15K和pH7.0时,其米氏常数、酶转换数以及摩尔反应焓分别为2.36×10^-2mol/L、1.20×10⁴s^-1和-83.67kJ·mol^-1.过氧化氢酶反应后期对底物是一级反应,其总反应速度常数和一级速度常数分别为k_o=6.31×10⁵L·mol^-1·s^-1和k₁=6.31×10⁵/[E_o]s^-1.该反应服从Ogura机理,其酶-底物三元复合物的分解速度常数为6.00×10³s^-1.     

过氧化氢氧化甲基红抑制动力学光度法测定痕量双酚A

基于过氧化氢在盐酸介质中可氧化甲基红,双酚A的加入可明显抑制该氧化反应的进行,据此建立了一种新的测定双酚A的抑制动力学分光光度法。研究了该催化褪色反应的最佳动力学条件和参数。在测定波长520nm下,测定方法的线性范围0.5~9.0μg·mL-1,检出限为2.27×10-9g·mL-1。催化反应为动力学零级反应,表现活化能为49.26kJ·mol-1,催化反应速率常数为1.21×10-3s-1。方法用于矿泉水瓶浸取液中双酚A的测定,相对标准偏差为2.3%~2.7%,加标回收率在96.7%~104.0%之间。     

Microcalorimetric studies on the dismutation of superoxide anion catalyzed by superoxide dismutase

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CATALASE MIMIC WITH Fe (II) METALLOMICELLE

The effect of Fe (II) metallomicelle as a model of catalase, which was formed by adding surfactants (CTAB, SDS, LSS, Brij35) in Fe (II) -trien complex of molar ratios 1: 500 on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was investigated at 20°C and 30°C in pH 10 using KI-color and UV Spectrophotometry. A kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis was proposed. The association constant of the ternary complex K and the rate constant of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide k3 were obtained. The results indicate that the metallomicelles making up of Fe (II) metal complex and cationic or nonionic surfactants have obvious catalysis on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, but the metallomicelles making up of Fe (II) metal complex and anionic or zwitterionic surfactants have inhibition on this reaction.     

Decomposition of diacyl peroxide—VII : Oxygen scrambling in 1-apocamphoryl peroxide and related diacyl peroxides-general remarks on the relationship between the stability of acyloxy radical and amounts of cage recombinations and ester formation in the decomposition of diacyl peroxide

Thermal decomposition of 1-apocamphoryl peroxide has been investigated in CCl₄ using the ¹⁸O-labelled peroxide. 1-Apocamphoryl peroxide is the first example which undergoes radical decomposition, carboxy-inversion and oxygen scrambling reaction between carbonyl and peroxidic O atoms in the peroxide in comparable rates. The major product of the decomposition was the inversion product, 1-apocamphoryl 1-apocamphyl carbonate (52·5%), and only a minute amount of 1-apocamphyl 1-apocamphorate (2·2%) was formed. The rates of oxygen scrambling were found to be 2·70±0·21 × 10^?6 (55°), 1·85±0·12 × 10^?1 sec^?1 (70°) and 9·33±0·18 × 10^?5 sec^?1 (84·3°) (E_a, 27·5 Kcal/mol, ΔS3, ?2·3 e.u.). The cage recombination mechanism was suggested for the oxygen scrambling and the amounts of cage recombination of 1-apocamphoryloxy radical pair were calculated as 65% (55°), 60% (70°) and 52% (84·3°). The yield of the ester and the amount of cage recombination of geminate acyloxy radical pair were rationalized in terms of the stability of acyloxy radicals formed in the cage.     

