用脉冲筛板柱净化萃余液中的TBP

在湿法冶金中采用液一液萃取时，萃余水相不可避免地会夹带（或溶解）有机萃取剂，这将给后续工艺带来严重的困难或者污染环境。本文报道了在脉冲筛板柱中，以煤油为洗涤剂可以将萃余水相中的残存有机萃取剂ＴＢＰ降低至小于５６ｒｎｇ／Ｌｏ表明该方法不仅可以用于湿法冶金，还可能用于处理含有机物的废水，以净化环境。     

有机相循环对萃铜性能和萃余液夹带的影响

研究了有机相循环对铜萃取性能和萃余液夹带行为的影响。结果表明,当有机相循环次数从1次增加到10次,萃取分相速率从0.45 mm/s近乎线性地升高到0.61 mm/s,铜萃取率从99.8%线性微降至99.2%。前3次循环中,萃余液表面张力从52.9mN/m降低至41.3 mN/m,萃余液中有机相夹带比例由60%升高到80%,溶解比例相应由40%降低到20%,之后的循环中萃余液表面张力从41.3 mN/m升高到67.9 mN/m,夹带比例降低,溶解比例升高,最终比例接近1∶1。萃余液有机相含量在第3次循环时达到最高,COD值为604 mg/L。萃余液夹带是有机相流失规律的主导因素,对其控制是减少有机相流失的关键。     

矿浆萃取过程中降低萃取剂损耗的研究

采用两种筛板材料，两种连续相操作类型，研究了不同的脉冲频率、脉冲振幅（亦即不同的脉冲强度）、以及水相矿浆流量、液固比、pH值对矿浆萃取过程中降低有机萃取剂损耗的影响。     

伯胺7101萃取分离钒及有机相乳化分析

为了提高钒萃取率和减少萃取过程有机相乳化,研究了伯胺7101萃取分离钛白废液中钒及有机相乳化成因,考察了pH值、振荡强度、萃取时间和O/A比对钒萃取率的影响。结果表明:当伯胺7101和磺化煤油体积比为20%∶80%时,在溶液pH=2.4、相比O/A=1、萃取时间1.5 min和振荡强度105 r/min条件下,钛白废液中钒萃取率达到65%。当溶液pH值大于2.4时,萃取过程中有机相的乳化会极大地阻碍钒萃取,Fe~(3+)水解明显并发生络合反应,产生易引起乳化的胶体物质。此外,萃取剂降解生成的表面活性物质在界面处牢固吸附,与固体微粒形成复合结构,导致乳化物稳定存在于两相界面中间。     

毛洋头铀矿床淋浸液萃取分离铀钼工艺技术研究

毛洋头铀矿床淋浸液中的铀、钼能同时被三脂肪胺萃取,负载有机相经分别采用酸性溶液反萃取铀、碱性溶液反萃取钼的二步反萃取法,铀和钼达到了有效分离。     

烷基叔胺萃取处理氰化浸金贫液的研究 (Ⅰ)萃取体系的选择及工艺实验

采用烷基叔胺（Ｎ２３５）－异辛醇－磺化煤油体系从氰化浸金贫液萃取铜、锌，以ＮａＯＨ溶液为反萃取剂从负载有机相中反萃铜、锌。考察了有机相质子化酸度、添加剂浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间、平衡水相的ｐＨ值等对萃取铜锌的影响以及ＮａＯＨ浓度对反萃铜、锌的影响，并确定了合适的工艺参数。用该萃取体系净化氰化浸金贫液的工艺流程简单易行，技术经济性能好，适宜于推广到工业生产中。     

脉冲筛板柱萃取分离镍钴的半工业实验

本文报导了φ２００ｍｍ脉冲筛板萃取柱（以下简称萃取柱）和φ１００ｍｍ脉冲筛板反萃取柱（以下简称反萃取柱）在半工业实验中的运行情况。萃取柱运行了９８０ｈ，总计处理水相料液４２５ｍ￣３。反萃取柱运行了１０００ｈ，处理有机相９６ｍ￣３。连续运行的结果表明萃取柱和反萃取柱各项指标均达到或超过设计要求，可以在工业上用于萃取分离镍钴。     

溶液中有机质腐植酸对萃取铀过程的影响

本文研究了溶液中有机质、腐植酸对萃取铀过程的有害影响,其表现为萃取、反萃取铀时分相困难;生成稳定乳状液,且降低有机相铀容量。对三种沉积型铀矿石进行了有机质的提取和萃取试验。在用含三脂肪胺和D2EHPA的有机相从含有机质、腐植酸的铀溶液中萃取铀时.分别产生油包水型或水包油型的乳伏液。对原料腐植酸以不同体积比的乙醇和乙酸乙酯分级,分离出几种不同分子量的腐植酸。对这些腐植酸进行了多项化学组成和物理性能测定,表明不同分子量的腐植酸引起乳化性能上有明显差别。最后简要地讨论了从溶液和有机相中除去腐植酸的方法。     

