硅酸钠对氟碳铈矿和萤石的抑制机理研究

采用单矿物浮选试验、zeta-电位测试、吸附量试验、FT-IR分析和人工混合矿试验,结合浮选溶液化学,研究了邻羟基萘甲羟肟酸(以下简称H_(205))捕收剂体系下硅酸钠对氟碳铈矿和萤石的抑制机理。结果表明,硅酸钠对萤石具有明显的抑制作用,原因在于硅酸钠在萤石表面发生化学吸附,阻碍了H_(205)在萤石表面的吸附,使得矿物表面亲水。人工混合矿物浮选试验结果表明,加入硅酸钠后,精矿REO品位从16.91%增加到18.62%,说明硅酸钠对氟碳铈矿和萤石的浮选分离具有选择性抑制作用。     

不同海拔高度对硫化铅锌矿浮选行为及作用机制研究

通过单矿物浮选试验,研究了不同海拔高度对方铅矿和闪锌矿浮选行为的影响。测定了不同海拔条件下方铅矿和闪锌矿两种矿物矿浆溶氧量的大小,讨论了两种矿物电化学行为差异,分析了海拔高度对两种矿物浮选分离影响的作用机制。结果表明,铅锌分离的最佳条件为p H在11左右,Eh130 m V。海拔升高,两种矿物矿浆溶氧量降低、矿浆电位降低,有利于方铅矿和闪锌矿的浮选分离。高海拔条件下矿浆溶氧量低,导致矿浆电位低,较低的矿浆溶氧量和电位对方铅矿与乙硫氮反应生成金属捕收剂盐的影响很小,不会对方铅矿的浮选产生影响,但在此条件下闪锌矿表面乙硫氮很难生成,对闪锌矿的浮选很不利,并且高p H值能使闪锌矿表面氧化生成亲水物质而受到抑制,这是高海拔条件下有利于硫化铅锌矿浮选分离的主要原因。     

有机抑制剂SDD与BX在铜活化闪锌矿表面的竞争吸附机制

通过单矿物浮选试验揭示了有机抑制剂SDD对铜活化闪锌矿的抑制情况. 在此基础上,采用Zeta电位测试、Versa STAT电化学工作站的局部交流阻抗(LEIS)测试、前线轨道理论计算对SDD和BX(丁基黄药)在铜活化闪锌矿表面的竞争吸附机理进行了研究. 浮选试验结果表明:SDD是一种铜锌分离的高效抑制剂,能够有效的抑制闪锌矿,而黄铜矿几乎不受影响;此外,还发现SDD具有用量少且十分敏感的特性,在pH为10,SDD为4.0×10-5 mol·L-1的最佳条件下,能够将铜活化闪锌矿的回收率降低至16.59%,而黄铜矿的回收率为81.64%. Zeta电位和局部交流阻抗(LEIS)分析表明:SDD不但能够占据铜活化闪锌矿表面的活化位点,而且其吸附能力强于BX,这极大的降低了BX在铜活化闪锌矿表面的吸附量,从而对铜活化闪锌矿表现出良好的抑制作用. 前线轨道理论计算进一步证实SDD与铜活化闪锌矿作用能力强于BX.      

氟碳铈矿浮选中EDTA对萤石的选择性抑制作用机制

通过单矿物及人工混合矿浮选、Zeta电位和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试以及溶液化学计算,研究了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对氟碳铈矿和萤石浮选分离的影响及对萤石的选择性抑制作用机制,结果表明:辛基羟肟酸(OHA)作捕收剂时,EDTA对萤石浮选具有较强的抑制作用,而对氟碳铈矿的浮选几乎没有影响,氟碳铈矿和萤石浮选分离指数随EDTA用量的增加而增大,当用量由0增至2×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)时,分离指数由1. 18提高至12. 66;XPS测试表明,EDTA降低了萤石表面以化学吸附形式存在的羟肟酸含量,而对氟碳铈矿表面吸附的羟肟酸影响较小;Zeta电位测试表明,EDTA能大幅度降低羟肟酸作用后萤石表面的Zeta电位,而对羟肟酸作用后氟碳铈矿的Zeta电位降低幅度较小,溶液化学计算表明EDTA可将萤石表面的羟肟酸钙沉淀转化为可溶性的Ca-EDTA络合物,从而减少OHA在萤石表面的吸附,但EDTA不能络合溶解氟碳铈矿表面的羟肟酸铈沉淀,对氟碳铈矿浮选影响较小,从而起到选择性抑制萤石的效果。     

