腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术

直肠癌是常见恶性肿瘤,随着人们对生活质量要求的不断提高,低位直肠癌病人手术愿望从原来的强烈保肛转向理性。从事腹腔镜结肠直肠手术的医师也客观地看待腹腔镜与开腹间的关系,选择合     

高频电凝切割和超声刀在腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中应用的对比研究

随着人们对腹腔镜下直肠解剖认识的不断加深和技术的充分掌握,腹腔镜直肠癌手术已经成为较成熟的手术方式。目前,腹腔镜直肠癌手术大多依赖超声刀对组织进行解剖和分离,但超声刀主机价格昂贵,而且手术刀头容易损坏,明显增加了手术成本。为降低医疗费用,我们参照文献,将常规高频电凝切割应川于腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术,并同应用超声刀的手术进行对比,临床效果满意。     

三联合腹腔镜手术在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜、手助和开放相结合的三联合腹腔镜手术(three united laparoscopic surgery,TULS)在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾2015年6月～2018年6月河北医科大学第二医院43例低位直肠癌保肛手术资料,由患者选择术式,其中TULS 22例,腹腔镜辅助21例.TULS...     

腹腔镜技术在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

微创外科是未来外科学的一个重要发展方向,近年来有了长足的发展并取得了丰硕的成果。在结直肠外科领域,从1992年Kockerling首次成功运用腹腔镜技术完成第1例直肠癌根治术以来,大宗前瞻性对比研究已证实,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与开腹手术的复发率及长期生存率无明显差异,而安全性、降低术后并发症等方面优于传统术式。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的近期临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析186例低位直肠癌保肛手术患者的临床资料,其中行腹腔镜手术患者115例,行传统开腹手术患者71例。结果〓腹腔镜组手术时间长于传统开腹组;腹腔镜组术中出血量、术后住院时间低于传统开腹组;术后肛门自动排气时间、流质饮食进食时间、固体饮食进食时间短于传统开腹组;术后30天内胃肠道功能障碍(腹泻、便秘等)发生率及肠梗阻发生率无统计学差异。结论〓腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术与传统开腹组相比更有利于减少术中出血量,术后胃肠功能恢复较快,同时更容易实施和满足快速康复理念的要求。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的评价

流行病学资料显示我国大肠癌的发病部位正逐渐从直肠趋向于近侧大肠,但直肠癌,特别是中低位直肠癌仍然在我国大肠癌的发病中占了主要比例。据文献[1]报道,虽然结肠癌在大肠癌中所占比重在近年来有增高趋势,但直肠癌仍占有约     

直肠癌腹腔镜下保肛手术效果观察

目的观察腹腔镜下保肛手术治疗直肠癌的效果。方法选取接受保肛手术的164直肠癌患者作为观察对象。观察组84例实施腹腔镜下手术,对照组80例采用开腹手术。对比分析2组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症发生率及住院时间均少于对照组,2组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者术后1、3 a存活率、复发与转移率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在严格掌握手术适应证前提下,腹腔镜下行保肛手术治疗直肠癌创伤小、远期效果满意。     

腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术的学习曲线研究

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术学习曲线及其对术后并发症及肿瘤根治效果的影响。 方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2014年12月火箭军特色医学中心肛肠外科由同一组具有丰富开腹手术经验医师完成的208例腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料。采用移动平均法绘制手术时间曲线,并定义曲线达到稳定状态所对应的手术例数为学习曲线。根据学习曲线,将患者分为A组(学习曲线阶段组)和B组(熟练阶段组);分别比较两组患者的一般临床资料、术后并发症及切除标本的病理结果。 结果手术时间的移动平均曲线在手术例数达到80例时,进入稳定状态,将患者分为A组(第1~80例)和B组(第81~208例)。B组的肿瘤距肛门平均距离低于A组(P<0.05);B组合并呼吸系统疾病和接受直肠癌经括约肌间切除术的比例高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的手术时间、术中出血量较A组减少(P<0.05)。两组总的术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但B组的术后尿潴留发生率显著低于A组(P<0.05)。两组术后标本病理检查结果中远端切缘均为阴性;两组淋巴结检出数目和环周切缘阳性比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论具有丰富开腹经验的外科医师在其腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术学习曲线阶段,可以保证良好的肿瘤根治效果;但应关注可能发生的术后排尿功能障碍。     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术58例报道

