浅谈普钙中硫的含量及其作用

介绍了普钙钙中硫的含量，对作物生长的重要性及应考虑硫的计价出售。     

年产二万吨复混肥试生产情况简报

为改变我厂化肥“品种单一”及适应农村商品经济发展的需求,我厂根据党中央关于“化肥要走复合肥料的道路”的指示精神,结合我厂可为复肥生产提供两种原料——尿素和硫铵,于1988年8月底建成年产二万吨尿素普钙体系粒状复混肥装置,并达     

磷矿质量对普钙和重钙生产的影响（节译）

在磷和钾第178期专文论述了用含杂质的低质量磷矿生产磷酸的文章。本文进一步对含用杂质的磷矿生产普钙和重钙的影响进行了探讨。 生产普钙要求磷矿的细度要比生产磷酸高得多,对火成岩矿规定的粒度是80％～90％通过325目,相当于98％～100％通过200目。在大多数情况下,矿的粉碎是用环形碾压机进行粉碎的;水成岩磷矿是使用球磨机粉碎的,通常粒度是90％的通过100目,     

普钙标准矿耗对其成本的影响

本文分析了标准矿耗对普钙成本的影响，其结果是：一般情况下，磷矿转化率提高，标准矿耗降低，硫酸耗用量增加，致使普钙成本提高，反之亦然。     

关于普钙改造及开发富钙的建议

本文概述和分析了当前本省化肥工业生产情况,提出普钙技术改造的措施和开发富钙的意义,并扼要介绍了富钙和稀磷酸的生产工艺及对相关的资源提出了多品种经营的建议。     

关于过磷酸钙成品实物产量统计方法的探讨

关于过磷酸钙成品实物产量统计方法的探讨廖德林（衡阳市松柏化肥厂）化工部化肥司１９７８年１０月颁发的《小硫酸小磷肥厂主要技术指标统计计算方法》中所规定的普钙产量的计算方法是根据普钙生产的特点和当时普钙生产企业的条件而制定的。根据普钙生产的特点，产品要在...     

过磷酸钙的农化作用

过磷酸钙的农化作用刘立新（北京中国农科院土肥所）１前言化学加工法生产肥料始于１８３９年，ＪＯｈｎ，ｂ．Ｌａｗｅｓ用硫酸处理骨粉制造过磷酸钙（简称普钙），１８４２年获得专利，１８４３年开始大量生产。普钙产品不仅含有磷，还有丰富的作物所必须的营养元素。磷...     

利用地杂磷矿生产普钙提高转化率的措施

提出了合理提高普钙转化率、利用质量日益贫化的湖北地杂磷矿生产出合格普钙的具体措施。     

普钙生产新型混合反应装置

介绍了由一个喷射管管和一个折流室构成的用于普钙生产的新型混合反应器，它有结构简单、操作方便、质轻体小，成本低、应用效果等好等优点。     

普钙新型混合反应装置的应用及经济效益

介绍了由一个喷射管和一个折流室构成的用于普钙生产的新型混合反应器，它有结构简单，节能，操作方便，质轻体小，成本低，应用效果好等优点。     

新型肥料开发进展

介绍了国内最新创制的活化磷肥、有机钾肥、氨酸螯合肥、含肽氮肥、硫磺加强型肥料、富过磷酸钙磷肥、生物有机肥、高分子聚合物增效肥料等8种新型肥料的开发进展和应用概况。     

Effectiveness of Ecophos compared with single and coastal superphosphates

Ecophos is a possible alternative phosphorus (P) fertilizer to single and coastal superphosphate for clover pasture (Trifolium subterraneum) on P leaching, sandy, humic podzols in the > 800 mm annual average rainfall areas of south-western Australia. Ecophos and coastal superphosphate are partially acidulated rock phosphates (PARP) fertilizers. Ecophos is made from calcium iron aluminium (crandallite millisite) rock phosphate. Coastal superphosphate is made from apatite. The sandy humic podzols are known to promote extensive dissolution of rock phosphates, including the untreated rock phosphate present in PARP fertilizers. In this field study (early April 1992 to end of October 1994), the effectiveness of the PARP fertilizers was calculated relative to the effectiveness of single superphosphate (relative effectiveness or RE), using yield and P content of dry clover herbage. The RE of the PARP fertilizers varied markedly between assessments, both within and between years, from being much less effective than single superphosphate, to equally or much more efective. This great diversity in RE is attributed to the different extents P can be leached in the soil, depending on seasonal conditions. It is concluded that Ecophos is a suitable alternative P fertilizer for the soil and environment studied.     

重过磷酸钙产品的推广和应用

重过磷酸钙是由磷酸分解矿粉后得到的高浓度磷肥,是重要的磷肥品种。重过磷酸钙可直接施用,也可作为制造其它三元肥料的原料。本文全面回顾上海化工研究院在重钙的研制工作中所取得的成果,并对今后有关重钙相关技术的开发提出了有益的设想和建议,以期推动重钙生产的进一步发展。     

The effects of different manufacturing techniques on the availability of sulfate to pasture from mixtures of elemental sulfur with either triple superphosphate or partially acidulated reactive phosphate rock

