离子液体催化合成异丙苯的研究

以氯化正丁基吡啶-三氯化铝（bpc—AlCl3）离子液体为催化剂。考察了离子液体催化荆的酸度、反应温度、苯与丙烯的摩尔比、反应时问等因素对苯与丙烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明：酸性离子液体具有较高的催化活性与选择性,并且离子液体的活性与其酸度密切相关,酸度越大,离子液体的催化活性越好。在50％、常压、苯与丙烯的摩尔比为10、AlCl3与bpc的摩尔比为2时,丙烯转化率为100％,异丙苯选择性为97．56％,并且离子液体可以循环使用。     

FeCl_3-氯代丁基吡啶离子液体催化苯与丙烯烷基化

研究了FeC l3-氯代丁基吡啶(FeC l3-[bpc])离子液体催化苯与丙烯烷基化生产异丙苯。实验结果表明,FeC l3-[bpc]离子液体经HC l改性后,在温和的反应条件下,丙烯的转化率与异丙苯的选择性得到显著改善,在20℃、0.1M Pa、反应时间5m in、苯与丙烯的摩尔比为10∶1、FeC l3-[bpc]离子液体与苯的质量比为1∶100的条件下,丙烯的转化率由改性前的83.60%提高到100.00%,异丙苯的选择性由90.86%提高到98.47%。实验中还发现,若将该反应分为两个阶段进行,将会获得很好的反应效果。第一阶段主要是烷基化反应,在低温下得到较高的丙烯转化率;第二阶段主要是烷基转移反应,通过适当升高反应温度提高异丙苯的选择性。     

三氯化铁-氯化丁基甲基咪唑离子液体催化苯与乙烯烷基化

以三氯化铁-氯化丁基甲基咪唑(FeCl3-[bmim]Cl)离子液体为催化剂，在实验室考察了离子液体催化剂的酸度、反应温度、反应压力、原料中水含量、苯与乙烯物质的量比以及加入质子酸对苯与乙烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明，酸性的离子液体具有较高的活性与选择性，并且离子液体的活性与其酸度密切相关，酸度越大，离子液体的催化活性越好。在45℃、3．0MPa、苯和乙烯物质的量比为10、FeCl3与[bmim]Cl物质的量比为2及加入50μg／g质子酸的条件下，乙烯转化率近100％，乙苯选择性大于98％，并且可以循环使用。     

离子液体催化合成直链烷基苯

以离子液体氯化甲基丁基咪唑一三氯化铁([bmim]Cl-FeCl3)作催化剂,催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应。考察了离子液体的酸度、离子液体用量、苯／1-十二烯摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等条件对烷基化反应的影响。结果表明：酸性离子液体具有很高的催化活性和选择性,可以循环使用且活性基本没有降低。在离子液体的FeCl3／[bmim]Cl摩尔比2．0：1、1-十二烯0．02mol、FeCl3／1-十二烯摩尔比0．2：1、苯／1-十二烯摩尔比10：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间60min的条件下,1-十二烯转化率为100％,2-位异构体选择性为34．3％。     

离子液体催化苯与己烯的烷基化反应

以FeCl3-[bmim]Cl(三氯化铁-氯化丁基甲基咪唑)离子液体为催化剂,考察了离子液体催化剂的酸度、原料中水含量、苯和己烯的摩尔比及加入一定量质子酸对苯与己烯烷基化反应的影响。实验结果表明,离子液体的催化活性与其酸强度密切相关,只有在酸性条件下,离子液体对烷基化反应才有催化活性。酸性离子液体具有很高的催化活性和很好的烷基苯选择性,并且可以循环使用,活性基本没有降低。在优化的反应条件下,己烯的转化率达99 5%以上,烷基苯的选择性达到99%以上。     

MP-01新型异丙苯催化剂中试研究

采用MP—01新型异丙苯催化剂，在中试装置上进行了苯与丙烯液相烷基化反应合成异丙苯试验，通过催化剂寿命试验及条件试验考察了MP—01新型异丙苯催化剂的性能。催化剂寿命试验表明，MP-01催化剂具有良好的反应稳定性和选择性。在苯烯比2．5，丙烯空速0．8h^-1，循环量2．0t/h，反应器人口温度145℃的条件下．丙烯转化率100％，烃化液中异丙苯含量36％～37％，异丙苯选择性85％～87％，丙基选择性100％，正丙苯质量分数为50～120μg／g。苯烯比、温度、空速等条件试验证明：MP—01催化剂可以在低温、低苯烯比、高空速的反应条件下使用。在人口温度135℃，循环量2．0t/h，苯烯比2．5、空速1．0h。的条件下，丙烯转化率100％，丙基选择性100％．异阿苯选择性85％～86％，正丙苯未检出。     

离子液体合成长链烷基苯

以常压下合成的氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯铝酸盐([BMIM]Cl-AlCl3)离子液体作催化剂,通过正交实验考察其对苯与正十二烯的烷基化反应性能,研究了温度、苯/烯摩尔比和离子液体量等反应条件对转化率和2-位异构体选择性的影响。与传统催化剂相比,降低了反应温度、苯/烯摩尔比和催化剂用量。离子液体在25℃、AlCl3/正十二烯摩尔比为0.07、苯/烯摩尔比等于8时就具有很高的催化活性。     

Brφnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯

合成了具有不同ZnCl2摩尔分数的Brφnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体[HO3S-(CH2)4-mim] Cl-xZnCl2,采用Hammett指示剂与紫外联用法测定了其酸强度,考察了其在苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)与甲醛(HCHO)缩合制备二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)反应中的催化性能,并考察了反应条件对MDC收率和MPC转化率的影响.结果表明,当x=0.7时该离子液体的催化活性最高.以[HO3S-(CH2)4-mim]Cl-0.7ZnCl2为催化剂兼溶剂,在反应温度70℃、反应时间60 min、MPC与HCHO的摩尔比为10、离子液体与MPC的质量比为2的条件下,MDC收率最高可达99.1％.用水处理反应液并通过减压蒸馏回收的离子液体可以循环使用5次,其催化活性基本不变.     

H~+改善后的离子液体催化的苯与乙烯烷基化

以H+改进后的FeCl3/[bmim]Cl离子液体为催化剂,考察了离子液体催化剂中加入质子酸前后对苯与乙烯烷基化反应的影响,结果表明:离子液体中加入质子酸后,其酸度增加,离子液体的催化活性提高。酸性的离子液体具有较高的活性与选择性,并且催化剂可以循环使用,而活性基本没有降低。在优化的反应条件下,乙烯的转化率近100%,乙苯的选择性大于98%。     

BrФnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯

合成了具有不同ZnCl2摩尔分数的BrФnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体[HO3S-(CH2)4-mim]Cl-xZnCl2,采用Hammett指示剂与紫外联用法测定了其酸强度,考察了其在苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)与甲醛(HCHO)缩合制备二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)反应中的催化性能,并考察了反应条件对MDC收率和MPC转化率的影响。结果表明,当x=0.7时该离子液体的催化活性最高。以[HO3S-(CH2)4-mim]Cl-0.7ZnCl2为催化剂兼溶剂,在反应温度70℃、反应时间60min、MPC与HCHO的摩尔比为10、离子液体与MPC的质量比为2的条件下,MDC收率最高可达99.1%。用水处理反应液并通过减压蒸馏回收的离子液体可以循环使用5次,其催化活性基本不变。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.