用2,4-二硝基苯肼法检测皮革中甲醛含量

建立了一种用2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生化法定量测定皮革制品中甲醛含量的方法.常温下于酸性条件中衍生20min,并对衍生条件进行了优化,与氢氧化钾液反应后所呈的物质在波长为430nm进行吸光度的测定.该法具有操作简单、快速、费用低廉的特点,可作为皮革制品中非法添加物甲醛的检测方法之一.     

新型压电驱动微流体混合器实验

鉴于MEMS技术的工艺复杂性及昂贵的制作成本,对基于MEMS技术的压电驱动微流体混合器的结构进行了改进．利用常规的激光加工方法制作了不同尺寸的混合器,并通过实验对其性能进行了研究．结果显示,新型混合器在雷诺数为6．9、悬臂梁振动频率为200Hz、驱动电压为60V时达到充分混合所需的通道长度仅为1．1mm．这比现有的混合器在性能上有很大的提高。基本可以满足目前大多数微流体系统应用的需要．     

新型纳米磁色谱微流体芯片

通过标准光刻电铸工艺,在玻璃基片上制备了不同形状的顺磁性镍铁微柱阵列作为微流控通道内的磁力元件;通过SU-8胶光刻模板PDMS快速成型制备了微流控通道结构,通过O2 Plasma 处理和显微镜下对准,实现在玻璃基片上的永久封装,制备了磁分离微流控芯片;在微流控通道中引入含有微磁珠的溶液,通过外加磁场和流动式进样,观察微磁珠的对磁场的响应情况以及层流中的磁珠分离情况及捕获,并进行了DNA提取实验.     

基于硅结构的微混合器研究进展与应用

阐述了微混合器的一般概念,从不同角度对微混合器进行分类,综述了微混合器的国内外研究现状,从尺度效应、表面效应和多相流等3个方面分析了微混合器研究过程中存在的问题和今后的研究方向,就微混合器在生物芯片和微小型化学化工机械系统中的应用作了简要说明,展望了微混合器的研究前景.     

室内空气中甲醛快速检测的研究

对使用BH-1型甲醛分析仪测定室内空气中甲醛浓度的方法进行了研究.对于低、中、高甲醛浓度的测定,其相对误差<1.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5.6%(n=6),平均相对标准偏差(MRSD)<4.9%(n=6).同时与国家标准方(GB/T 18204.26酚试剂分光光度法)进行了实验室和现场比对,测定结果无显著差异,该仪器测定的总不确定度为10.4%.其方法快速、灵敏,适合现场多点、大批量监测,可与酚试剂分光光度法等效使用.     

食品用纸包装材料中甲醛含量的研究

目的选用4种食品用纸包装材料,采用2种不同提取法,提取样品用于测定甲醛含量。方法一是通过冷水浸提之后进行测定,二是通过热水浸提之后进行测定。结果用热水浸提法测得的甲醛含量高于用冷水浸提法测得的甲醛含量,测试样品中非食品用纸包装材料中报纸试样的甲醛含量最高。结论热水浸提法试验时间短,测得的甲醛含量总体上高于冷水浸提法测得的甲醛含量,食品用纸包装材料中的甲醛含量明显低于非食品用纸包装材料中的甲醛含量。     

微流体通道循环肿瘤细胞检定系统研究

提出在微流体框架上搭建电阻抗型循环肿瘤细胞检测计数和引入光学元件搭建病变循环肿瘤细胞检测的双重荧光激发传感器系统.前者提出了两种不同结构,在直流电路型中得到细胞体积越大峰值电压越高,并且两者有很好的线性关系,相关系数可以达到0.998,也可以得到细胞体积越大,细胞移位时间越长;在交流电路型中,创新性提出印刷电路板和聚二甲基硅氧烷结合作为衬底的思想,并和商用流式细胞仪的测量结果进行了对比,验证了这种结构的可行性.后者用特定病变肿瘤被荧光标记物标记后,受激光激发出的荧光颜色不同而可以被有效地区分开,并拿商用流式细胞仪结论进行对比,结果吻合.两种传感器都用COMSOL软件进行了理论模拟,便于确定结构参数的同时也能与实验结果对比从而优化结论.     

