基于级联半导体光放大器中交叉增益调制效应的新型全光逻辑与门

提出一种基于级联半导体光放大器(SOA)中的交叉增益调制(XGM)效应实现的全光逻辑与门新方案。该方案采用单端耦合半导体光放大器提高第一级半导体光放大器输出的消光比，合理控制第二级半导体光放大器的输入光功率，实现了两路2．5Gbit／s非归零(NRZ)信号的逻辑与运算。详细阐明了基于级联半导体光放大器的与门的工作原理和实验方案，分析了实验结果。根据实验结果，发现第一级半导体光放大器输出信号的消光比和信噪比对逻辑与运算结果影响较大，利用单端耦合半导体光放大器后能改善逻辑与运算结果，第二级半导体光放大器的输入抽运光功率对逻辑与运算输出的信号质量有较大的影响。合理控制这些因素，可以有效地提高该逻辑与门的输出特性。     

全光逻辑异或门相位差特性研究

为了改善全光逻辑门的相位差特性,对全光逻辑异或门的相位差进行了研究。采用细化分段模型对量子点半导体光放大器的动态过程进行建模,利用牛顿法和4阶龙格-库塔法求解三能级跃迁速率方程以及光场传输方程,实现了基于量子点半导体光放大器马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构的全光逻辑异或门;研究了有源区长度、最大模式增益、输入抽运光功率以及输入抽运光脉冲宽度对通过干涉仪两臂探测光相位差的影响,同时讨论了探测光的相位差与输出光功率的关系。结果表明,增大有源区长度、最大模式增益以及输入抽运光功率,均能使探测光相位差增大;随着抽运光脉冲宽度增大,探测光相位差先增大而后趋于平缓,之后不断减小;有源区长度为2.0mm、最大模式增益为3000m-1、输入抽运光功率为5dBm、抽运光脉冲宽度为1.0ps时,最大相位差增加至0.3277π;随着探测光相位差增大,输出光功率增大;通过优化参量可以增大探测光的相位差,而输出光功率会随着探测光相位差的增大而增大。该研究为提高转换信号质量提供了参考。     

基于半导体光放大器的新型全光逻辑与门

为了实现基于半导体光放大器的全光逻辑与门,采用了在半导体光放大器构成的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的基础上,注入外部连续光的方法。以半导体光放大器速率方程为基础,对设计方案进行了理论分析和仿真验证,取得了不同重复周期、不同脉冲宽度的光脉冲序列经过全光逻辑与门操作后的输出数据。结果表明,该方案能对传输速率为10Gbit/s或以下的信号进行正确与运算,同时,外光注入可以有效提高半导体光放大器信号处理速度。这一结果对基于半导体光放大器的全光逻辑的设计是有帮助的。     

基于半导体光放大器的新型全光逻辑与门

为了实现基于半导体光放大器的全光逻辑与门,采用了在半导体光放大器构成的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的基础上,注入外部连续光的方法.以半导体光放大器速率方程为基础,对设计方案进行了理论分析和仿真验证,取得了不同重复周期、不同脉冲宽度的光脉冲序列经过全光逻辑与门操作后的输出数据.结果表明,该方案能对传输速率为10Gbit/s或以下的信号进行正确与运算,同时,外光注入可以有效提高半导体光放大器信号处理速度.这一结果对基于半导体光放大器的全光逻辑的设计是有帮助的.     

基于QD-SOA-XGM的全光逻辑或非门研究

为了改善基于交叉增益调制效应的量子点半导体光放大器全光逻辑或非门的性能,研究了QD-SOA-XGM全光逻辑门的码型效应特性,用两个连“1”脉冲和单个“1”脉冲的峰值功率来衡量,即P30/P20。研究结果表明:第一级输入电流越小,逻辑或非门的性能越好,而第二级输入电流对或非门性能影响很小;在一定范围内,输入连续光功率越大、有源区长度越长、有源区宽度越宽、最大模式增益越大、损耗系数越小,或非门输出效果越好。     

基于级联半导体光放大器实现全光逻辑与门的改进方案

基于级联半导体光放大器(SOA)实现全光逻辑与门的方案中,第一级输出信号质量直接影响逻辑与运算结果.采用载流子恢复较慢的体材料半导体光放大器用于第一级转换,在10 Gbit/s以上得不到理想的转换结果,限制了该方案实现逻辑与门的速率.利用光纤延时干涉仪(DI)和第一级半导体光放大器级联可以改善第一级输出信号质量,从而有效提高第二级全光逻辑与门的实现速率.阐述了改进方案中延时干涉仪的作用,并进行了数值模拟.根据实验结果,采用载流子恢复较慢的半导体光放大器级联延时干涉仪能够实现高速归零(RZ)信号和非归零(NRZ)信号的反码,从而得到较高速率的全光逻辑与门.实验实现了20 Gbit/s的伪随机归零和非归零信号的全光逻辑与门,对40 Gbit/s的结果进行了分析和讨论.     