组合抑制剂CCSL浮选分离PbS、ZnS与单斜Fe1-x S的研究

进行了组合抑制剂CCSL分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选研究.单矿物浮选实验结果表明,浮选过程添加该组合抑制剂时,磁黄铁矿基本不浮,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的可浮性很好.方铅矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该组合抑制剂时,方铅矿的浮选回收率可达90%以上,而磁黄铁矿基本不浮,从而很好地实现两种矿物的分离;闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该抑制剂时也能实现两种矿物的分离,但分离效果不及方铅矿与磁黄铁矿.X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Zeta电位测试表明,CCSL处理后的磁黄铁矿表面的醋酸根吸附不是单纯的物理吸附.紫外吸收光谱扫描结果表明,CCSL中的醋酸根并没有阻碍磁黄铁矿表面双黄药的生成,磁黄铁矿可浮性下降仅仅是由于醋酸根对其造成的亲水性大于双黄药造成的疏水性.CCSL中的醋酸根既与磁黄铁矿中的Fe3+发生亲合,又与水中的H+形成氢键,最终增强了磁黄铁矿的亲水性;而醋酸根对方铅矿和闪锌矿基本没有影响,这是组合抑制剂CCSL能够分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的原因.      

阴离子和阳离子染料浮选硫化矿

本文叙述一些染料,例如羊毛铬蓝黑B、羊毛铭黑T、二苯胺磷酸钡、萤光素酸、溴酚蓝、藏红T、结晶紫和亚甲蓝,在硫酸铜使用与否时均匀能够浮选方铅矿和闪锌矿,其中一些染料或许能用于从复杂矿石中选择性分离硫化矿物,因为添加硫酸铜,改善闪锌矿的浮游,抑制方铅矿。硫化矿物乙基黄原酸钾系统不具有上述优点。在氧化条件下,利用萤光素酸可以浮选黄铁矿。     

利用黄血鹽做為某些矿物的抑制劑

在国外,莱欧波里特选矿厂曾在浮选闪锌矿时,用黄血鹽做为辉铜矿的抑制剂,;在摩林西选矿厂则在浮选辉钼矿和铜钼分离时,用黄血鹽做为黄铁矿与辉铜矿的抑制剂。试验指出:K_4Fe[CN]_6对黄铁矿与方铅矿均有抑制作用。K_4Fe[CN]_6不但可以抑制黄铁矿与辉铜矿,经试验证实并可抑制方铅矿的浮游。N_4Fe[CN]_6所以能抑制某些矿物的浮游(一定添加量与一定的矿液酸硷度时),主要是Fe[CN]_6~(4-)络离子的作用。当它被吸着在黄铁矿、辉铜矿与方铅矿表面时,即妨碍了捕收剂的作用而使该矿物被抑制。     

铟和锗的载体锌矿物及黄铁矿的浮选行为差异研究

通过浮选和吸附量试验,研究了丁黄药、丁胺黑药、乙硫氮和硫酸铜对载铟闪锌矿、载锗闪锌矿及黄铁矿的浮选行为的影响。结果表明,在无活化剂和其他试验条件相同时,在3种捕收剂体系中,3种矿物的上浮率在丁黄药和乙硫氮体系中分别达到最高和最低。在丁黄药和丁胺黑药体系中,3种矿物在酸性条件下的上浮率和吸附量都最高,其中黄铁矿载铟闪锌矿载锗闪锌矿;在碱性条件下,3种矿物的可浮性和对捕收剂的吸附量都明显地下降。在乙硫氮体系中,3种矿物在6p H8的条件下可浮性最好,在强酸和强碱条件下都受到了强烈的抑制,并且在整个p H范围内对乙硫氮的吸附量都很小。添加活化剂硫酸铜后,载铟和载锗的闪锌矿的上浮率明显地提高,黄铁矿反而受到了一定的抑制,上浮率大小顺序是:载锗闪锌矿载铟闪锌矿黄铁矿。铜离子的吸附量试验表明,同等条件下,载锗闪锌矿和黄铁矿对铜离子的吸附量分别为最大和最小。高碱条件同样不利于铜离子的吸附。载铟和载锗闪锌矿表面的丁黄药和丁胺黑药的吸附量与铜离子的吸附量成正比,而铜离子的添加反而降低黄铁矿表面对丁黄药和丁胺黑药的吸附量。活化后的3种矿物在整个p H范围内对乙硫氮的吸附量并没有明显的提高。     

