11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid functionalized gold nanoclusters as fluorescent probes for the sensitive detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions

Metal ions are physiologically essential,but excessive metal ions may cause severe risk to plants and animals.Here,we prepared gold nanoclusters(Au NCs) protected by 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid(11-MUA),which have excellent fluorescence properties for the detection of metal ions.The results showed that the copper ions(Cu~(2+)) and iron ions(Fe~(3+)) in the solution have obvious quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of Au NCs.The detection range of Fe~(3+) was 0.8–4.5 mmol/L(R~2= 0.992) and 4.5–11.0 mmol/L(R~2= 0.997).And Cu~(2+) has a lower linear range(0.1–1.0 mmol/L,R2= 0.993).When EDTA was added into the reaction system,it was observed that the quenching effect of Cu~(2+) and Fe~(3+)on Au NCs showed different phenomenon.Then,the effect of metal ions on the fluorescence of Au NCs was investigated.The selective detection of Cu~(2+) was achieved by EDTA masking of Fe~(3+).In addition,we realized the metal ions detection application of Au NCs in the serum     

N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙的合成及对Cu2+的选择性识别

设计合成了可用于识别铜离子的化合物N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙(1), 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS等对其结构进行了表征; 采用荧光光谱和吸收光谱法研究了化合物1与金属离子间的相互作用. 结果表明, 化合物1对Cu²⁺ 呈现良好的选择性, Cu²⁺ 的加入使化合物1的荧光强度增强12.5倍, 加入其它金属离子如Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Li⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ 和 Ag⁺, 仅引起化合物1荧光强度的微降. 采用双倒数线性回归拟合法计算可知, 化合物1与Cu²⁺ 形成了1: 1型强发光配合物, 结合常数为2.0×10⁷ L/mol.     

A highly selective chemosensor for copper ion based on ICT fluorescence

Simple structural compounds 1 to 3 were synthesized.The presence of Cu²⁺ resulted in the fluorescence and absorption spectra change of 1 and 2,which indicated that 1 and 2 showed a highly selective response to Cu²⁺ over other metal ions.However,3 showed no selectivity for metal ions,which means that the compound could bind with several metal ions,such as,Ni²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺.Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,and Co²⁺,except Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺.The different spectral responses were attributed to the difference in binding sites for 1 and 3.     

以9-蒽醛为荧光基团的吡唑啉衍生物荧光探针对Fe3+和Cu2+的检测

以9-蒽醛为荧光基团,吗啉环和吡唑环为识别基团,合成了一种新型荧光探针1,5-二苯基-3-(10-(吗啉甲基)蒽-2-基)吡唑啉(PMAP),利用1H NMR、13C NMR和单晶衍射表征其结构,通过荧光发射光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱研究其离子识别性能。结果表明,探针PMAP对Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺具有良好的识别效果,荧光量子产率分别从0.14降到0.05和0.04,溶液颜色从淡黄色变为蓝色。PMAP与Fe³⁺/Cu²⁺以1∶1的化学计量比形成配合物,检测限约为1μmol·L^-1。同时,干扰实验表明PMAP具有良好的抗干扰性能。在实际样品中的应用表明,PMAP传感器能有效地检测实际水样中的Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺。另外,根据Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺和H+不同组合时PMAP的量子产率构建了分子水平上的三输入NOR逻辑门电路。     

Rational Design of Ratiometric Fe3+ Fluorescent Probes Based on FRET Mechanism

As the most abundant transition metal element in mammals, iron(Fe) plays a vital role in life activities. It is of great significance to study the variation of Fe³⁺ level in living organisms. In virtue of the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity and low damage to living systems, the fluorescence detection of Fe³⁺ has attracted much attention. Compared with the intensity-based fluorescent probe, the ratiometric fluorescent probe has less interference of environmental and can realize quantitative detection. In this study, four ratiometric Fe³⁺ fluorescent probes, R1, R2, R3 and R4_, were designed and synthesized using fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) mechanism to achieve quantitative detection of Fe³⁺. In the FRET systems, 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore derivatives were adopted as donors while rhodamine B derivatives were selected as receptors. The connection sites of the donor and acceptor in R3 and R4 are different from those in R1 and R2. All the four probes showed good response and selectivity to Fe³⁺. The energy transfer efficiencies of R3 and R4 were obviously higher than those of R1 and R2. This work provided a promising strategy for the development of fluorescent ratiometic Fe³⁺sensors.     

A Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cu2+

A new Zn²⁺ probe L2-Zn(L2=naphthofuran carbonylhydrazone derivant) was synthesized as a fluorescence chemosensor for Cu²⁺, by which Cu²⁺ ion could be detected with high selectivity and sensitivity in a wide pH range via a displacement “turn-off” signaling strategy. Whereas the coordination between Zn²⁺ and L2 resulted in a considerable enhancement of typical luminescence of a naphthalofuran group in complex L2-Zn, the addition of Cu²⁺ ion led to a dramatic decrease in the emission intensity of probe L2-Zn at about 503 nm(excitation at 423 nm). The competitive fluorescent experiments showed that other metal ions, such as Hg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Mg²⁺ could not impact the detection of Cu²⁺. The detection limit of the novel probe L2-Zn for Cu²⁺ ion was as low as 2.3×10^-7 mol/L, which is far lower than the guideline value of 1.6×10^-5 mol/L of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.     

Azomethine-H as a Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Fe3+ Detection in 100％ Aqueous Solution and Its Application in Living Cell Imaging

A simple assay for the detection of Fe³⁺ in water by means of fluorescence spectroscopy was developed based on a commercially available reagent, Azomethine-H(A-H), allowing sensing trace levels of Fe³⁺ with high selectivity over other cations. A significant fluorescence quenching of A-H at 424 nm was found after its binding with Fe³⁺ in 100% aqueous solution at pH=7.0, while other physiologically relevant metal ions posed little interference. The fluorescence responses can be well described by the modified Stern-Volmer equation. A good linear relationship(R²=0.9904) was observed up to 1.6×10^-5 mol/L Fe³⁺ ions. The detection limit, calculated via the 3σ IUPAC(international union of pure and applied chemistry) criteria, was 1.95×10^-7 mol/L. Moreover, the colorimetric and fluorescent response of A-H to Fe³⁺ can be conveniently detected by the naked eye, providing a facile method for visual detection of Fe³⁺. The proposed method was used to determine Fe³⁺ in water samples. Moreover, inverted fluorescence microscopy imaging using human umbilical vein endothelial cells shows that A-H can be used as an effective fluorescent probe for detecting Fe³⁺ in living cells.     

Anthracene derivatives bearing sulfur atoms or selenium atoms as fluorescent chemosensors for Cu and Hg: different selectivity induced from ligand immobilization onto anthracene

Two new selenium containing anthracene derivatives and two new sulfur containing anthracene derivatives were synthesized as fluorescent chemosensors for Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺. Compound 1 displayed a highly selective chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching (CHEQ) effect only with Cu²⁺, on the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 displayed highly selective chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effects only with Hg²⁺ among the metal ions examined.     

聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护金纳米粒子选择性检测Pb2+

以聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护的金纳米粒子(GNPs)作为传感器, 实现了水溶液中Pb²⁺的选择性循环检测.先采用柠檬酸钠还原法获得尺寸均匀的GNPs, 再通过具有硫醇端基的聚甲基丙烯酸与金的强耦合作用, 获得了聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护的金纳米粒子(PMAA-@-GNPs).动态光散射、紫外-可见吸收光谱及透射电子显微镜表征证实了其单层结构.在Pb²⁺的诱导下, PMAA-@-GNPs溶液颜色从酒红色变为紫色并可肉眼识别.透射电子显微镜结果证实, 这种变化是由于Pb²⁺交联羧基使聚合物发生收缩, 并诱导GNPs的聚集所致.对比Pb²⁺与Hg²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cd²⁺, K⁺和Fe²⁺溶液颜色的变化, 证实此体系具有一定的选择性.用EDTA可夺取交联的Pb²⁺, 使PMAA-@-GNPs 的吸收峰恢复并可用于循环检测Pb²⁺.     

金属离子对彩色成像过程的影响

通过测量和计算彩色单层片中成色剂的照相活性、偶合效率以及漂白前银密度等参数,研究了在分散四当量成色剂青(Ⅰ)时掺入金属离子Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺对彩色青单层片的成像过程中各个化学反应的影响。本实验的结果表明,成色剂中加入的金属离子Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺对成像过程的初始反应中的Ag影像形成产生不利的影响,但它们能促进偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)与显影剂氧化产物作用所生成的隐色体转变成染料的速率。Mg²⁺和Zn²⁺的加入主要是对偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)的偶合效率产生不利的影响。上述原因的综合影响,最终降低了彩色单层片的感光度。     

A Novel Coumarin-based Fluorescence Chemosensor for Fe^3＋

A novel coumarin derivative[7-diethylamino-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid（6-amino-pyridin2-yl）-amide,CFe1] has been synthesized and its potential application as a chemosensor for the detection of metal ions has been further investigated.The responses of CFe1 to Fe^3＋ were studied by fluorescence emission spectrometry in the presence of other metal ions such as Al^3＋,Ba^2＋,Ca^2＋,Co^3＋,Cr^3＋,Cu^2＋,Fe^2＋,Hg^2＋,Mg^2＋,Mn^2＋,Na^＋,Ni^＋,Pb^2＋,Zn^2＋,K^＋,and Ag^＋.CFe1 showed a good selectivity for Fe^3＋ with fast response,a wide pH span of 3.3-9.18,and a large Stocks shift.CFe1 in the presence of Fe^3＋ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA） makes the blue solution fade to colorless,which is due to the formation of CFe1-Fe^3＋ complex instead of any catalytic action of Fe^3＋.Furthermore,the imaging of Fe^3＋ in cultured single mice microglia cells was realized with the aid of CFe1,indicating that CFe1 has a great potential to be used as promising models for the future design of novel and robust chemosensor for metal ion detection in the field of biomedical and environmental analyses.     