目的 探讨腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术的可行性.方法 回顾性总结2004年9月至2007年10月期间行腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术58例患者的临床资料.结果 54例在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,中转开腹4例,无手术死亡病例.平均手术时间187 min,术中平均失血110 ml,术后肛门排气时间平均为2.3 d.手术切除淋巴结平均为18.5个; 随访6～42个月(平均17.6个月)未见切口种植及吻合口复发.结论 腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,可以取得比开腹手术更好的根治效果.     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术要点的再认识

腹腔镜技术的兴起已有20余年,如今融合了3D成像技术后,腹腔镜的微创优势被进一步放大。腹腔镜在直肠癌手术中的应用也得到广泛认可,特别是在超低位直肠癌手术中,高清的视野帮助外科医生充分了解了盆腔内的神经、筋膜等结构,让我们认识到超低位直肠癌保肛手术不仅仅要保留肛门的外形,更要注重功能的保护,这也对外科医生的手术技术提出了更高的要求。笔者结合自身经验及体会,从血管的处理、直肠后方的游离、盆腔植物神经的保护及肛门内外括约肌间沟的处理等方面对腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的一些关键技术要点进行再思考和再认识,以期在推动治疗规范化的同时,可以使更多的超低位直肠癌患者从中获益。     

腹腔镜与开腹TME保肛术治疗中低位直肠癌的对照研究

目的 评价腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除(TME)保肛术治疗中低位直肠癌的可行性、安全性和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2008年2月-2010年6月由同一组手术医师完成的37例腹腔镜TME与45例开腹手术保肛治疗中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,比较两组的手术情况、并发症及近期疗效.结果 腹腔镜组术中失血量(60.6±20.9) mL、术后肠功能恢复时间(3.3±0.6)d、住院时间(9.2±2.8)d、吻合口瘘等并发症发病率(8.1％)均小于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腹腔镜组和开腹组肿瘤下切缘长度(5.1±2.3vs4.3±2.0)cm、淋巴结清扫数(14.5±7.1vs15.1±5.6)枚,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),腹腔镜组和开腹组保肛率分别为(91.9％ vs 73.3％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后随访6 ～ 36个月,腹腔镜组和开腹组患者复发率和总生存率分别是10.8％和11.1％、94.6％和91.1％,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜TME保肛手术治疗中低位直肠癌是一种安全的术式,肿瘤根治效果与开腹手术相当,且提高了保肛率,并发症的发病率低,术后恢复情况优于开腹手术,值得临床推广应用.     

Laparoscopic rectal resection with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer

Background Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the surgical gold standard treatment for middle and low third rectal carcinoma. Laparoscopy has gradually become accepted for the treatment of colorectal malignancy after a long period of questions regarding its safety. The purposes of this study were to examine prospectively our experience with laparoscopic TME and high rectal resections, to evaluate the surgical outcomes and oncologic adequacy, and to discuss the role of this procedure in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods Between December 1992 and December 2004, all patients who underwent elective laparoscopic sphincter preserving rectal resection for rectal cancer were enrolled prospectively in this study. Data collection included preoperative, operative, postoperative and oncologic results with long-term follow-up. Results A total of 218 patients were operated on during the study period: 142 patients underwent laparoscopic TME and 76 patients underwent anterior resection. Of the TME patients, 122 patients were operated using the double-stapling technique, and 20 patients underwent colo-anal anastomosis with hand-sewn sutures. Mean operative time was 138 min (range, 107–205), and mean blood loss was 120 ml (range, 30–350). Conversion to open surgery occurred in 26 cases (12%). Mortality rate during the first 30 days was 1%. Anastomotic leaks were observed in 10.5% of the patients. Of these, 61.9% needed reoperation and diverting stoma, and the rest were treated conservatively. Three patients had postoperative bleeding requiring relaparoscopy. Other minor complications (infection and urinary retention) occurred in 9.1% of patients. Mean ambulation time and mean hospital stay were 1.6 days (range, 1–5) and 6.4 days (range, 3–28) , respectively. Patients were followed for a mean period of 57 months. No port site metastases were observed during follow-up. The recurrence rate was 6.8 %. Overall survival rate was 67% after 5 years and 53.5% after 10 years. Conclusion Laparoscopic anterior resection and TME with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer is feasible and safe. The short- and long-term outcomes reported in this series are comparable with those of conventional surgery.     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中吻合器的应用

