高果糖浆和其他甜味剂在食品加工中的选用

从介绍甜味剂甜味性质和特点着手,着重说明了高果糖浆及其它甜味剂的甜味特点、甜味影响因素及选用原则,从而为食品企业根据自身产品要求选用合适的甜味剂提供参考。     

天然甜味剂的开发应用及展望

在人们生活水平日益提高和减糖行动盛行的大背景下,低热量高甜度的天然甜味剂引起了人们越来越多的关注。本文对目前国内外已开发利用的天然甜味剂进行了综述,以期为天然甜味剂的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

分子动力学模拟研究甜味感受机理

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对人工甜味受体C60(OH)20与3种单糖(葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖)、3种双糖(蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖)及甜味抑制剂Na-PMP的相互作用过程分别进行了研究。结果表明:甜味剂的甜度与其和C60(OH)20的结合能有关,在相同条件下,甜味剂的甜度越低,其与C60(OH)20的结合能越小;当Na-PMP与C60(OH)20摩尔比越大时,两者的结合能也越大。此外,C60(OH)20优先自发识别甜味抑制剂,甜味抑制剂与C60(OH)20形成氢键的同时也会与蔗糖分子形成氢键,从而导致了蔗糖分子与C60(OH)20的识别作用受阻,这在一定程度上解释了甜味抑制机理。     

新型高倍二肽甜味剂的制备与表征

N-{N-[3-甲基-3-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)丁基]-α-L-天冬氨酰}-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯是一种新型纽甜类似物甜味剂。以3,4-亚甲基苯硼酸,3,3-二甲基丙烯酸为原料,经过Heck反应、酯化反应及DIBAL-H还原得到了3-甲基-3-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)丁醛中间体。然后该中间体与阿斯巴甜在钯/碳催化作用下进行氢化还原氨化反应,成功制备了目标产物N-{N-[3-甲基-3-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)丁基]-α-L-天冬氨酰}-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯。产物采用了核磁共振(NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)等技术进行结构鉴定和分析,最后确证无误。经感官评定,测得其甜度约为蔗糖的3万倍。     

柑桔培养基中乳酸菌的生长状况研究

采用正交试验对乳酸菌在脱脂乳和桔汁、桔皮汁等培养基及不同发酵温度、时间和菌种条件下，产酸和菌数等进行了测定。结果表明乳酸菌在柑桔培养基中生长良好     

不同冷冻浓缩橙汁质量比较

对进口和国产的5个冷冻浓缩橙汁样品进行了分析,结果表明,国产橙汁的苦味重,酸度大,香气淡,而进口橙汁苦味淡,酸度适宜,香气较浓,因此进口橙汁的质量较好,但是国产橙汁Vc含量较高,两者的颜色差异不大。     

复合果汁酸牛奶的研制

对橙汁、胡萝卜汁、苹果汁3种复合果汁添加到酸牛奶中进行了研究。通过试验和实际生产，确定3种果汁加量分别为2％．1％和1％。     

桔汁酿酒可行性研究

对以无核桔为原料生产桔子酒的可行性进行了研究。探讨了温度、时间、接种量等因素对酒体品质及风味的影响,并通过感官评定得出桔子酒的最佳生产工艺。结果表明：采用压榨取汁,主酵温度 23℃、酵母接种量 2× 106cfu/mL、主酵时间 5d、后酵温度 10℃、时间为 21d,所酿制的桔子酒果香浓郁、风味独特。     

应用响应面法优化无糖番茄鲜汁配方

为探究一种无糖番茄鲜汁的最佳配方,以加工番茄鲜汁为基质,采用单因素和响应面分析法,考察木糖醇添加量、罗汉果甜苷添加量和甜菊糖添加量对无糖番茄鲜汁感官评分的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面优化试验,得到最佳配方。结果表明,无糖番茄鲜汁最佳配方为:木糖醇添加量1%、罗汉果甜苷添加量0.004%、甜菊糖添加量0.002%,验证试验得到实际感官评分平均值为96.33±0.29分,与理论预测值相比,其相对误差约0.08%。经检测无糖番茄鲜汁的可溶性固形物含量5.6%、番茄红素含量6.29 mg/100 g;菌落总数、大肠菌群及致病菌检测结果均符合农业行业标准。试验结果为无糖番茄鲜汁工业化生产提供理论依据。     

橙汁的杀菌条件与橙汁稳定性的关系研究

通过采用高温短时杀菌（９５℃１５″）和水浴低温长时间杀菌（７５℃５’）两种方法对橙汁进行杀菌，对杀菌后的橙汁进行测定，发现橙汁中的几种沉淀前体物的含量变化有较大差异，并且得到了低温长时间杀菌（７５℃５’）优于高温短时（９５℃１５″）杀菌的结论。     