基于有机-无机介孔二氧化硅杂化材料对Cu^2和Co2+的选择性测定

合成了一种有机-无机介孔二氧化硅杂化材料(SBA-15-Tpy),通过透射电镜显微镜、X射线衍射、热重分析和N_2吸附-解吸曲线对其进行表征,并基于该材料建立了在水中对Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的选择性识别。研究表明,SBA-15-Tpy与Cu²⁺和Co²⁺结合后会分别在800 nm和510 nm处产生新的吸收峰,加入其它金属离子后不发生明显的吸收峰值变化。在最优条件下,检测Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的线性范围分别为2.0~200.0μmol/L和10.0~200.0μmol/L,检出限分别为0.48μmol/L和4.28μmol/L。将上述方法用于江水中Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的测定,回收率在96.0%~108.5%之间。     

Determination of labile Cu(2+) in fresh waters by chemiluminescence: interference by iron and other cations

Analysis of labile Cu²⁺ in fresh waters using the Cu²⁺-catalysed oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline by superoxide anion radical has been investigated. It was found that certain metal ions, notably Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺ and Pb²⁺ enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of this reaction by up to an order of magnitude when present in the μM concentration range. This enhancement is considered to arise through coordination of the metal ion to 1,10-phenanthroline, which prevents free rotation of the benzene rings in the excited state intermediate thought to be responsible for light emission. This introduces a potential interference when analyzing fresh waters, which usually contain Fe³⁺ concentrations of this magnitude. However, the enhancement effect saturates at about 4 μM Fe³⁺, so that reliable results can be obtained if the water sample is supplemented with Fe³⁺ to reach this level. Application of the enhanced technique to a river water, and a reservoir to which CuSO₄ had been added to control algal growth, are described. In both cases, only a small fraction of total dissolved Cu²⁺ is labile with respect to the chemiluminesence method.     

含磷酰杂菲侧基的苯乙烯衍生物聚集诱导发光特性及其在过渡金属离子检测中的应用

以2-(6-氧化-6-氢-二苯基(c,e)<1,2>氧杂磷酰基)-1,4-二羟基苯(ODOPB) 为中心结构单元, 通过两步酯化反应, 在两侧分别引入4-戊氧基苯甲酰基和4-乙烯基苯甲酰基, 得到苯乙烯衍生物(MED).由于磷酰杂菲基团的大π共轭结构和极性共同作用, 使得形成聚集体后分子内转动受到限制, 降低了非辐射去活效率, 使 MED在达到一定聚集程度时, 荧光强度成倍增加, 呈现出聚集诱导发光增强(AIEE) 特性. 同时, Pt²⁺, Ru³⁺, Fe³⁺的加入对MED有显著的猝灭效果; 而Fe²⁺只是在形成聚集体过程中才有猝灭效果.     

咔唑-二氨基马来腈类荧光探针的合成及对Cu2+和ClO-的检测

利用咔唑醛与二氨基马来腈合成了一种对Cu²⁺和ClO^-的响应的荧光探针分子CMN。探针分子与Cu²⁺作用后,紫外吸收光谱在394 nm处的吸光度迅速下降,颜色由黄色褪至无色;荧光光谱在452 nm处的发射峰迅速增强,出现明显的蓝色荧光。探针与ClO^-作用后,溶液发生褪色,并在375 nm和394 nm出现强荧光发射,发出淡蓝色荧光。CMN通过配位过程实现了对Cu²⁺的检测,其检测限为47μmol/L;CMN在ClO^-催化下亚胺键水解得到咔唑醛,实现了对ClO^-的检测,检测限3.06μmol/L。CMN可作为荧光检测试纸快速检测环境中的Cu²⁺和ClO^-。     