微流体快速沉淀法制备Nd∶YAG纳米粉体

采用一种基于微流体快速均匀混合的沉淀方法,以碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)为沉淀剂制备前驱体。红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和热分析(TG-DTA)等测试结果显示,该方法获得的前驱体经煅烧后可得到分散性好、形状规则、平均粒径为50nm的纯相Nd∶YAG纳米粉体。     

集成一次性微流控芯片的便携式荧光检测系统

本文研究了一种新型的生物化学分析系统,该系统包括便携式荧光检测仪和带光纤的微流控芯片．采用基于MEMS技术的微泵将待测物与荧光试剂的混合物导入微流控芯片,采用PMT检测受激发产生的荧光,荧光强度与待测物浓度成一定比例．激发光则通过光纤将光源LED光信号导入微沟道中．随着液体在微沟道中的流动,可连续分析和检测不同的样品．该系统检测1～1000μg／L浓度的荧光素具有0．966的相关系数．基于荧光猝灭原理,该系统还可检测浓度为5ng／μL的硝基化合物．该生化分析系统除具有便携式和一次性微流控芯片优点外,还具有成本低．试剂、样品消耗量少,且分析时间短等优点该系统能实现现场检测,可应用于临床诊断、环境检测及生物战剂检测等领域     

热电冷却微流体芯片的温度响应特性优化研究

精确的温度调控是微流体技术在生化分析和医学诊断等方面发展应用的重要保障。为实现微流体芯片目标区域的温度控制,本文设计了基于异型结构热电制冷器的微流体芯片温度控制系统,通过数值模拟和实验测试分析了该温控系统的传热特性及及温度响应特性。研究结果表明：采用的热电制冷器可将微流体芯片样品池的温度降至-24 ℃,但样品池的降温速率远小于热电制冷器的冷端降温速率,存在温度响应迟滞问题。为此,进一步提出了带有聚冷结构的系统优化,结果表明：聚冷结构的引入虽然会带来少量的冷量损失,但可以显著提升该温控系统的温度响应速率,有效减少响应时间。对于T型聚冷结构,当下底直径为14 mm和10 mm时,可分别将温度响应时间减少30%和40.7%。     

微流控LAMP芯片构建及在MRSA快速检测中的应用研究

构建一种基于环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),集细菌在线裂解、核酸提取、目标基因扩增和产物检测一体化的用于病原菌快速检测的集成式微流控芯片。以耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus,MRSA)为模式菌,以mec A为靶基因,在优化条件下用芯片实现对病原菌的在线检测,完成对101~106cfu MRSA的在线裂解、LAMP扩增和产物测定,采用荧光原位检测可得101~105cfu的检测范围和101cfu的检出限。该微流控LAMP芯片结构简单,操作便捷,可在1 h内实现对MRSA mec A基因的快速检测,具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,为下一步临床生物样本病原菌快速检测微流控芯片系统的构建奠定前期研究基础。     

环烯烃聚合物(COP)微流控芯片的制备及其与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微流控芯片的性能对比

采用热压方法制备了环烯烃聚合物(COP)微流控芯片.考虑到温度对微结构热压成形的质量影响最大,基于材料的粘弹性特性,通过变温准蠕变实验获得了热压参考温度Tr.实验证明,在该温度下热压成形,宽度和深度方向的复制精度分别达到了97.6%和94.3%.为了研究制备的COP微流控芯片的性能,将其和同一模具制备的PMMA微流控芯片进行了性能对比实验.通过背景荧光实验、电泳实验和DNA分析实验三方面的研究表明,与PMMA芯片相比,COP芯片背景荧光低,电泳效率高,检测重现性相对标准偏差小于2.5%,适用于生化分析.     

Electrokinetically controlled DNA hybridization microfluidic chip enabling rapid target analysis

Biosensors and more specifically biochips exploit the interactions between a target analyte and an immobilized biological recognition element to produce a measurable signal. Systems based on surface nucleic acid hybridization, such as microarrays, are particularly attractive due to the high degree of selectivity in the binding interactions. One of the drawbacks of this reaction is the relatively long time required for complete hybridization to occur, which is often the result of diffusion-limited reaction kinetics. In this work, an electrokinetically controlled DNA hybridization microfluidic chip will be introduced. The electrokinetic delivery technique provides the ability to dispense controlled samples of nanoliter volumes directly to the hybridization array (thereby increasing the reaction rate) and rapidly remove nonspecific adsorption, enabling the hybridization, washing, and scanning procedures to be conducted simultaneously. The result is that all processes from sample dispensing to hybridization detection can be completed in as little as 5 min. The chip also demonstrates an efficient hybridization scheme in which the probe saturation level is reached very rapidly as the targets are transported over the immobilized probe site enabling quantitative analysis of the sample concentration. Detection levels as low as 50 pM have been recorded using an epifluorescence microscope.     

