环境影响评价中融入循环经济理念的几点思考

以从环境影响评价融入循环经济理念为出发点，以废纸制浆造纸建设项目为例子，介绍废纸制浆造纸废水零排放技术实例，分析该技术经济技术可行性，就废纸制浆造纸建设项目的环境影响评价工作，从选址可行性、清洁生产水平、污染物达标排放与总量控制、环境质量与环境功能区符合性方面探讨项目建设的可行性     

工农业废渣无公害有机肥的研究

利用造纸化工制浆废水里的苇末、食品发酵制醋的高酸度浆渣、中药渣、农作物秸秆,制成无公害有机肥.并介绍该有机肥的特点及生产流程.     

福建省制浆造纸水污染物排放限值研究

介绍适用于福建省的制浆造纸工业水污染排放限值的研究过程,确定单品产品基准排水量和COD浓度限值,分析节水技术、污水处理技术等新标准实施的技术支撑,并与国内同类标准进行比对。标准实施后,将产生每年减排废水2250万t,减排COD 3000t的环境效益。对于保护和改善我省生态环境,推动制浆造纸工业整体优化升级,促进我省经济结构调整转型,实现"十二五"主要污染物总量减排目标,具有十分重要的意义。     

造纸黑液和次黑液的处理及资源化利用现状

目前造纸工业主要工艺流程为备料、制浆、漂白、抄纸等。制浆工艺废水中的黑液成分复杂,污染物浓度较高,若直接排放到水体中,会造成严重污染。而且其中含有大量可回收利用的物质,若不加以处理,也会造成资源浪费。为此,本文主要分析造纸黑液和次黑液的处理及资源化利用现状,创造性地提出了有效的处理方法。     

造纸废水回收利用

造纸工业是用水大户，其排放废水占工业废水排放量的10％。近年来，制浆造纸行业依靠技术进步，废水（液）综合利用取得较大进展。目前，我国大型木浆厂碱回收率已达叨％以上，而草浆厂碱回收率仅为50％。根据规划，2（XX：年年产1．7万t以上规模碱法制浆企业必须配套碱回收，回收率达到：木浆叨％以上，竹苇、芒秆、蔗渣浆80％以上，麦草浆70％以上。造纸废水回收利用     

利用有机废水制备煤浆的初步研究

经济建设过程中,环境质量的评价与自然资源的节约利用是不可分割的。据作者调查沈阳市平均处理1t 工业废水费用为0.35元,高浓度有机废水的处理费用高达50～200元/t。处理工业废水需要复杂、昂贵的设备,处理后的有机废水往往还有一定的危害性,故要求人们寻找简单的行之有效的方法。利用工业有机废水制备煤浆来处理工业有机废水,不仅能简单可靠地处理有机废水,利用其中可燃物质,还能节约常规制浆所需的工业用水。这在环境保护,节约工业水和利用可     

油煤水浆制浆工艺的研究进展

介绍了国内外在油煤水浆制浆用添加剂、油-煤-水含量和制浆工艺方面的研究进展,并就目前油煤水浆制浆技术存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

水煤浆制浆技术的研究进展

制取性能稳定的水浆是水煤浆燃料技术开发的关键，介绍了国内外在水煤浆制浆用添加剂、粒度分布和制浆工艺方面的研究进展，并就目前水煤浆制浆技术存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

宾阳制浆造纸行业:大刀阔斧砍向污染

制浆造纸行业是传统的污染大户,是宾阳县水体污染的主要污染源之一.经过一年多的整治,截至2008年底,全县重组后保留42家废纸造纸企业,企业产能均超过1万吨,全部企业新建了废水生化处理工程设施和在线监控装置,提前一年达到国家2009年实施最严格的新造纸废水排放标准的要求,率先在广西实现全县废纸造纸行业生产企业废水处理工程设施的升级换代.     

含铬废水处理技术现状及展望

电镀废水含铬废水的排放,对环境会造成巨大的危害。介绍了含铬废水的来源,阐述目前国内常采用的几种含铬废水处理技术,并对其方法优劣进行比较,希望能对工程设计起指导作用;同时对未来含铬废水的处理技术进行了探讨和展望。     

Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Dissolved Air Flotation Technique

Abstract

Oil/water emulsion is found in the wastewater effluent streams coming from various sources, such as the petroleum refineries, the discharge of bilge and ballast water, workshops, petrol stations, rolling mills and from edible oil and soap factories. The oil recovery process adopted will depend on how the oil is present in the water stream. Oil can be found as free floating oil, as an unstable oil/water emulsion and also as a highly stable oil/water emulsion. Free oil in wastewater is readily removed by gravimetric separators, while unstable oil/water emulsions can be mechanically or chemically separated. Stable emulsions and in particular those involving water soluble oily wastes require sophisticated methods to satisfy treated water legal requirements. This study is dedicated to the application of dissolved air flotation (DAF) for the removal of emulsified oils from oily wastewater. A dissolved air flotation unit has been designed for this purpose and the ultimate goal is to explore the technical viability of this technique. The design and then construction of the dissolved air flotation pilot plant has been conducted to treat 1.0 m³/hr of oily wastewater. The performance of the DAF system has been investigated using synthetic oil emulsions and true wastewater where three different types of oil have been managed. The various operating conditions have been tested to define the most appropriate conditions for processing oil/water emulsions. The effect of coagulant addition on the oil separation in the presence of an emulsifying agent is investigated.     