基于QD-SOA交叉增益调制的波长转换研究

量子点半导体光放大器具有比传统半导体光放大器更快的载流子恢复时间,基于QD-SOA交叉增益调制的波长转换技术具有转换速率快,无pattern effects效应的特点.对有源区长度,输入信号光功率和转化后信号的消光比和脉冲展宽进行了研究,对提高基于QD-SOA交叉增益调制波长转换的性能具有指导意义.     

波分复用-光时分复用波长转换信号的消光比研究

对基于半导体光放大器(SOA)交叉增益调制(XGM)效应的全光波分复用一光时分复用(WDM—OTDM)转换后的两路时分复用输出信号的消光比(ER)特性进行了分析。研究了两路波分复用的输入抽运光和探测光的功率、波长、抽运光的消光比、数据速率以及半导体光放大器的偏置电流、腔长和模场限制因子对转换信号消光比的影响。模拟结果表明，增大抽运光输入功率，选择长波长抽运光，可以增加转换光相应信道消光比，但减小了相邻信道的输出消光比；增加抽运光消光比，可以提高转换光消光比，但各个信道增长幅度不同；减小探测光输入功率，选取短波长探测光波长，增加半导体光放大器的腔长和模场限制因子以及大的偏置电流可提高转换光消光比；对于两路或多路波分复用信号转换时分复用信号的过程中，一定要考虑转换光每个信道消光比的均衡。     

基于QD-SOA交叉相位调制全光逻辑或门啁啾特性的研究

利用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(Mach-Zehnder Interferometer,MZI)结构实现了基于量子点半导体光放大器(Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,QD-SOA)交叉相位调制(Cross-Phase Modulation,XPM)全光逻辑或门。变换光啁啾在一定程度上影响系统的传输性能与输出波形,通过求解跃迁速率方程,建立QD-SOA仿真模型,研究全光逻辑或门的啁啾特性,并仿真分析了有源区长度、背景光功率、脉冲宽度以及注入电流对啁啾的影响。结果表明:有源区长度设置在1.0~2.0 mm、背景光功率设置在小于0 dBm、脉冲宽度设置在1.0 ps左右,QD-SOA-XPM全光逻辑或门的性能较好。     

量子点半导体光放大器的速率方程和增益特性

为了深入研究量子点半导体光放大器(QD-SOA)的特性,建立了量子点半导体光放大器子带导带的三能级系统模型.把系统载流子的速率方程与其他文献采用的速率方程进行了对比优化.通过数值计算得到了瞬态解,并得到载流子在放大器各能级态的浓度分布,验证了量子点中能级分立特性.利用电子和空穴各自的占有几率在基态成一定的线性关系,在稳态下对速率方程求解,得出了量子点半导体光放大器相关的增益特性,以及增益特性与基态电子的占有几率之间的关系.结果表明量子点半导体光放大器具有很高的饱和增益和微分增益,较低的阈值电流等特性.说明量子点半导体光放大器具有比其他体材料和量子阱光放大器更加优异的特性.为光放大器的设计提供了有力的理论指导.     

SOA工作条件对全光异或输出性能的影响研究

理论分析了SOA动态模型和SOA-MZI全光异或原理,采用光通信系统设计软件OptiSystem搭建了基于SOA-MZI的全光异或实验模型,仿真研究了注入SOA的数据信号光功率、连续探测光功率、偏置电流等工作条件对异或输出消光比、Q值以及误码性能的影响,取得了一组最佳工作条件,即数据信号光功率为3dBm,连续探测光功率为0dBm,偏置电流为600mA,此时可以得到最佳的异或输出性能:消光比约11.5dB,Q值约22,误码率约10-108量级。研究方法和相关结论可以推广到基于SOA的其他全光信号处理应用中,为未来全光网络的全面建设做准备。     

All-optical analog-to-digital converters, hardlimiters, and logicgates

The authors propose and analyze the optical signal processing functionality of periodic structures consisting of alternating layers of materials possessing different Kerr nonlinearities. They explore structure-materials-performance relationships in all-optical analog-to-digital converters, hardlimiters, and AND and OR gates. They show that their proposed analog-to-digital converters can extract a binary word from multilevel optical signals in a single bit interval. They also propose a family of optical limiters whose output signal clamps to a set upper logic level for any input value exceeding a chosen threshold. They explore the performance of an all-optical logic gate whose forward-directed output implements a binary AND and whose backward-directed output implements an OR function     

