金融脆弱性理论与银行不良贷款的研究发展

我国的金融体系运行主要以间接金融为主，银行在整个金融体系中占有很大的比重，金融脆弱性的主要因素是银行不良贷款，所以研究金融脆弱性和银行不良贷款的发展状况有很大的借鉴意义。本文首先介绍了金融脆弱性的概念，然后就关于金融脆弱性理论与银行不良贷款的研究发展做了简要的综述。     

国有银行改革:传统观点和一个全新视角--基于金融脆弱性理论的实证分析

关于国有银行问题的症结,学者们见仁见智,提出了许多不同的观点。本文首先对具有代表性观点进行了分析,然后运用明斯基的金融脆弱性理论,从金融稳定角度对国有银行脆弱性状况进行了综合测度,发现我国国有银行体系异常脆弱。并对其成因进行了量化分析,实证研究没有支持银行治理观、市场结构观、增量改革观和外部冲击假说,也没有支持传统的经济基本面决定观。处于转轨时期的国有银行体系脆弱性可能更多来源于制度层面而不是市场因素、银行行业因素和宏观经济层面。公有产权制度和政府行政金融控制是否是国有银行脆弱性的根源还有待于进一步研究。     

关于我国金融脆弱的若干分析

金融脆弱性与金融脆弱在涵义上并不相同。金融脆弱性是一种本性，也是以银行为代表的金融中介的共性，而金融脆弱是一种状态，是不同时期、不同地区的金融中介脆弱的个性表现。我国金融脆弱的生成机制包括体制转型、金融自由化、金融开放等方面原因。解决我国金融脆弱问题需要从存量和增量两方面对金融风险进行防范和化解。     

金融监管、最后贷款人与存款保险相关制度安排

银行内在脆弱性是其风险产生的根源,而中国国有银行脆弱性是一种体制脆弱,是由既有的制度安排及合约关系所决定的。制度安排与合约关系不同,国有银行脆弱性的程度就不同。本文基于存款保险视角,主要从金融安全网制度缺损探寻国有银行脆弱性。完善金融安全网相关制度安排包括:金融监管、最后贷款人与存款保险相关制度等。     

美国金融体系脆弱性的测度与分析

本文在金融脆弱性理论的基础上,运用因子分析法,构建适合美国金融体系和次贷危机特点的金融脆弱性测度模型,认为美国金融体系脆弱性主要是由宏观经济与金融市场、国际收支、金融监控和银行安全这四个主因子决定的.通过研究得出如下结论:2000年以来美国金融体系脆弱性指数呈现先降后升的趋势,最低点出现在2002年,随后逐年攀升;2008-2009年是次贷危机集中爆发和蔓延的时期,美国金融体系的脆弱性仍有上行的趋势.     

MINSKY金融不稳定假说的数理分析

海曼·明斯基(HymanP.Minsky)是当代研究金融不稳定性的权威。他认为金融不稳定性主要就是由于企业债务引起的,并依照企业的还贷情况对企业进行了分类。本文在总结前人的基础上,构建了一个后凯恩斯主义模型,对明斯基分类法进行了数理分析,并对金融脆弱性及银行坏帐做了一个简单的讨论。     

从东亚银行危机看我国银行经营风险及防范

银行问题被认为是本次亚洲金融危机的主要原因。不良资产过多，政府对银行的过多干预和保护，银行业普遍存在的道德风险及缺乏风险管理，金融自由化过程中对银行监管能力的弱化以及银行体制的封闭性等，构成了亚洲银行体系的脆弱性，促使国际投机家对这些国家货币进行狙击，结果引发金融危机。比较分析东亚与中国银行体系的经营风险，吸取此次危机的教训，对促进我国银行业体制改革，化解银行经营风险具有十分重要的意义。一、我国银行业经营风险的分析１、商业银行经营的信用业务是一种负债率相当高的经营业务。据中国人民银行季报统计，１…     

国有商业银行体系脆弱性的实证研究

国有商业银行是我国金融体系的主体,其稳健与否事关我国金融稳定和金融发展。本文以我国四大国有商业银行的脆弱性问题为研究对象,结合我国银行体系的特点,在理论分析的基础上运用Logit模型对影响我国国有银行经营稳健性的宏、微观因素进行实证检验,并根据检验结果提出相应的政策建议。     

关于塑造地方商业银行声誉的几点建议

商业银行的金融脆弱性与生俱来,金融危机与银行倒闭是金融经济发展过程中不可避免的经济现象从世界范围看,除了宏观经济恶化、金融监管缺乏导致银行倒闭外,商业银行企业文化缺位引发其声誉急剧下滑、道德风险加剧也能够引发银行危机。从银行诞生     

金融素养是否降低了家庭金融脆弱性?

金融素养对家庭金融脆弱性的影响具有不确定性,既可能通过增加家庭的资产和收入,降低家庭金融脆弱性;也可能通过增加家庭的负债与支出,提升家庭金融脆弱性。本文首先从金融知识、金融行为、金融态度三个维度测算金融素养,再基于"资不抵债"、"入不敷出"两个维度量化家庭金融脆弱性,最后构建实证模型,以CFPS（2014）为样本,量化分析金融素养对家庭金融脆弱性的影响。实证研究表明：金融素养的增加显著降低家庭金融脆弱性及"资不抵债"的概率;在金融素养的三个维度中,金融知识降低金融脆弱性、缓解资不抵债的作用更为显著。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

The Transfer of Property Rights from the Public to the Private Sector in Hong Kong: A Critical Assessment

Abstract

The privatization idea may have lost some of its luster in recent years, but it remains relevant in today's socio-economic environment and is pursued consistently in industrialized and industrializing countries alike. Hong Kong has followed the general pattern in a manner reflecting its particular circumstances and its institutional modus operandi. The underlying logic may not appear highly compelling, from a short-term perspective, yet there are sound grounds for approaching the task positively, if viewed from a multi-year standpoint. Rather surprisingly, for such a quintessentially capitalist society, Hong Kong has not confronted the privatization challenge astutely on the political front and has handled it somewhat mechanically in managerial terms. The benefits to the community may have thus been more modest than one could legitimately expect, given the historical backdrop.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.     

Thinking regionally: Aviation and development implications in the Karoo region,South Africa

This study focuses on regional economic development in South Africa, across provincial political jurisdictions. The article argues that remote hinterlands can be more usefully understood as forming an integrated whole, rather than functioning as the poor rural cousins of their provincial metropoles. This article considers three propositions: that key transport projects (such as airports) may unlock regional development; that this may stimulate regional spatial integration; and that this may spur the South African government to address its weak regional planning system. All three propositions are speculative, drawn from the international literature, but they contribute to an argument for greater spatial coherence in South African planning in rural regions. The argument is illustrated with reference to the Karoo region of South Africa, and the potential of a new airport to impact on regional economic dynamics. Furthermore, the article argues that such impacts will require new regional planning systems, which are currently absent from the South African political system.