Novel Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthols to 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthols Catalysed by Solid Lewis Acids Using Atmospheric Oxygen as Oxidant

l,l'-Bi-2-naphthol derivatives have wide applications as chiral inducing agents for asymmetric synthesis.¹ There are many good methods for resolution of racemic binaphthols to give enantiomeric binaphthols.² Therefore, it is essential to established simple, convenient, economically and environmental-friendly methods for preparation of racemic l,l'-binaphthol derivatives. A number of methods have been developed for the oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols usually by using Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ or Mn³⁺ as oxidants. The reaction were carried out in organic solvent,^3a in solid state^3b and in aqueous Fe³⁺ solution.^3c However, all those cases by employing excess, usually 2 equivalents of oxidant. The excess Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and the resulted Fe²⁺, Cu⁺ and HCl were not acceptable from a view point of environmental protection. Recently, Sakamoto et at⁴ and Kantam et at⁵ independently reported two catalytic oxidative coupling procedure for preparation of l,l'-binaphthols using aerial oxygen as oxidant and Cu²⁺-exchanged montmorillonite as catalysts. However, both procedures were by using some toxic chlorobenzene as solvent and long reaction time (>2 h) and high temperature(>140℃) were needed. Consquently, there is still a great demand for catalytic oxidative coupling 2-naphthols to generate binaphthols under mild conditions, environmentally friendly procedure and rapid process. Herein we report novel oxidative coupling of to 1,1-bi-2-naphthols (2a, 2b) catalysed by a number of supported reagents using aerial oxygen as oxidant. The results are listed in Table 1.     

A coumarin-based colorimetric and fluorescent probe for the highly selective detection of Au3+ ions

We develop a novel coumarin-alkyne derivative(NC7-AL), which can specifically react with Au~(3+) and give a colorimetric and fluorescent ‘‘turn-on' response toward Au~(3+). Notably, other alkynophilic metal species such as Au+, Ag+, Pd~(2+), Ni~(2+), Cu~(2+), and Hg~(2+) do not produce an interfering signal. A good linear relationship between emission intensity at 420 nm and Au~(3+) concentration from 0 to 2 equivalent is observed, and the detection limit(3s/k) is estimated to be ca. 3.58 nmol/L. Harnessing the Au~(3+)-induced color change from light yellow to colorless, we find that NC7-AL-based modified TLC plate can be used for convenient naked-eye detection of Au~(3+).     

新型水溶性罗丹明类荧光探针的合成及其对游离3价金属离子的识别

以罗丹明B为原料,设计合成一种新型水溶性荧光探针(L),并对其进行表征和光学性能研究.结果表明,探针L能在纯水体系(TRIS,pH=7.4)中快速识别游离M3+(Cr3+、Al3+、Fe3+)金属离子,为荧光增强型探针,具有灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强的特点.探针L对Cr3+、Al3+、Fe3+的荧光检测限分别为1.57×1...     

新型可降解纳米药物ZnO2@Fe3+-TA@PVP用于肿瘤的化学动力学治疗

为了提高化学动力学疗法的治疗效果, 设计制备了一种新颖的可降解纳米药物ZnO₂@Fe³⁺-TA@PVP. 在弱酸性的肿瘤微环境中, 该纳米药物可降解为Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, 单宁酸(TA)和H₂O₂, 实现了肿瘤微环境内H₂O₂的自供给. 同时, 释放出的Fe³⁺被TA进一步还原成Fe²⁺, 实现了肿瘤原位Fe²⁺的自生成, 并进一步与H₂O₂发生芬顿反应生成毒性的羟基自由基(·OH), 从而实现对肿瘤细胞特异性的化学动力学治疗. 此外, Zn²⁺通过抑制线粒体电子传递链(ETC)来促进内源性超氧阴离子(·O{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-})的产生, 从而协同提高了治疗效果.     

Synthesis of a di(2-picolyl)amino-β-diketone dual-functional ligand that can coordinate to europium(III) for responding to copper(II) and sulfide ions

Lanthanide complex-based luminescent probes/chemosensors have shown great utilities in various biological and environmental assays with time-resolved detection mode to eliminate background noises. In this work, by conjugating di(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) with a tetradentate β-diketone 1,2-bis[4'- (1",1",1",2",2"-pentafluoro-3",5"-pentanedion-5"-yl)benzyl]-4-chlorosulfo-benzene (BPPBCB), a novel dual-functional ligand that can coordinate to Eu³⁺ for responding to Cu²⁺ and S^2- ions in aqueous media, DPA-BPPBCB, has been designed and synthesized. The β-diketone moiety of DPA-BPPBCB can form a strongly luminescent complex with Eu³⁺. Upon reaction with Cu²⁺, accompanied by the formation of heterobimetallic complex Cu²⁺-DPA-BPPBCB-Eu³⁺, the Eu³⁺ luminescence was quenched. While in the presence of S^2-, owing to the high affinity of S^2- to Cu²⁺, stable CuS was formed, which resulted in the release of Cu²⁺ from Cu²⁺-DPA-BPPBCB-Eu³⁺, to restore the luminescence of the Eu³⁺ complex. This unique “on-off-on” luminescence response of the Eu³⁺ complex enabled Cu²⁺ and S^2- ions in aqueous media to be detected with time-resolved luminescence detection mode.