Application of rhodamine B hydrazide as a new fluorogenic indicator in the highly sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose based on the catalytic effect of iron(III)-tetrasulfonato-phthalocyanine

A sensitive, selective and rapid spectrofluorimetric method is proposed for the determination of hydrogen peroxide using rhodamine B hydrazide as a fluorogenic substrate catalyzed by iron(III)-tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine. It is based on the oxidation of rhodamine B hydrazide, a colorless, non-fluorescent spirolactam hydrazide, by hydrogen peroxide which generates the highly fluorescent product rhodamine B. Under optimum conditions, the responses for hydrogen peroxide were linear from 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 3.7 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ in a 3.5 min reaction period. It can easily be incorporated into the determination of biochemical substances that produce hydrogen peroxide under catalytic oxidation in the presence of their oxidase. The possibility has been tested for the determination of glucose in human sera as an example.     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE COPPER-IMIDAZOLE CATALYSED DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Abstract

The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the tetrakis(imidazole)copper(II) complex was investigated. The kinetics, based on the rates of oxygen evolution, indicated that a ternary copper(I1)-imidazole-peroxo complex is involved in the rate-determining step. The equilibrium constant for the coordination of hydrogen peroxide to the cupric ion, and the acid dissociation constant for the coordinated H202 ligand were calculated as 1.7 M¹ and 2.1 × 10⁹ M, respectively. The ternary complex undergoes intramolecular electron transfer, with k = 4 s¹, generating Cu(1) species which can react with hydrogen peroxide or dioxygen, returning to the catalytic cycle. A complete mechanism is proposed, based on the kinetics of oxygen and on the electrocatalytic behdviour observed for the copperimidazole complexes under a dioxygen atmosphere.     

Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on MWCNT Film Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

Silver （Ag） nanoparticles were directly electrodeposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNT） in AgNO3/LiNO3 containing EDTA （ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid）. The structure and nature of the resulting Ag/MWNT composite were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and the distribution shape of Ag nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the presence of EDTA. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity to redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide and the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide was partly reversible procession with oxidation and reduction peaks at 0.77 and -0.83 V, respectively. The oxidation and reduction peak currents were linearly related to hydrogen peroxide concentration in the range of 1×10^-6-3×10^-4 and 1 ×10^-8-7× 10^-4 mol·L^-1 with correlation coefficients of 0.996 and 0.986, and 3s-detection limit of 9 × 10^-7 and 7 × 10^-9 mol·L^-1.     

Study On The Catalytic Reaction Of β-Cd-Hemin Using 2, 3, 4-Trichlorophenol As Substrate And Analytic Application

ABSTRACT|The catalytic activity of various mimetic enzymes instead of the peroxidase have been investigated by 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and 2, 3, 4-trichlorophenol (TCP) to form a dye utilizing hydrogen peroxide as hydrogen acceptor. The different Chlorophenolic derivatives, which act as a substrate in β-CD-hemin-H₂O₂-4-AAP catalytic reaction, have been systematically studied.|Meanwhile, the relationship of structure-effect for the β-CD-hemin as catalyst, and chlorphenols as substrate has been respectively discussed. The mechanism of catalytic reaction has been investigated. The results showed that β-CD-hemin was the best mimetic enzyme for peroxidase among those tested and TCP was a good substrate for the determination of hydrogen peroxide with β-CD-hemin. The method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide was proposed using 4-AAP-TCP system with β-CD-hemin as catalyst. A linear calibration graph was obtained over the H₂O₂ concentration of 4.8×10-^?8-7.7×10-^?5M, and the relative standard deviation at a H₂O₂ concentration of 2.8×10-^?5M was 2.5%. The apparent molar absorptivity of the chromogenic reaction for H₂O₂ was 1.54× 10⁴ L.mol-^?1.cm^?1. Satisfactory results were obtained in the determination of H₂O₂ in synthetic samples by this method.

Also, the method was coupled with the glucose oxidation reaction to determination glucose in human serum.     

Kinetics of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition in Guaiacol Solution, Catalyzed by Hexacyanoferrate(II)

The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in a guaiacol solution, catalyzed by potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), were studied. The reaction mainly follows the pathway of guaiacol hydroxylation. The reaction order is 1 with respect to H₂O₂, 0.5 with respect to hexacyanoferrate, and from 0.4 to 0 with respect to guaiacol (the latter parameter decreases with increasing guaiacol concentration). The apparent activation energy is 105 kJ mol^{- 1}. A kinetic scheme of the process was proposed. An expression consistent with the experiment was obtained for the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in the presence of guaiacol, catalyzed by hexacyanoferrate(II).