1号纤维素在浮选过程中对辉石闪石等的抑制作用

在浮选过程中,抑制剂对矿物的抑制作用,有一些系统理论研究资料。总的说来,可以归纳为下列几个方面:首先是抑制剂在矿物表面上生成难溶性亲水膜,阻碍捕收剂与矿物表面间的相互作用,例如重铬酸钾对方铅矿的抑制,氧化钙对黄铁矿的抑制,以及氰化欠对黄铜矿、闪锌矿的抑制等。     

兰坪铅锌矿南厂灰岩氧化矿选矿工艺研究

本文介绍了兰坪铅锌矿南厂矿段矿石浮选流程试验及试验结果。铅浮选时用过量的硫化钠能有效的抑制闪锌矿,再用充分的充气搅拌,活化被抑制的方铅矿。选铅后用脱泥的手段达到复活被硫化钠抑制的闪锌矿可浮性,从而简化了浮选药剂制度。     

Recycling Process Water in Complex Sulfide Ore Flotation: Effect of Calcium and Sulfate on Sulfide Minerals Recovery

The influence of major components of calcium and sulfate ions in process water on xanthate collector adsorption and flotation response of pure chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite minerals was investigated by Hallimond tube flotation, zeta-potential, FTIR, and XPS spectroscopy studies, while bench scale flotation tests were also carried out using complex sulfide ores.

Marginally lower recoveries of chalcopyrite and galena in process water and in the presence of calcium and sulfate ions in both deionized and process waters using potassium amyl xanthate as collector were observed in Hallimond tube flotation, whereas sphalerite floatability is a little increased in process water using isobutyl xanthate as collector. Zeta-potential results show the adsorption of calcium ions on the minerals. FTIR and XPS studies revealed the presence of surface oxidized sulfoxy species and surface calcium carbonates and/or calcium sulfate on chalcopyrite and galena in the presence of process water and water-containing calcium ions at flotation pH 10.5, and these surface species influenced xanthate adsorption. Surface-oxidized sulfoxy and carbonate species were seen on sphalerite surface in the presence of deionized water, process water, and water-containing calcium and sulfate ions at pH 11.5, but the surface species does not influence xanthate adsorption. Bench scale flotation using two different complex sulfide ores showed that chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite recoveries are higher in process water than tap water and general decrease of the minerals floatability at temperatures lower than 22°C in either tap water or process water.     

古尔胶和鞣酸添加方式对硫化矿浮选的影响

通过浮选实验研究了两种不同结构的有机抑制剂古尔胶和鞣酸以及这两种药剂与乙基黄药不同添加顺序对方铅矿、黄铜矿及黄铁矿浮选行为的影响.当先加入古尔胶时,古尔胶对三种硫化矿抑制作用较强;而古尔胶后于乙基黄药加入时,古尔胶对三种硫化矿的抑制作用明显减弱.鞣酸与乙基黄药不同的添加顺序不影响鞣酸对黄铁矿和方铅矿的抑制作用.紫外光谱研究表明,古尔胶对乙基黄药在三种硫化矿表面吸附没有影响,而鞣酸能够阻碍乙基黄药在硫化矿表面吸附.红外光谱研究表明,鞣酸通过化学作用吸附在方铅矿表面,因此能够抑制吸附了乙基黄药的硫化矿.      

Basic foundations of selection and joint application of selective collectors and flotation depressants of sulfide minerals with close physicochemical properties

Mechanisms of interaction between different classes of collectors and flotation depressants of sulfide ores are investigated. Optimal conditions for the selective flotation of sulfide mineral complexes with the use of sulfohydrophilic collectors based on dithiophosphates are determined. As selective depressants, KMTs (cellulose-hydroxiacetic acid sodium salt) modified by heavy metal salts is used. Combinations and ratios of the collector and depressant, at which active flotation of some sulfide minerals and depression of others occur, are determined. Technological studies for various types of ores confirmed the results of theoretical experiments.     

