基于碳纳米材料的无酶电化学传感器同时检测抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸

人体中抗坏血酸（AA）、多巴胺（DA）和尿酸（UA）的浓度失调可能导致一系列疾病,如癌症、老年痴呆症、高尿酸血症等,而且这三个物种通常共存于体液中,有接近的氧化还原电位,因此实现三者的同时检测,既具有一定的难度,又具有极其重要的现实意义。近年来用于同时检测AA、DA和UA的电化学传感器取得了令人瞩目的进展,其中碳材料因其成本低廉、导电性好、稳定性好、比表面积大等特点逐渐引起人们的广泛关注。本文综述了基于碳材料构筑的检测AA、DA和UA的无酶电化学传感器的研究进展,对此类电化学传感器的今后发展做了展望。     

碳量子点增敏的葡萄糖分子印迹电化学传感器

以3-氨基苯硼酸为功能单体,葡萄糖为模板分子,在碳量子点和壳聚糖修饰的玻碳电极表面电聚合生成分子印迹聚合物膜,构建了无酶分子印迹电化学传感器,用于葡萄糖的高灵敏测定。采用循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究传感器的电化学特性及分析特性。在最优条件下,DPV电流响应的变化值与葡萄糖浓度在0.1～1.0μmol/L和1.0～300μmol/L范围内分别呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程分别为ΔI_p(μA)=3.792+23.41C (R²=0.9968)和ΔI_p(μA)=28.18+0.1316C (R2=0.9914),检出限为0.034μmol/L (3σ/k)。将此传感器应用于体液中葡萄糖的测定,回收率为95.1%～106.8%。     

基于新型多孔TiO2复合CdS量子点的电化学发光传感器用于检测铜离子

以金属有机骨架MIL-125(Ti)作为前驱体,通过高温煅烧制备了一种新型多孔二氧化钛(P-TiO2),然后以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为交联剂,通过酰胺键将3-巯基丙酸稳定的硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)负载于P-TiO2表面,制备了P-TiO2/CdS QDs复合材料,用于修饰玻碳电极,构建了一种灵敏的电化学发光(EC...     

基于石墨烯和室温离子液体复合物溶胶修饰的玻碳电极制备尿酸电化学传感器

将石墨烯(GN)与室温离子液体(IL)1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIMPF6),以适当比例研磨成胶状IL-GN,修饰在玻碳电极(GC)上制备了IL-GN/GC。利用原子力显微镜AFM表征IL-GN的形成。由于石墨烯和室温离子液体的协同作用,该电极显示了对H2O2良好的催化性能,基于尿酸氧化酶将之制备成生物传感器,用于尿酸(UA)直接电化学检测,并进行了传感器的抗干扰性能及实际血样中尿酸的检测实验。结果表明,此传感器检测尿酸的线性范围为0.002~4.5 mmol/L,相关系数为0.995,检出限为0.85μmol/L,响应时间为10 s。此传感器制备简便,稳定性好,抗干扰能力强,可用于实际血清中尿酸的检测,为尿酸的测定提供了新方法。     

基于碳点可视化传感器的研究进展

光学传感器因其卓越的选择性、灵敏度、稳定性和经济性等优点一直受到科学家的关注.碳点(CDs)是由大量天然和人工碳源材料通过多种方法合成的,可以通过掺杂进行化学调谐来实现所需的传感特性.许多基于CDs的可视化传感器已被报道,可用于高选择性、高灵敏度地检测多种离子和分子,并为现场快速检测设备提供了理论基础.本文综述了碳点作为可视化传感器的传感机理及应用,并探讨了其在公共安全分析领域中的应用潜能.     