烷基叔胺萃取处理氰化浸金贫液的研究：（I）萃取体系的选择及工艺实验

采用烷基叔胺（Ｎ２３５）－异辛醇－磺化煤油体系从氰化浸金贫淬萃取铜，锌，以ＮａＯＨ溶液为反萃取剂从负载有机相中反萃铜，锌，考察了有机相质子化酸度，添加剂浓度，萃取温度，平衡水相的ｐＨ值等对萃取铜锌的影响以及ＮａＯＨ浓度对反萃铜，锌的影响，并确定了合适的工艺参数，用该萃取体系净化氰化浸金贫液的工艺流程简单易行，技术经济性能好，适宜推广到工业生产中。     

TBP从加表面活性剂的碱性溶液中萃取金

研究以TBP从加入表面活性剂的碱性含金溶液中萃取金，考查平衡pH值、有机相组成、表面括性剂CPB等对萃取率的影响以及萃取容量。用30％TBP＋70％磺化煤油作有机相，金的萃取率在98％以上，实际应用的相比可达1：11，萃取容量超过14g／L。     

新型水介质旋流器分选粗煤泥的试验研究与工业应用

介绍了新型水介质旋流器的特点、大锥角单锥段水介质旋流器与改进型锥段结构新型水介质旋流器分选粗煤泥对比试验结果和新型水介质旋流器用于兴无选煤厂粗煤泥分选的工业实践。对新型水介旋流器的分选下限、调整灵活性、分选效果进行了工业测评,测评结果表明,新型水介质旋流器分选>0.5mm粒级的不完善度I=0.16,分选0.25~0.5mm粒级不完善度I=0.18,分选>0.25mm粒级数量效率94%,分选下限可达0.125mm。上述工业测评结果表明,新型水介质旋流器是一种高效的粗煤泥分选设备。     

低品位硬岩铀矿石高柱浸出试验

对某硬岩铀矿石进行了10m高柱浸出条件试验,以便为原地破碎浸出采铀的工业性试验方案和施工设计提供参考和依据。试验结果表明,该矿石属较易浸出的矿石,不同高度、不同粒级的浸出液铀金属质量浓度、浸出率及酸耗规律明显:①高柱下部位置的铀金属质量浓度较高,特别是浸出初期浓度梯度变化显著,随着时间的延长,同一高度浸出液铀浓度变化趋缓。②不同高度的浸出液余酸变化规律说明前期耗酸多,中、后期酸耗较少。③越靠近矿堆上部的矿石浸出率越高,但顶部并非最高。④不同粒级的矿石浸出率不同,细粒级矿石浸出率高,-50mm的矿石的渣计浸出率(总浸出率)为82 1%,其中-15mm的矿石的渣计浸出率为90 2%。作者还建议采用间歇喷淋或滴淋布液方法,以提高矿堆浸出效果。     

KYZ—B浮选柱气液两相流数值模拟与试验研究

为了研究浮选柱柱体高度的有效使用情况,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟软件CFX对充气后浮选柱不同高度截面上气相在液相中的分散情况进行了数值模拟。设计了浮选柱试验系统进行气液两相流试验对数值模拟结果进行验证,通过对比数值模拟与试验结果可知,两者基本吻合。     

高浓铀脉冲筛板塔溶剂萃取过程自动控制研究

本文主要叙述了高浓铀塔式萃取自动控制系统在衡阳铀厂扩大试验中的运行情况，着重阐述 了自动化仪器、仪表的使用，自动控制回路及脉冲筛板塔溶剂萃取过程最佳回控点等。作者指出了 这次实验的成功之处，也提出了在今后生产应用中，自动控制、仪器仪表方面应该注意的一些问 题。     

新型胺类萃取剂N1633萃取钨的研究

采用自制的胺类萃取剂N1633作萃取剂, 考察了其在钨萃取冶金中的性能。当有机相组成为40%N1633+40%异辛醇+磺化煤油(体积比), 在pH=8.27、相比(O/A)为1∶1、振荡时间10 min、萃取温度25 ℃时, 对WO₃含量116.25 g/L的钨酸钠溶液进行萃取, 单级萃取率大于99%。绘制了N1633的萃取等温线, 经过三级萃取饱和容量达到109.03 g/L。用2.5 mol/L的氨水对负载有机相进行反萃, 相比2.5∶1时, 反萃液中WO3浓度达到174.31 g/L。绘制了负载有机相的反萃等温线, 理论上以相比1.25∶1进行四级逆流萃取可将有机相中的钨基本反萃, 反萃液中WO₃的饱和反萃浓度达到202.82 g/L。采用0.6 mol/L的硫酸以相比2∶1进行酸化再生后, N1633仍具有良好的萃取性能。     

