基于溶剂置换的壳聚糖水凝胶的构建及力学性能研究

采用碱液置换丙二醇的方法制备物理交联壳聚糖水凝胶,研究了碱液浓度及三聚磷酸钠（TPP）离子交联预处理对凝胶结构和力学性能的影响。SEM观察结果表明水凝胶微观结构为富有纳米纤维的三维网络结构,且离子交联预处理在一定程度上会影响水凝胶内部结构的形成。无侧限压缩测试和动态力学分析（DMA）结果显示,未经离子交联的水凝胶在NaOH溶液浓度≤4mol/L时,力学性能随碱溶液浓度增大而增加,在NaOH溶液浓度为4mol/L时获得最优的力学性能;TPP交联后再经NaOH溶液处理的水凝胶其力学性能有所下降,当NaOH溶液浓度为2mol/L时可获得最优的力学性能。采用的2种物理交联方式在水凝胶形成过程中具有竞争关系。     

废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜的制备及性能

为增强壳聚糖膜的力学性能,制备了废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜.以包装废弃瓦楞纸为原料,通过碱处理和漂白处理得到再生纤维素,再以不同组分与壳聚糖制备成膜,并对不同原料膜进行形态观察和力学性能检测.研究结果表明:废纸纤维素呈丝状,纤维直径约为15～20μm,结晶度较原始瓦楞纸有大幅提高;当在质量分数为2％的壳聚糖溶液中添加相对质量分数为5％的废纸纤维素时,废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜力学性能最好,最大拉伸强度达52.3 MPa,断裂伸长率超过20％,纤维素分布均匀.     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/明胶水凝胶的合成及其对苯酚的吸附研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖和明胶为原料、戊二醛为交联剂,在酸性溶液中通过共混交联反应合成了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/明胶水凝胶,单因素法讨论了影响水凝胶性能的因素如:反应物质量比、交联剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/明胶水凝胶,对不同浓度苯酚溶液的吸附研究.研究结果表明聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/明胶水凝胶对苯酚有较好的吸附性能.     

温敏性羟丙基壳聚糖的制备及其性能

本文通过对甲壳素脱乙酰制得壳聚糖,并利用"冷冻爆破法"制备了壳聚糖溶液,在该溶液体系中采用环氧丙烷作为醚化剂,在碱催化下与壳聚糖进行反应,成功地在均相反应体系中制备了羟丙基壳聚糖。利用核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了产物的结构,并利用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-vis)测试了羟丙基壳聚糖的温敏性能。结果表明,壳聚糖脱乙酰度为75%左右,制备得到的羟丙基壳聚糖取代度(DS)为2.47,具有可逆的温度响应性。     

RADA16-I纳米短肽水凝胶力学强度的调控

研究了RADA16-I纳米短肽的二级结构和微观形态及其在不同溶液触发下形成的水凝胶的力学强度.试验结果表明,该短肽在水溶液中形成典型的β-sheet结构,这对其形成纳米纤维十分重要.此外,研究发现采用不同的溶液触发得到的水凝胶的力学强度可在一定范围内变化,符合DLVO理论.这可为组织工程提供强度可调控的纳米纤维支架材料.     

壳聚糖交联智能型水凝胶的制备与降解性能

将天然产物壳聚糖改性后引入聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)温敏性水凝胶体系,研究了N-马来酰化壳聚糖(N-MACH)对水凝胶的温敏性、溶胀性、压缩强度和降解性的影响。结果发现,当N-MACH的含量为30%时,合成的水凝胶不仅具有较好的温敏性和溶胀性能,且其压缩强度比只有BIS交联的PNIPAAm水凝胶提高了311.2%。在40℃、pH 5.0条件下,N-MACH引入量为30%水凝胶在纤维素酶溶液(8 U/mL)中的降解率可达到60.8%,进一步为壳聚糖交联水凝胶在生物领域的应用提供了良好条件。     