基于Au@N-CDs纳米复合材料电化学传感器检测左氧氟沙星北大核心CSCD

本文以富氮生物物质为前驱体合成氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs),调控反应时混合溶液pH值,协同发挥N-CDs还原性和稳定性效应,还原HAuCl_(4)生成并稳定Au纳米粒子(AuNPs),以水浴孵化法制备Au@N-CDs纳米复合材料。基于AuNPs良好电催化能力,N-CDs高比表面积和对左氧氟沙星(LEV)亲合力,提高玻碳电极(GCE)对LEV检测的选择性和灵敏度。在pH=6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,于电位0.4V下富集125s,Au@N-CDs/GCE可在利福平、罗红霉素、红霉素等抗生素共存情况下选择性检测LEV,检出限和线性范围分别为1.0×10^(-6) mol/L和2.5×10^(-6)~1.0×10^(-4) mol/L。该法成功应用于人体尿样中LEV测定,回收率为93.0%~107.4%,相对标准偏差为2.98%。     

电化学方法在荧光碳点研究中的应用

作为以碳为骨架结构的新型纳米材料,碳点具有许多优良的性能,如发射波长可调、良好的光稳定性、抗光漂白、良好的水溶性以及易于生物偶联等. 正是因为这些优点,碳点和其它碳质纳米材料（富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯）一样受到了广泛的关注. 电化学方法制备碳点具有条件温和、费用低廉、后处理简单等特点. 另外,电化学方法在材料的表面结构分析以及发光机理的研究中也有其独特的优势. 本文即就电化学方法在荧光碳点的制备以及发光机理探讨中的应用作了综述,并简略介绍了碳点在传感器中的应用,提出了优化电化学方法制备碳点的某些设想.     

基于石墨烯修饰的铜离子印迹电化学传感器研制与应用

以铜离子为模板离子,多巴胺为功能单体,采用电聚合法在石墨烯修饰碳电极表面成功制备对铜离子有高选择性和高灵敏性的印迹电化学传感器。采用差分脉冲伏安法和循环伏安法对该印迹传感器的电化学行为进行详细研究。优化检测条件,该印迹电化学传感器的响应电流与铜离子浓度的负对数在5×10_-6~5×10_-11 mol/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限为1.0 × 10_-11mol/L。该印迹电化学传感器成功用于实际水样中的微量铜离子分析。     

An Inexpensive Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination in Human Serum by Flow‐Injection Analysis

An inexpensive and easy to construct miniaturized biosensor is described for the determination of uric acid in biological fluids. The amperometric biosensor was prepared by using a carbon paste electrode prepared with uricase from Arthrobacter globiforms and tetracyanoquinodimethane as electron transfer mediator. When incorporated into a flow‐injection system it was enabled to perform 50 measurements/h of uric acid in the analytical range of 1–100 μmol dm^?3 with a relative standard deviation of 0.20% (n=14). The system was applied to human serum samples analysis providing good data correlation with those obtained by the reference spectrophotometric method. A linear relationship AM (μmol dm^?3)=1.02 (±0.05) SP (μmol dm^?3) ?0.12 (±0.13) was obtained evidencing the absence of significant error. The constructed biosensor was successfully used for at least four months (250 assays) with only a 13% of decrease in the enzymatic activity.     

Electrodeposited Cu‐Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Uric Acid Electrochemical Biosensor with Quick Response

A uric acid (UA) electrochemical biosensor based on the Cu‐Au alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and uricase was developed. The electrodeposition technique of Cu‐Au alloy NPs was selected to be a convenient potentiostatic method at –0.8 V in a single solution containing both Au(III) and Cu²⁺. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy proved the successful deposition of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. EIS demonstrated the good conductivity of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. The enzyme was immobilized on the surface of Cu‐Au alloy NPs modified electrode by casting with chitosan solution. The ultimate biosensor showed linear amperometric response towards UA in the concentration range of 3.0 to 26.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.8 μM. The main feature of the biosensor was its short response time, which was attributed to the good conductivity of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. Furthermore, the biosensor could avoid the interference of ascorbic acid and oxygen.     

Determination of Ascorbic Acid in the Presence of Uric Acid and Folic Acid by a Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Based on a TiO2 Nanoparticle Carbon Paste Electrode

A carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with novel hydroquinone/TiO₂ nanoparticles, was designed and used for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) and folic acid (FA). The magnitude of the peak current for modified TiO₂-nanoparticle CPE (MTNCPE) increased sharply in the presence of ascorbic acid and was proportional to its concentration. A dynamic range of 1.0–1400.0 μM, with the detection limit of 6.4 × 10^?7 M for AA, was obtained using the DPV technique (pH = 7.0). The prepared electrode was successfully applied for the determination of AA, UA, and FA in real samples.     