目的探讨吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2004年11月至2009年8月256例直肠癌应用全直肠系膜切除联合吻合器行低位直肠前切除的临床资料。结果本组无死亡病例,无生殖功能障碍;发生吻合口漏2例,出现排尿功能障碍6例。结论全直肠系膜切除联合吻合器的应用可保持盆腔脏器功能,是治疗低位直肠癌的有效方法。     

腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除对机体免疫功能的影响

目的比较经腹腔镜和开腹行直肠癌全直肠系膜切除保留肛门手术对患者免疫功能的影响。方法将 37例行直肠癌全直肠系膜切除保肛术患者分为开腹组 (n =2 1)和腹腔镜组 (n =16 ) ,于术前 1天、术后第 1天、术后第 5天检测血清IL 2、IL 6、TNFα值。术前 1天和术后第 5天检测全血CD3 CD5 6 T细胞和CD3-CD5 6 NK细胞的百分比 ,血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA值。IL 2、IL 6、TNFα值的检测用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA) ,Ig的测定用免疫散射比浊法 ,CD3 CD5 6 T细胞和CD3-CD5 6 NK细胞用流式细胞仪进行检测。结果两组手术对CD3 CD5 6 T细胞、CD3-CD5 6 NK细胞、IL 2、IL 6、TNFα和免疫球蛋白的影响差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术对患者免疫功能的影响差异无显著性意义。     

直肠癌保留肛门括约肌手术适应证的选择及预后分析

目的探讨直肠癌保留肛门括约肌(sphincterpreservationoperation,SPO)手术选择标准,分析影响直肠癌保肛术适应证选择的因素。方法回顾性分析1994年4月至2004年4月间,手术治疗708例直肠癌患者的临床资料,对SPO术与经腹会阴切除手术(abdominoperinealresection,APR)两组患者的临床病理指标和生存率进行统计学比较。结果本组直肠乙状结肠交界段癌66例;直肠上段癌138例;直肠中段癌195例;直肠下段癌309例。APR术227例;SPO手术481例,其中Dixon手术449例,拖出保肛手术12例,“J”Poch20例。SPO和APR术两组患者在性别、年龄、肝脏转移、肿瘤长径、浸润深度、Dukes分期等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在有无合并低位肠梗阻、癌肿部位、组织学分化程度、侵犯周径、淋巴结转移及根治程度方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。全组根治性切除660例(93.2%)。SPO术保肛率66.7%(311/481),其中低位直肠癌43.7%(135/309)。手术死亡率0.4%(3/708);术后局部复发率5.5%(39/708)。SPO组中位生存时间(65.0±6.9)个月,5年生存率59.3%;APR组中位生存时间(42.2±5.6)个月,5年生存率42.3%;两组比较P<0.01。结论直肠癌患者在确保根治前提下应首选SPO术,低位直肠癌患者根据肿瘤部位、分化程度、淋巴结转移状况及手术者经验选择SPO适应证应是可行的。     

Surgical treatment of lower rectal cancer with sphincter preservation using handsewn coloanal anastomosis

The present study was designed to evaluate the technical feasibility and oncologic results of performing handsewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA). A total of 46 patients treated for lower rectal cancer using CAA were retrospectively studied, and the oncologic results were compared with those of 105 patients treated with abdominoperineal resection (APR). CAA was performed in patients who had both good mobility of the tumor and a distal clearance margin of more than 1.0 cm. No significant difference was noted in the mortality rates following the two operations (CAA 2.2% vs APR 1.9%). Pelvic recurrence was detected in two patients (4.5%) after CAA and in six patients (7.2%) after APR. The 5-year survival rate after CAA was 79.2% and that after APR was 72.6%. No significant difference was noted in the incidence of pelvic recurrence or the survival rates between the two operations. These results show that CAA could be an excellent reconstructive option in the treatment of lower rectal carcinoma for selected patients.     

Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation for low rectal cancer

Background The Laparoscopic approach has been applied to colorectal surgery for many years; however, there are only a few reports on laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resection with construction of coloanal anastomosis. This study compares open versus laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resections, assesses the feasibility and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach of total mesorectal excision (TME) with anal sphincter preservation (ASP), and analyzes the short-term results of patients with low rectal cancer.Methods We analyzed our experience via a prospective, randomized control trail. From June 2001 to September 2002, 171 patients with low rectal cancer underwent TME with ASP, 82 by the laparoscopic procedure and 89 by the open technique. The lowest margin of tumors was below peritoneal reflection and 1.5–8 cm above the dentate line (1.5–4.9 cm in 104 cases and 5–8 cm in 67 cases). The grouping was randomized.Results Results of operation, postoperative recovery, and short-term oncological follow-up were compared between 82 laparoscopic procedures and 89 controls who underwent open surgery during the same period. In the laparoscopic group, 30 patients in whom low anterior resection was performed had the anastomosis below peritoneal reflection and more than 2 cm above the dentate line, 27 patients in whom ultralow anterior resection was performed had anastomotic height within 2 cm of the dentate line, and 25 patients in whom coloanal anastomosis was performed had the anastomosis at or below the dentate line. In the open group, the numbers were 35, 27, and 27, respectively. There was no statistical difference in operation time, administration of parenteral analgesics, start of food intake, and mortality rate between the two groups. However, blood loss was less, bowel function recovered earlier, and hospitalization time was shorter in the laparoscopic group.Conclusion Totally laparoscopic TME with ASP is feasible, and it is a minimally invasive technique with the benefits of much less blood loss during operation, earlier return of bowel function, and shorter hospitalization.     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)行低位(超低位)直肠癌保肛治疗的方法与可行性。方法:按TME原则,用双吻合器技术在腹腔镜下对26例低位(超低位)直肠癌患者实行TME低位(超低位)结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180-240min,平均210min;术中出血30-100ml,平均70ml;术后2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院7-14d,平均8d,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜TME低位(超低位)吻合术保肛治疗低位直肠癌具有创伤小、并发症少、出血少、肠功能恢复快等优点,安全可行。     

肛外手工吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的 探讨肛外手工吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用价值.方法 应用超声刀在腹腔镜下对15例低位直肠癌患者实施全直肠系膜切除原则的根治性手术,用肛外手工吻合的方式完成超低位结肠-直肠/肛管吻合术.结果 15例患者手术经过均顺利,无中转开腹.术后发生吻合口瘘1例,无腹腔出血、感染、吻合口狭窄等并发症.手术时间125～270 min,平均156 min.术中出血30～180 ml,平均70 ml.住院时间9～14 d,平均11 d.15例术后随访2～37个月,平均14个月.术后局部无复发,远处肝转移1例.结论 低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下超低位切除、肛外手工吻合保肛术是一种安全、经济、创伤小、疗效可靠的术式.     

Hospital variation in sphincter preservation for elderly rectal cancer patients

Background

The primary goal of an operation for rectal cancer is to cure cancer and, where possible, preserve continence. A wide range of sphincter preservation rates have been reported. This study evaluated hospital variation in the use of low anterior resection (LAR), local excision (LE), and abdominoperineal resection (APR) in the treatment of elderly rectal cancer patients.

Methods

Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data, we identified 4959 patients older than 65 y with stage I–III rectal cancer diagnosed from 2000–2005 who underwent operative intervention at one of 370 hospitals. We evaluated the distribution of hospital-specific procedure rates and used generalized mixed models with random hospital effects to examine the influence of patient characteristics and hospital on operation type, using APR as a reference.

Results

The median hospital performed APR on 33% of elderly patients with rectal cancer. Hospital was a stronger predictor of LAR receipt than any patient characteristic, explaining 32% of procedure choice, but not a strong predictor of LE, explaining only 3.8%. Receipt of LE was primarily related to tumor size and tumor stage, which combined explained 31% of procedure variation.

Conclusions

Receipt of LE is primarily determined by patient characteristics. In contrast, the hospital where surgery is performed significantly influences whether a patient undergoes an LAR or APR. Understanding the factors that cause this institutional variation is crucial to ensuring equitable availability of sphincter preservation.