胡萝卜-甜橙复合乳饮料生产工艺的探索

为充分利用胡萝卜和橙子,开发研究胡萝卜一甜橙复合乳饮料。胡萝卜和橙子榨汁后,调制成复合果汁,再与鲜奶混匀制成复合奶,加入白砂糖、柠檬酸和CMC—Na,经均质、杀菌和灌装等工序得成品。最佳配方：胡萝卜汁与橙汁的比例为2：3,复合果汁加入量为45％,鲜奶加入量为45％,加糖量为10％。柠檬酸用量为0．2％,稳定剂CMC-Na用量为0．3％。成品呈浅粉红色,酸甜可口,粘度适中,pH值为3．8—4．1,糖度为10％,蛋白质≥0．75％,脂肪≥0．85％,总固彤物≥11％。     

Effect of ideal–relative sweetness on yogurt consumption

The objectives of this study were to determine how hedonically different sweetness levels in yogurt, determined by the ideal–relative rating method, affected taste test liking ratings and consumption in a naturalistic setting. Nineteen subjects attended a preliminary session, a taste test and three lunch tests. During the taste test, they rated yogurt with three levels of sweetness (high, optimum, and low) for six attributes. During each lunch test, they were offered a tray of nine food items, including yogurt at one of the three sweetness levels. Subjects liked the optimally sweet yogurt best in the taste test and consumed the most of it at lunch. Taste test liking ratings did not predict the amount of yogurt consumed during lunch. The lower-than-optimum sweetness level was more detrimental to taste test ratings than was the oversweetened yogurt whereas the higher-than-optimum sweetness level was more detrimental to consumption during lunch than was the undersweetened yogurt.     

固相微萃取-气质联用分析塔罗科血橙汁香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取对塔罗科血橙汁的香气成分进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱对香气化合物进行分析,结合谱库检索技术和保留指数对化合物进行鉴定,应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量,共鉴定出39种香气成分,相对总量为87.23%。主要香气成分为烃类(55.13%),酯类(13.67%)、醇类(13.17%)、醛类(4.59%),还有2种酮类(0.67%)。其中相对含量最高的是柠檬烯(50.40%),其次是丁酸乙酯(7.67%)、乙醇(5.38%)、3-羟基己酸乙酯(3.92%)、己醛(3.73%)、芳樟醇(3.32%)、β-月桂烯(1.87%)、α-松油醇(1.50%)、巴伦西亚桔烯(1.50%)、己酸乙酯(1.07%)。     

Kinetic Models for Thermal Inactivation of Multiple Pectinesterases in Citrus Juices

First-order kinetic model of a two-component system was applied to investigate heat inactivation of multiple pectinesterases in citrus juices. The conventional log-linear model was applied to determine D- and z-values of thermolabile and thermostable pectinesterases in citrus juices, respectively, for use in the two-component model. A parameter for concentration of enzyme populations in the juice was included in the model. The two-component model predicted results were in better agreement with the observed heat pasteurization curves than those predicted by the log-linear kinetic model. The two-component model is especially useful for optimizing temperature-time conditions for pasteurizing citrus juices.     

Pectin methylesterase activity in juices from mandarins, oranges and hybrids

The pectin methylesterase (PME) activity of fresh and processed juices obtained from Valencia-late oranges, Clementine mandarins (cultivar Nules) and citrus hybrids (Ortanique) was studied. The PME activity was measured using a modification of the traditional method of Rouse and Atkins [1], based on the titration of carboxylic groups generated by PME during the hydrolysis of a commercial pectin solution. Instead of maintaining the pH at a given value by addition of NaOH, the maximum rate of pH decrease is used as measurement of the PME activity. An exponential decay function accurately represents the evolution of pH with time from a starting value of pH = 7.8 (optimum pH of PME activity for all assayed cultivars). This function allows an easy calculation of the PME activity. The total PME activity measured was similar in Clementine and Valencia-late juices, and approximately twice that of Ortanique juices. Ratios between thermostable and total PME activity were 4.0–8.4% for Clementine, 12.6–12.7% for Valencia-late and 24.2–34.2% for Ortanique juices. Soft heat treatments (70 °C, 30 s or 74 °C, 10 s) were enough to reduce the total PME activity of Clementine juices under the maximum residual level (10%) for commercial life of refrigerated juices, according to Irwe and Olson [2]. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Flavor Losses in Orange Juice during Ultrafiltration and Subsequent Evaporation

Losses of volatile compounds in orange juice during ultrafiltration and subsequent evaporation were studied. Alcohols and esters predominated in the permeate, while terpenes (d-limonene and valencene) and nonpolar aldehydes (octanal and decanal) were distributed in the retentate from the ultrafiltration (UF) system. Fractions of some flavor compounds were lost during ultrafiltration process. An aqueous phase essence was recovered from the permeate during evaporative concentration. No oil phase was observed. When whole juice was concentrated, both oil and aqueous phases were recovered. Essence recovery efficiency of individual compounds was 3 to 13% when concentrating permeate and <5% when concentrating whole juice.