复杂高硫金矿石浮选试验研究

某高硫微细粒金矿石成分复杂,金与硫化矿物以及硫化矿物之间共生关系密切,分选难度大。试验采用工艺方法:亚硫酸钠-硫酸锌复合抑制剂抑制闪锌矿等硫化矿物,优先浮金;浮金尾矿用亚硫酸钠抑制黄铁矿,硫酸铜活化闪锌矿浮锌。试验结果表明,金精矿金品位达65.38%,回收率56.31%;锌精矿锌品位43.73%,回收率78.54%,取得了较好的技术指标。     

含金银高硫微细粒铜锌矿石浮选工艺试验研究

某含金银高硫微细粒铜锌矿石中有用矿物粒度微细,黄铜矿与闪锌矿、方铅矿、毒砂关系密切,且硫高达21.44%。针对该矿石性质特点,试验探索了铜锌优先浮选、铜锌等可浮浮选、铜锌硫等可浮浮选、铜锌混浮—铜锌精矿再磨—铜锌分离、铜锌硫混浮—精矿再磨—铜锌硫分离等5种选别流程。试验结果表明:铜锌硫混浮—精矿再磨—铜锌硫分离流程适宜处理该矿石,其技术指标较好;同时,硫精矿(金银粗精矿)采用湿法工艺进行处理,也取得了良好的技术指标。     

Developments in Selective Flotation of Complex Copper-Lead-Zinc

Sulphur dioxide has been successfully used as a depressant for galena and sphalerite in selective copper flotation of complex fine-grained sulphide ores. Dosage of the gas demands care and that is why it is not used as often as it could be. The sulphur dioxide gas has been replaced by a solution of sulphur dioxide forming salt with improved selectivity. Easy dosage of the reagent and use of selective copper mineral collectors has demonstrated better process control with upgraded products. On an Australian Cu-Pb-Zn ore the key to improved process was the finding that gangue minerals of the ore have buffer capacity to allow the stagewise addition of acidic reagent solution and still maintain the narrow pH range of selective separation of chalcopyrite and galena even with simple manual process control.

On a Russian Cu-Pb-Zn ore good selectivity against galena and sphalerite was obtained in the flotation of bornite and chalcopyrite as a high grade copper concentrate. Stagewise grinding-flotation with three grinding steps were used to obtain reasonable liberation of copper minerals and to maintain the optimum selectivity.     

Surface chemical and flotation behaviour of chalcopyrite and pyrite in the presence of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Extraction of valuable metals and removal of sulfide minerals from abandoned mines holds the key for environmental protection. This paper discusses the utility of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans for the selective removal of pyrite from chalcopyrite for the economic extraction of valuable copper. Interaction of bacterial cells with the sulfide minerals altered the surface chemistry of both the minerals and cells. The isoelectric point of both pyrite and chalcopyrite shifted to higher pH after interaction with cells. Adhesion kinetics of the bacterial cells to both the minerals was similar, however, the adsorption density on pyrite was higher compared to that on chalcopyrite. Interaction with cells rendered both the minerals hydrophilic. Flotation of minerals, preconditioned with cells, with potassium isopropyl xanthate as collector resulted in depression of pyrite and good flotation of chalcopyrite. The observed behaviour is discussed in detail. Poor selectivity achieved when the minerals were floated together was overcome by conditioning the collector interacted minerals with the bacterial cells prior to flotation. Thus it was possible to selectively depress pyrite from chalcopyrite at both acidic and neutral pH conditions.     

江西某铅锌多金属硫化矿石选矿试验研究

江西某铅锌多金属硫化矿石有用矿物嵌布粒度不均匀,共生关系密切,特别是闪锌矿内部普遍包裹有乳浊状的黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿及细小颗粒状的黄铁矿,有时也见包裹有细小颗粒的方铅矿,导致锌矿物充分单体解离较困难,矿石性质复杂.针对该矿石特点,采用铅锌依次优先浮选工艺流程进行选矿试验,获得了铅品位和回收率分别为52.48%和88.42%的铅精矿、锌品位和锌回收率分别为50.85%和84.96%锌精矿,并使矿石中的伴生银得到了有效富集,为合理开发该矿石资源提供了依据.