发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定技术的研究

对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离、纯化以及鉴定技术进行了研究,结果从发酵香肠、腊肠、火腿中分离筛选得到2株德氏乳杆菌,并建立了一套发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定方法.     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌分离鉴定技术的研究

对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离、纯化以及鉴定技术进行了研究,结果从发酵香肠、腊肠、火腿中分离筛选得到2株德氏乳杆菌,并建立了一套发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定方法。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及菌种性能的研究

从自然发酵肉制品中分离乳酸菌并对其进行生化试验鉴定,对得到的乳酸菌进行了耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐、产酸能力、生长曲线及抑菌试验。通过分离和鉴定得到5株乳酸菌,3株为乳酸杆菌,2株为乳酸球菌;它们对食盐、亚硝酸盐均具有较好的耐受性,在6％的NaCl、80kg／mg-150kg／mgNaNO2溶液中能生长;对蛋白质,脂肪无分解作用。乳酸杆菌和乳酸球菌对大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,且杆菌的抑制作用大于球菌;乳酸杆菌与乳酸球菌的生长曲线和产酸特性不同,杆菌比球菌生长快,pH值下降快,所需的发酵时间比球菌短。5株乳酸菌都可作为肉制品的发酵剂。     

自然发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的筛选

为获得适合肉制品发酵的优良乳酸菌菌株,对来源于自然发酵肉制品中的25株乳酸菌进行筛选,其中19株在6 g/100 mL NaCl和150 mg/kg NaNO_2液体培养基中生长较好,结合其他发酵特性实验,13株乳酸菌符合肉制品发酵剂标准,挑选其中3株进行产酸能力、生长曲线及不同温度条件下生长情况的研究。结果表明:3株菌均具有较强的增殖及产酸能力;培养12 h时菌株即进入稳定生长期,培养24 h时培养基pH值降到4左右;在肉制品的发酵温度范围内能较好地生长。经形态学和16S rRNA序列分析,3株菌均为弯曲乳杆菌,它们均可作为潜在的开发肉制品发酵剂的出发菌株。     

分离自传统发酵肉制品乳酸菌的发酵特性研究

对分离自传统发酵肉制品的植物乳杆菌(La04)和米酒乳杆菌(La22)的特性进行了研究。结果表明:两株菌均有良好的生长特性、产酸能力、耐盐能力和抑菌性能,具有分解亚硝酸盐的能力,但无蛋白质分解能力。最适生长温度为32～35℃,最适pH为5.5～7.5,具备作为肉用发酵剂的优良特性。      

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的主要发酵特性

从发酵肉制品中分离、纯化乳酸菌132株,对它们的主要发酵特性如耐盐性、耐硝性、产黏液、产气等进行了测定,并比较了它们在不同培养基中的产酸情况。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离、筛选和鉴定

对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离、纯化以及鉴定技术进行了研究,结果从发酵香肠、腊肠、火腿中分离筛选得到2株德氏乳杆菌,并建立了一套发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定方法.     

发酵肉制品乳酸菌菌种筛选研究

在菌种筛选试验中,Lp、La在6%NaCl、1.50×-4NaNO2下能够存活,两株菌种均无分解蛋白质和脂肪的性质,且有一定共生性。所以,Lp、La可以作为肉制品发酵剂:而St、LB不能作为制品发酵剂。     

发酵肉制品常见乳酸菌的发酵性能研究

选择发酵肉制品中常见的6株乳酸菌,对其发酵性能进行研究,结果表明:6株菌均有较强的耐亚硝酸盐能力,其中植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌能够耐受6%食盐,且无蛋白和脂肪分解能力。发酵乳杆菌产酸能力弱,不能有效控制致病菌的生长,不适合单独作为发酵剂使用。清酒乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌能够有效降低pH值,抑制致病菌的生长,适合发酵肉制品的生产。     

乳酸菌在发酵肉制品中的应用

乳酸菌在肉类工业中的应用越来越广泛，本文就乳酸菌的种类，应用于肉类发酵的乳酸菌的品种、特点、作用及影响其发酵的因素作一简单介绍。     

自然发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的体外降胆固醇特性

为筛选出具有高效降胆固醇作用的乳酸菌,以自然发酵肉制品中分离出的13株乳酸菌为实验对象,采用邻苯二甲醛法对其体外降胆固醇能力进行测定,并对其中2株菌（M12、M23）的作用机理进行初步探讨。结果表明,2株菌均通过同化吸收和共沉淀作用协同降低培养基中的胆固醇;添加0.3 g/100 mL胆盐可极显著增加菌体对胆固醇的去除作用（P＜0.01）,去除率分别为56.05%和58.49%;添加胆固醇和胆盐均可显著提高菌株经超声波处理后的存活率（P＜0.05）,存活率分别为32.09%和37.93%;2株菌的热灭活菌体和休眠菌体也具有一定的胆固醇去除能力,且休眠菌体的去除率高于热灭活菌体。经16S rRNA序列分析,菌株M12为弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus）,菌株M23为戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）。     

Identification of staphylococci and dominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented Swiss meat products using PCR-RFLP

Pathogenic, spoilage, and technologically important microorganisms were monitored in 21 spontaneously fermented Swiss meat products manufactured with meat from wildlife or animals grown in natural habitat. Thereby, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequences provided a powerful tool for fast and accurate identification of the main microbial population. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus dominated in fermented meat products followed by Staphylococcus species, which constituted 88.2% of all Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci (GCC⁺) with cell counts varying from 2.6 to 7.0 log cfu/g during maturation. Staphylococcus equorum was prevalent in frequency and cell counts during maturation (18.0%; 5.0-7.3 log cfu/g) and in the end products (28.4%; 1.8-6.2 log cfu/g) implicating a new presumptive starter species for meat fermentation. Nine out of 14 end products indicated safety risks to consumers due to the high incidence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus or Staphylococcus epidermidis combined with cell counts of 7.4 and 4.9 log cfu/g, respectively. This fact was supported by the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae in ready-to-eat products strongly exceeding the tolerable limit of 2 log cfu/g. Spontaneously fermented meat products produced from wildlife or animals grown in natural habitats not only gave rise to hygienic and safety concerns but also provided new presumptive starter strains.     