Software-synchronized all-optical sampling for fiber communication systems

This paper describes a software-synchronized all-optical sampling system that presents synchronous eye diagrams and data patterns as well as calculates accurate Q values without requiring clock recovery. A synchronization algorithm is presented that calculates the offset frequency between the data bit rate and the sampling rate, and as a result, synchronous eye diagrams can be presented. The algorithm is shown to be robust toward poor signal quality and adds less than 100-fs timing drift to the eye diagrams. An extension of the software synchronization algorithm makes it possible to automatically find the pattern length of a periodic data pattern in a data signal. As a result, individual pulses can be investigated and detrimental effects present on the data signal can be identified. Noise averaging can also be applied. To measure accurate Q values without clock recovery, a high sampling rate is required in order to establish the noise statistics of the measured signal before any timing drift occurs. This paper presents a system with a 100-MHz sampling rate that measures accurate Q values at bit rates as high as 160 Gb/s. The high bandwidth of the optical sampling system also contributes to sampling more noise, which in turn results in lower Q values compared with conventional electrical sampling with a lower bandwidth. A theory that estimates the optically sampled Q values as a function of the sampling gate width is proposed and experimentally verified.     

Low-power all-optical gate based on sum frequency mixing in APEwaveguides in PPLN

We present an all-optical gate implemented in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) (LiNbO₃). Efficient mixing is achieved by using a phase-matched guided-wave interaction. A control wave at 1.537 μm is used to gate a signal at 1.552 μm, where a control power of 185 mW is sufficient to achieve 96% depletion of a low-power signal. A simple switch configuration is described whereby high-contrast low-power all-optical switching can be performed     

All-optical NOR gate based on injection-locking effect in a semiconductor laser

A scheme for all-optical NOR logic gate is proposed based on injection-locking effect in a semiconductor laser. In this scheme, signal light injection into the laser will cause frequency shift of laser modes, as a result, the probe light into the laser can be switched between injection-locked and unlocked status, and its output power will be modulated. Theoretical analysis for this scheme is carded out by using a model to describe the dynamics of the injection-locked laser. By numerical simulation, the influence of laser bias current, laser length, injected signal power and signal frequency on the output performance of NOR logic gate is quantitatively analyzed.     

40 Gbit/s全光异或门性能仿真

为了提高基于SOA-MZI结构的全光异或门的输出消光比,优化系统性能,将SOA和HNLF相结合,在光通信系统设计软件OptiSystem7.0仿真平台上搭建了基于SOA-MZI的全光异或仿真实验模型,对两路40 Gbit/s的RZ码数据信号进行了全光异或仿真实验。利用HNLF的非线性效应设计了一种优化结构对基于SOA-MZI的全光异或输出信号进行优化,并对优化前后的信号时域波形图和系统眼图进行了比较分析,通过多次反复实验得到一组最佳的系统参数,使得基于SOA-MZI的全光异或门的输出消光比从10 dB提高到约28 dB。实验结果表明:常规的基于SOA-MZI的全光异或门由于相消干涉不彻底造成输出消光比较低,而经过优化,很好地解决了这种问题,提高了异或输出消光比,优化了系统性能。     

Analytical study of crosstalk propagation in all-optical networks using perturbation theory

The performance of current optical networks is inherently limited by the speed of electronic components and, in particular, by electronic switches. A new generation of optical networks, referred to as all-optical networks, overcomes this limitation by switching data entirely optically using all-optical crossconnects (OXCs). However, all-optical networks are prone to phenomena that are unknown to current optical networks with electrical regeneration: OXCs are subject to optical leaks, called crosstalk, resulting in unwanted components being added to transmitted signals, and this crosstalk is transmitted over very long paths without any signal regeneration. In this paper, we consider the interplay between fiber nonlinearity and crosstalk signals over long distances as the source of performance degradation, measured in terms of Q factor. We present an analytical crosstalk model for all-optical networks and give expressions for the performance degradation resulting from the joint propagation of a signal [using a continuous-wave (CW) assumption and perturbation theory] and crosstalk in large networks. Analytical calculations required by this model are shown to be much less computationally intensive than simulations. Simulations are carried out to validate our analytical model and good agreement is found between the analytical model and simulations for wide ranges of parameters.