Dynamic characterization of column flotation process laboratory case study

The objective of metallurgical column control is to achieve the economic optimum combination of concentrate grade and mineral recovery for any given feed. Metal prices and the cost of consumables will dictate the metallurgical concentrate and mineral recovery targets. Furthermore, experience has shown that collection zone height, air holdup and bias water flow rate are key parameters (controlled variables) that affect metallurgical performance. The collection zone height is related, mainly, with the residence time of the particles inside the collection zone, air holdup is correlated to the available surface area of air bubbles and bias water flow rate is an indirect measure of the cleaning action of the froth zone. However, these variables cannot be directly manipulated. Instead, wash water, air and underflow flowrates are the directly manipulated variables [1]. Therefore, if dynamic relationships could be established between the three manipulated variables and the three controlled variables, column metallurgical control may be improved. This study was an attempt to model these relationships using a tool known as System Identification, that includes Transient Analysis.The study consists in experimental tests, transient response analysis and identification of black box type models with cross validation.The experimental work was performed in a pilot scale laboratory flotation column of 3.2 m high by 80 mm of diameter. This flotation column operates in a plant with all the required instrumentation installed. The study considers the operation of the two phase air-water system.     

On the synthesis of inorganic chemical and metallurgical processes,review and extension

A review and extension of process synthesis principles to inorganic chemicals and extractive metallurgical operations is presented. It is shown that conceptualization of extractive metallurgy and inorganic chemical processes can be improved upon by the development of specific methodologies. The major issues analyzed are: 1) reaction path, 2) mineral processing circuit synthesis, 3) separation path using fractional crystallisation, 4) waste minimization and mass-exchange networks, 5) selection of mineral processing routes, and 6) synthesis of chemical induced separation.It is shown that there is a lack of methods for inorganic chemical and extractive metallurgy process synthesis, and that process synthesis has not found the place it deserves among the techniques used in inorganic chemical and extractive metallurgical operations. Research efforts conducted during the last few years, however, are a good beginning in the efforts to change this.A number of ideas are given to illustrate the potential applicability of process synthesis to this area. Several articles cited in this paper have been chosen from the chemical engineering literature which represent advances of particular interest in the organic chemical and extractive metallurgy process synthesis.     

Effect of frothers and dodecylamine on bubble size and gas holdup in a downflow column

Bubble size and gas holdup were characterized in a two phase gas–water system in a laboratory downflow column. The effect of the cationic surfactant dodecyl amine (MW 185, HLB 10.7) and the frothers MIBC (MW 102, HLB 6.05) and polyglycol F507 (MW 425, HLB 8.63) on the bubble size and gas holdup were investigated. In addition, the effect of blends of MIBC-dodecyl amine (DDA) and F507-DDA on these parameters was assessed. The bubble Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) followed the order MIBC > DDA > F507. When blending the frothers with DDA at a concentration below its CCC, the frother CCC decreased and bubbles of finer size were obtained below and above the frother CCC. Static surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions with frothers and DDA as well as with frothers-DDA blends show coadsorption of DDA at the air/aqueous solution interface. The surface tension of aqueous solutions prepared with the blends decreased with the addition of DDA and varied linearly with the frother concentration within the concentration range studied. The gas holdup in the downflow column was determined by the bubble size and decreased with the bubble size. It is shown that frother-DDA blends gave the lowest gas holdup in the downflow column. This work is relevant for the reverse flotation of quartz from iron ores using amine collectors in cells with downflow systems.     

FXZ静态浮选柱的高度与分选效果

文章论述了FXZ浮选柱沿高度的分段和各段的功能 ,指出获得大的碰撞概率是矿粒浮选的首要条件 ,保证足够长的停留时间是提高精矿产率的关键 ,实验室试验结果证明了以上结论。必须通过试验来确定矿物的停留时间和浮选柱的高度     

浅埋深工作面支架与顶板的动态相互作用研究

以榆家梁煤矿44305工作面支架活柱伸缩量实测数据为基础,同时对比支架工作阻力监测数据,从工作面顶板下沉特征(周期下沉与循环下沉)及支架让压能力2方面研究了支架与顶板的动态相互作用。结果表明,割煤移架使得"支架-顶板"组成的稳定支撑系统失去平衡,造成移架后在形成新的稳定支撑系统前发生了顶板循环下沉与支架增阻;顶板循环下沉在其运动周期内累积形成周期下沉;44305工作面顶板周期下沉量200~300 mm,最大可达462 mm,下沉速度为40~60 mm/h,循环下沉量约30 mm,最大可达52 mm;支架活柱伸缩余量是评价支架让压能力的重要指标,44305工作面回采期间应控制最低采高,确保支架活柱伸缩余量在300 mm左右,避免长时间在较低支撑高度工作,减小切顶压架风险。