Six different preparations of elemental sulfur incorporated into triple superphosphate and a single mixture of elemental sulfur with partially acidulated reactive phosphate rock were evaluated for the rate of release of sulfatesulfur to pasture at two sites.The method of preparing the mixtures affected the size of sulfur particles released on dispersion of fertilizer granules. The rates of release of sulfate from oxidation of the elemental sulfur was controlled by the fineness of the particles of elemental sulfur. For rapid release of sulfate by oxidation a mixture prepared by sintering elemental sulfur with mature triple superphosphate was the most effective. It contained sulfur particles of diameter less than 75 m. The mixtures which comprised synthetic blends of elemental sulfur of particle size less than 150 m or 150–250 m, each with mature triple superphosphate, released sulfate at a progressively slower rate than that with particles less than 75 m. However, both proved effective sulfur fertilizers releasing sulfate over a 1–2 year period. In contrast, mixtures prepared by adding molten elemental sulfur during the process of manufacturing triple superphosphate resulted in a coarser distribution of sulfur particles and a slow release of sulfate to plants.The incorporation of sulfur into a mixture with partially acidulated reactive phosphate rock was made via the dispersion of molten sulfur into phosphoric acid which was then used to partially acidulate phosphate rock. The resultant sulfur particles ranged from finely divided (e.g. 38% < 150 m) to moderately fine (81% < 500 m), and the release of sulfate was predictable based on the particle size distribution.Differences between the two experimental sites in uptake of plant sulphate reflected the different pastures grown. At the cool temperate coastal site a ryegrass/clover pasture rapidly took up sulfate as it was released into the topsoil. Inland, in the summer-dry environment, the uptake of released sulfate by the deep-rooted lucerne pasture was delayed for 12–18 months, indicating that the sulfate uptake increased after the nutrient had leached beyond the surface soil layer.     

我国硫肥工业现状与发展趋势

阐述我国硫肥品种及硫肥表观消费量,介绍我国硫肥产品结构：过磷酸钙是最主要的硫肥产品,其次为硫基复合肥、硫酸铵.预测我国硫肥的发展趋势：过磷酸钙、硫基复合肥产量趋于稳定,硫酸铵产量将有大幅度增长.     

增效过磷酸钙肥料的生产及其对钙的缓释作用

以过磷酸钙(SSP)为主要原料,氨化中和后转鼓造粒,在包膜油和包膜粉中添加植物生长调节剂和生物菌剂,进行包膜生产增效过磷酸钙肥料,并对其进行水培及土柱淋溶实验。结果表明,增效肥料在水中的初期(前3 d)溶出率(35.17%±0.41%)显著优于过磷酸钙(33.01%±0.79%),增效肥料的钙累积溶出率(51.22%±0.10%)显著高于过磷酸钙(48.62%±1.57%)。淋溶实验表明,增效肥料包膜后,对钙的初期释放可以起到缓释作用,其中第1天达到了显著水平,包膜前为(19.14%±0.53%),包膜后为(15.20%±1.11%)。缓释增效过磷酸钙肥料可以改善过磷酸钙的理化性质。     

硝铵系掺混肥研制中的问题与对策

开发以粒状硝铵为氮源的普钙、氯化钾掺混肥，并在包装过程中采取排气措施，减少袋内空气和物料的流动，减少了掺混后的分层。     

Evaluation of two rock phosphates and a calcined rock phosphate as maintenance fertilizers for crop — pasture rotations in Western Australia

Two long-term (11 and 12 y) field experiments in south-western Australia are described that measured the relative effectiveness of three rock phosphate fertilizers (C-grade ore, Calciphos and Queensland (Duchess) rock phosphate), single, double and triple superphosphate. The experiments were on established subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) — based pasture that had received large, yearly, applications of single superphosphate for many years before the experiments began so that in the first year the nil phosphorus (P) treatment produced 80 to 90% of the maximum yield. The experiments were conducted using a rotation of one year cereal crop (oats,Avena sativa at one site, and barley,Hordeum vulgare, at the other): 2 y pasture, a typical rotation on farms in the region. Five levels of each P fertilizer were applied every third year with the crop. Grain yield of cereals, P content of grain, pasture yield, and bicarbonate-soluble P extracted from the soil (available P) were used to estimate fertilizer effectiveness values.The three superphosphate fertilizers had identical values of fertilizer effectiveness. Superphosphate was always the most effective fertilizer for producing grain. The rock phosphate fertilizers were one-seventh to one-half as effective per kg P as superphosphate when assessed on the yield or P content (P concentration × yield) of grain within each cropping year. Bicarbonate-extractable soil P values demonstrated that superphosphate was two to fifteen times as effective as the rock phosphate fertilizers. The relationship between grain yield and P content in grain (i.e. the internal efficiency of P use curve) was similar for the different P fertilizers. Thus for all P fertilizers yield was not limited by other factors as it varied solely in response to the P content, which in turn presumably depended on the P supply from the fertilizers.The relative agronomic effectiveness of rock phosphates is greater for marginally P deficient soils than for highly P deficient soils but rock phosphate remains less effective than superphosphate. We conclude that the rock phosphates studied should not be substituted for superphosphate as maintenance fertilizers for soils in Western Australia that are marginally deficient in P. This result is consistent with the results of many field experiments on highly P deficient soils in south-western Australia. These have shown that a wide variety of rock phosphate fertilizers are much less effective than superphosphate in both the short and long term.     

利用部分过磷酸钙为磷源喷涂和氨化造粒法生产多品种硫基复合肥的工艺研究

介绍以过磷酸钙或重钙为部分或全部磷源,生产多品种,低、中、高浓度硫基复合肥的工艺原理,流程,设备选型,工艺指标,技术要点。该工艺已在很多工厂实施,运行效果很好。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.