PDMS微流控电泳芯片的快速制备

采用Protel软件绘制微流控沟道的形状,利用电路板制作技术加工出模具.该芯片由PDMS基片和PDMS盖片组成,微流控沟道位于基片上,深度和宽度分别为75μm和100μm,由盖片对其进行密封.考察了有绝缘漆模具和无绝缘漆模具制作的芯片的电泳分离情况.在所制作的PDMS微流控电泳芯片上对用异硫氰酸酯荧光素标记的氨基酸进行了电泳分离,当信噪比S/N=3时,最小检测浓度达到0.8×10-11mol/L.     

Multistage isoelectric focusing in a polymeric microfluidic chip

This paper reports a protocol that improves the resolving power of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a polymeric microfluidic chip. This method couples several stages of IEF in series by first focusing proteins in a straight channel using broad-range ampholytes and then refocusing segments of the first channel into secondary channels that branch from the first one at T-junctions. Experiments demonstrate that several fluorescent proteins that had focused within a segment of the straight channel in the first stage were refocused at significantly higher resolution due to the shallower pH gradient and higher electrical field gradient. Two variants of green fluorescent protein from the second-stage IEF fractionation were further separated in a third stage. Three stages of IEF were completed in less than 25 min at electric field strengths ranging from 50 to 214 V/cm.     

Apoptosis goes on a chip: advances in the microfluidic analysis of programmed cell death

Recent years have brought enormous progress in cell-based lab-on-a-chip technologies, allowing dynamic studies of cell death with an unprecedented accuracy. As interest in the microfabricated technologies for cell-based bioassays is rapidly gaining momentum, we highlight the most promising technologies that provide a new outlook for the rapid assessment of programmed and accidental cell death and are applicable in drug discovery, high-content drug screening, and personalized clinical diagnostics.     

微流控芯片制作及电特性研究

采用热压和键合的方法制作玻璃和有机聚合物(PMMA)芯片,对玻璃和PMMA芯片在高压直流电场作用下的伏安特性进行了研究和分析。实验表明,玻璃芯片的伏安线性区域为1100V,PMMA芯片为700V,由于玻璃的导热性能优于PMMA,所以玻璃芯片的伏安线性区域大于PMMA芯片。在此线性段内,根据基尔霍夫电流定律将芯片简化为等效电阻模型,研究了分离电压以及分离焦耳热对芯片分离效果的影响因素,为微流控芯片的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Optimization of a microfluidic mixer for studying protein folding kinetics

We have applied an optimization method in conjunction with numerical simulations to minimize the mixing time of a microfluidic mixer developed for protein folding studies. The optimization method uses a semideterministic algorithm to find the global minimum of the mixing time by varying the mixer geometry and flow conditions. We describe the minimization problem and constraints and give a brief overview of the optimization algorithm. We present results of the optimization, including the optimized geometry and parameter sensitivities, and we demonstrate the improvement in mixing performance with experiments using microfabricated mixers. The dye-quenching experiments of the original and optimized mixer designs show respective mixing times of 7 and 4 mus, a 40% reduction. The new design also provides more uniform mixing across streamlines that enter the mixer. The optimized mixer is the fastest reported continuous flow mixer for protein folding.     

Isoelectric focusing in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chip

This paper reports the application of ampholyte-based isoelectric focusing in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using methylcellulose (MC) to reduce electroosmosis and peak drift. Although the characteristics of PDMS make it possible to fabricate microfluidic chips using soft lithography, unstable electroosmotic flow (EOF) and cathodic drift are significant problems when this medium is used. This paper demonstrates that EOF is greatly reduced in PDMS by applying a dynamic coat of MC to the channel walls and that higher concentrations of MC can be used to increase the viscosity of the electrode solutions in order to suppress pH gradient drift and reduce "compression"of the pH gradient. To illustrate the effect of MC on performance, several fluorescent proteins were focused in microchip channels 5 microm deep by 300 microm wide by 2 cm long in 3-10 min using broad-range ampholytes at electric field strengths ranging from 25 to 100 V/cm.     

微流控芯片表面修饰及在蛋白质富集中的应用

应用分子自组装技术，在SiO2表面衍生活泼醛基，在SiO2表面有125nm的衍生物，衍生的醛基和氨基发生共价反应而将入免疫球蛋白G固定在二氧化硅表面，抗原抗体反应显示固定的抗体有活性。应用微加工技术加工含交叉排列的椭圆形微柱阵列的微流控芯片，有效增加内表面积和流体接触机会，用同样修饰方法修饰微流控芯片内表面并固定人免疫球蛋白G，流经管道的相应抗抗体和其发生反应而被吸附在管道表面，实现对该抗抗体的亲和富集，富集后荧光密度增加15倍。表面修饰技术能实现蛋白质在二氧化硅表面的固定并保持其生物活性，结合微流控芯片能实现对相应蛋白质的微量富集。