纳米材料掺杂型聚乙烯醇双交联复合水凝胶的力-化学性质

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,氧化石墨烯(GO)和羟基磷灰石(HA)为共掺杂物,先以戊二醛作为交联剂,采用化学交联法制备了GO/HA/PVA单网络单交联复合水凝胶,再通过循环冷冻-解冻技术使PVA聚合物链间进一步发生氢键交联,制备得到GO/HA/PVA双网络双交联复合水凝胶。采用HRSEM、XRD表征了水凝胶的微观形貌和晶相结构,并研究了GO与PVA、HA与PVA在不同质量比及不同冷冻-解冻循环次数时制备所得GO/HA/PVA复合水凝胶的力学性能。结果表明:随着GO与PVA质量百分比的增加(0%～2.6%),该凝胶拉伸力学强度不断增强;随着HA与PVA质量比的增加(0.22～1.10),该凝胶的拉伸强度先增强后减弱;随着冷冻-解冻循环次数增加(0次、3次、7次)该凝胶的拉伸强度逐渐增强,弹性模量也逐渐提高。当GO与PVA质量百分比为1.9%、HA与PVA质量比为0.66、冷冻-解冻循环次数N=7次时,制备所得凝胶的拉伸力学性能最优(拉伸强度为695 kPa,断裂应变为286%,弹性模量为78 kPa)。此外,深入研究了不同冷冻-解冻循环次数对水凝胶含水率和溶胀率的影响规律。结果表明:不同冷冻-解冻循环次数(0次、3次、7次)的凝胶含水率为79.3%～81.7%,平衡溶胀率为50.1%～72%,且均在60 min后达到溶胀平衡。该水凝胶有望作为软骨替代材料应用于临床医学领域。     

表面喷涂壳聚糖溶液对聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜的结构和性能的影响

在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液膜表面喷涂壳聚糖(CS)醋酸溶液,用浸没相转变法制备PVDF多孔膜,研究CS溶液对多孔膜的结构和性能的影响并探讨了成膜机理。结果表明,随着溶液膜表面CS溶液体积的增加PVDF膜的孔隙率提高,膜表面的亲水性大幅度提高,β晶含量降低而α晶的含量提高;喷涂CS溶液前PVDF膜的上表面结构致密,喷涂CS溶液后PVDF膜上表面呈现多孔结构,其断面结构均为指状大孔结构;喷涂CS溶液的体积为2 mL、4 mL和6 mL的PVDF膜,其水通量先增加后降低,分别为683.33 L/m²·h、1121.57 L/m²·h、1171.36 L/m²·h和1029.02 L/m²·h。用不同方法制备的PVDF膜,其结构和性能不同,因为膜上表面的成膜机理不同。     

敏感性壳聚糖-聚醚水凝胶的研究

以壳聚糖和聚醚为原料、戊二醛为交联剂合成了壳聚糖-聚醚水凝胶,探讨了壳聚糖-聚醚水凝胶的形成机理,研究了该水凝胶的pH值、酸、碱、盐、温度等敏感性,并通过红外光谱图对其结构进行了分析.结果表明,壳聚糖-聚醚水凝胶具有显著的pH值/温度敏感性,酸、碱、盐的种类和浓度也是影响其溶胀度的重要因素,戊二醛的醛基与壳聚糖分子链上的氨基生成Schiff碱交联,从而形成壳聚糖-聚醚水凝胶三维空间结构.     

全物理交联三重互穿网络水凝胶的制备与性能

为提升水凝胶的综合力学力学性能,设计并研究了一种全物理交联三重互穿网络水凝胶。以自由基乳液聚合法,获得疏水缔合交联的聚丙烯酰胺网络,水凝胶一步成型,依次通过冷冻-融化循环、浸没FeCl_3溶液分别形成微晶交联的聚乙烯醇网络及离子交联的海藻酸钠网络。获得P(AM-SMA)/PVA/SA三重互穿网络(HMITN)水凝胶。通过傅里叶变换红外对水凝胶结构进行了表征;通过电子万能试验机对水凝胶的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,HMITN水凝胶具有良好的强度、韧性、抗疲劳及自恢复性能,强度0.45 MPa,断裂能2.48 MJ/m~3,在200%应变下进行5次循环拉伸后仍然保持20.3%的韧性,室温下自恢复260 min后,韧性可恢复66.7%。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.