基于镍丝负载氧化镍纳米片的尿酸生物传感器

利用水热法与高温热处理相结合, 在金属镍丝表面制备了氧化镍纳米片, 这些纳米片相互交错, 均匀覆盖于镍丝表面, 其宽度约为数百纳米, 厚度约10 nm. 将镍丝负载氧化镍纳米片吸附固定尿酸氧化酶后, 得到尿酸生物传感器电极, 该电极显示出优异的电化学性能, 其灵敏度达到821.4 μA/(mmol·cm²), 线性检测范围为1~900 μmol/L, 检出限为0.1 μmol/L, 同时具有良好的抗干扰特性. 该尿酸传感器电极易于进行植入式探测或与微流控技术相结合, 为快速、 高灵敏的尿酸检测提供了新途径.     

Electrochemical Detection of Uric Acid in Mixed and Clinical Samples: A Review

The present review has sought to explore the technological advances that have been made in recent years towards the selective analysis of uric acid and critically evaluate how they could, in fact, be exploited as a basis for a multi analyte sensor incorporating uric acid detection. Numerous strategies have evolved in recent years but these have invariably focused on the manufacture and response characterization of discrete sensors. Various methods of obtaining selective detection such as use of uricase enzymes, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymers, conducting polymers and MIPs are also discussed along with the clinical relevance of UA determination.     

Electrochemical Sensing of Uric Acid Using Glassy Carbon Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polyethylenimine

This work reports the advantages of using glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in polyethylenimine (PEI). The presence of MWCNTs wrapped by PEI largely facilitated the strong adsorption of uric acid (UA) and allowed its highly sensitive and selective quantification even in the presence of high excess of ascorbic acid. The selected conditions for the electrochemical sensing were 5 s accumulation at ?0.300 V under stirring and quantification in a 0.050 M phosphate buffer solution pH 7.40 by differential pulse voltammetry adsorptive‐stripping after medium exchange. The platform allowed the successful application in the quantification of UA in urine.     

聚咪唑/氮化碳新型纳米复合材料修饰电极对尿酸、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤的同时检测

以三聚氰胺为原料, 采用热聚合法合成了类石墨烯状二维片状氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)纳米材料; 通过电沉积和高电位氧化的方法制得氧化聚咪唑(PImox)/g-C₃N₄修饰电极(PImox/g-C₃N₄/GCE). 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对g-C₃N₄纳米材料进行了表征; 通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了尿酸(UA)、 黄嘌呤(XA)和次黄嘌呤(HX)在该电极上的电化学行为. 结果表明, UA, XA和HX的检测线性范围分别为2.0~216.0, 5.0~542.0和5.0~778.0 μmol/L; 检出限分别为0.17, 0.30和0.30 μmol/L. 将该修饰电极用于实际样品(血清和尿液)中UA, XA和HX的同时测定, 加标回收率为98.4%~105.2%.     

基于石墨烯功能复合材料的DNA电化学生物传感器

石墨烯(Gr)是一类由单层碳原子组成的二维碳质材料,利用它独特的结构和良好的物理、化学性能,可构筑出在电催化、电化学传感器和生物传感器等领域有着巨大应用潜力的新型Gr功能复合材料。基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器与常规DNA传感器相比,具有明显的特色和优势,已被应用于特异DNA靶序列的识别和传感领域。本文就基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器的近期进展作简要评述,包括Gr与Gr基金属、金属氧化物、高分子、生物分子复合材料的电化学性能及其在DNA电化学传感中的应用,并对该类DNA电化学传感器的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

碳纤维微电极伏安法测定动物脑内5-羟吲哚乙酸、尿酸和高香草酸

目前,将微电极植入动物脑内,采用伏安法连续监测神经递质已被公认是最有效的在体测定方法。碳纤维电极已成为活体分析中使用的主要电极,为提高其灵敏度和分辨率,电极在使用前必须经过特殊的预处理。我们曾提出一种简单的恒电位处理方法,电极处理后