四川传统发酵肉中乳酸菌的分离及发酵特性研究

对四川传统发酵肉中乳酸菌进行分离鉴定,并对其发酵特性进行研究。以四川腊肉为研究对象,采用平板划线法对乳酸菌进行分离纯化,利用16S r DNA的序列测定技术对其鉴定,并对分离菌株在不同温度、p H、Na Cl浓度、亚硝酸盐浓度条件下的生长代谢、产酸能力进行研究,并对发酵产物中游离氨基酸进行测定分析。结果表明:筛选出的一株优势乳酸菌经分子生物学鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)。分离菌株对数生长期为6~18 h;最适发酵温度30℃,发酵p H5.5;对Na Cl及Na NO2耐受能力分别高达10%和150 mg/L;其代谢产物中共测出16种游离氨基酸,共包含5种人体必需氨基酸。      

The proteolytic activity of selected lactic acid bacteria in fermenting cow's and camel's milk and the resultant sensory characteristics of the products

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proteolytic activities of 14 strains of lactic acid bacteria and their impact on sensory characteristics of the resultant fermented cow and camel milk. The results showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637 and Lactobacillus fermentum PTCC 1638 had high protease activity and high mean values for sensory quality in fermented cow's and camel's milk. Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058 revealed high protease activity and sensory scores in camel milk. Consequently, milk fermentation using such strains might be recommended for the development of dairy products containing bioactive peptides.     

发酵马肉中乳酸菌的分离筛选研究

从发酵马肉中分离纯化出7株乳酸菌,对它们的主要发酵特性如耐盐、耐硝,产黏液、产气等进行了测定,并比较了它们在不同温度下的生长和产酸情况以及发酵过程中的pH值的变化,发现其中3株乳酸菌具有较好的发酵特性,如生长快、产酸快,能够耐6%NaCl、耐150 mg/kg NaNO2,不产气、不产氨,H2O2实验、H2S实验、V-P反应均为阴性等,符合发酵肉制品生产菌种的要求.     

乳酸菌肉品发酵剂的选择

从发酵肉制品中分离、纯化乳酸菌132株,对它们的主要发酵特性进行了测定,以生产干发酵香肠誓前篓,从中选出4株乳酸菌优选菌株R17、P20、P30和J33。4株菌生长速度有显著差异,温度对其生长速度有显著的影响。其中R17和P20之间没有拮抗关系,可以作为混合发酵剂。P30和J33可以作为单菌发酵剂。     

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria from modified atmosphere packaged sliced cooked meat products at sell-by date assessed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

The predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microbiota associated with three types of modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) sliced cooked meat products (i.e. ham, turkey and chicken) was analyzed at sell-by date using a combination of culturing and molecular population fingerprinting. Likewise routine analyses during industrial MAP production, meat samples were plated on the general heterotrophic Plate Count Agar (PCA) and on the LAB-specific de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) agar under different temperature and atmosphere conditions. Subsequently, community DNA extracts were prepared from culturable bacterial fractions harvested from both media and used for PCR targeting the V3 hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR amplicons (PCR-DGGE). Irrespective of aerobic or anaerobic incubation conditions, V3-16S rDNA DGGE fingerprints of culturable fractions from PCA and MRS medium displayed a high level of similarity indicating that LAB constituted the most dominant group in the culturable bacterial community. Comparison of DGGE profiles of fractions grown at 20, 28 or 37 °C indicated that part of the culturable community consisted of psychrotrophs. Four DGGE bands were common among cooked ham, turkey and chicken products, suggesting that these represent the microbiota circulating in the plant where all three MAP product types were sliced and packaged. Based on band sequencing and band position analysis using LAB reference strains, these four bands could be assigned to Lactobacillus sakei and/or the closely related Lactobacillus fuchuensis, Lactobacillus curvatus, Carnobacterium divergens and Leuconostoc carnosum. In conclusion, the PCR-DGGE approach described in this study allows to discriminate, identify and monitor core and occasional LAB microbiota of MAP sliced cooked meat products and provides valuable complementary information to the current plating procedures routinely used in industrial plants.     

Nitrite tolerance and nitrite reduction in lactic acid bacteria associated with cured meat products

The effect of 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml of nitrite on the growth of isolated and reference strains of lactic acid bacteria associated with cured meat products was studied in broth cultures and the presence of an active nitrite reductase enzyme system in these strains was determined. Half of the 10 reference strains and 16 of 25 isolated strains were resistant to all levels of nitrite tested Strains which did not show a significant decrease in growth rate or cell yield in the presence of 200 μg/ml of nitrite under anaerobic conditions were homofermentative. All heterofermentative strains showed a decrease in growth rate or cell yield or both. Inhibition due to nitrite increased as the concentration increased and was greatest under anaerobic conditions. Enzymatic ability to reduce nitrite was detected in 5 homofermentative and 1 heterofermentative strains. The presence of an active nitrite reductase enzyme system in lactic acid bacteria was not related to their resistance to nitrite.