Isolation of a highly efficient phenol-degrading fungus and the preparation of an effective microbial inoculum for activated sludge and its enhancement for hydrogen production

A phenol-degrading fungal strain Magnusiomyces capitatus QWD1 was isolated from activated sludge that was used to treat papermaking wastewater. Through parameters optimization, the optimal degradation conditions were found to encompass (NH₄)₂SO₄ as nitrogen source (14 mmol/L), inoculum concentration of 15%, pH 7 and a temperature of 35 °C. Four different materials were used as carriers for the preparation of the microbial inoculum and the effect of storage temperatures on inoculum viability was investigated. With the prepared bioaugmentation inoculum addition to activated sludge, it was found to markedly increase the original system's treatment efficiency of phenol-containing wastewater. A high-throughput sequencing-based analyze approach revealed that the phenol-degrading inoculum addition can increase the abundance and diversity of fungi in the treatment system, which supports the development of a stable microbial ecosystem. The H₂ production of photosynthetic bacteria with the bioaugmented QWD1 inoculum was 32.4% higher than the control without inoculum addition when using the phenol-containing wastewater.     

Meeting energy requirement of wastewater treatment in rural sector

In this paper, wastewater treatment requirements for a typical village in the agricultural belt of India has been discussed. Investigations have been made on the available water resources and wastewater generation from the use of water in domestic applications and meeting the requirements for the household livestock. Innovative techniques are described to treat the wastewater generated in the village with the available discarded materials. The energy requirement of the wastewater treatment system could be met from a mix of conventional and the renewable energy resources. There is a gap in the traditional energy supply and demand of the village, which can be bridged with the use of renewable energy.     

高浓度乙二醇气田废水厌氧生化处理试验研究

天然气输送过程中,通常注入乙二醇,以抑制水合物产生。由于回收时分离不完全,部分乙二醇与产出水混合,形成高浓度乙二醇气田废水。对于这类废水的处理,现有方法实际应用效果均不理想,在文献调研和分析的基础上,提出采用厌氧生化法处理。试验采用自行设计的厌氧生化反应器,整个试验过程依次为厌氧微生物适应阶段、提高负荷阶段、稳定运行阶段。试验结果显示:厌氧活性污泥对乙二醇气田废水的适应期为3d,经过20d的连续提高负荷,使最终负荷达到约12kg COD/(m3·d),稳定运行阶段进水COD浓度为13000mg/L,HRT控制在24h,稳定运行后出水COD在1000mg/L以下;进水COD浓度高于10000mg/L时,提高其p H值到7.4~7.5,可以保证厌氧效果不受影响。这表明,厌氧生化法处理含高浓度乙二醇气田废水是可行的。     

Sequential modelling of thermal energy: New potential for energy optimisation in papermaking

Papermaking is known as an energy-intensive, but not always efficient industry. This is at least partly due to the fact that the majority of papermaking technologies and procedures were established at a time when energy was both cheap and plentiful. A considerable fraction of the energy required for papermaking is consumed in removing water by the use of steam in the paper machine’s drying section. It is also known that even a small reduction in steam use can result in a significant reduction in production costs and environmental effects. To date, a great deal of research has been undertaken, aimed at improving the performance of the drying section by making more efficient use of dryer steam. This paper investigates a new approach to reducing thermal energy use in paper making by seeking to enhance the amount of water removed in sections of the machine prior to the drying section. The proposed method is focused on sequential modelling of the effect of vacuums used in the forming section on the thermal energy consumption in the drying section. The primary models explain how different vacuum pressures can affect the flow of water from the sheet in the forming section whilst the secondary models describe the effect of increased drainage on the steam requirements in the dryer. Operational data from a UK paper mill are used to illustrate the proposed method. The models developed can have subsequent application to optimising the use of thermal energy in paper making.     

长治市城区餐饮业水污染状况与防治对策

叙述了长治市城区餐饮业水污染状况及危害,提出,餐饮业废水治理方法、技术及污染防治对策。     

Energy requirements for water production,treatment, end use,reclamation, and disposal

Energy is consumed at every stage of the cycle of water supply, treatment, use and disposal. The intensity of energy consumption (kW h/m³) depends upon the specific technologies applied at each stage of the water cycle. For some technologies, the intensity may be relatively low, whereas the intensity of other technologies is substantially greater. This report surveys the available literature on energy intensity for water use in the municipal and agricultural sectors and separates the process into several stages. Water supply, water treatment, residential end use, wastewater treatment, and agriculture end use are considered. Representative values of the energy consumed per unit water are given for a broad range of processes. Water extraction and pumping from ground and surface sources is considered. The energy intensity of treatment required for different types of water source is found to vary widely between the extremes of relatively fresh surface waters, which use energy mainly in pumping, and seawater, which requires desalination. Energy usage for different methods of irrigation including pressurized as well as surface irrigation is studied. The energy intensity of residential end use is very high relative to other parts of the water supply cycle. Processes such as heating water, washing clothes and dishes, and cooking are briefly studied within the water end-use stage. Hot water usage is responsible for making end use the most energy intensive stage of the water cycle. Hot water use in different buildings is briefly reviewed. Wastewater treated with various processes is considered, and the energy intensity is found to be highest when advanced wastewater treatment methods are applied. Energy consumption in the agricultural sector, which is principally related to irrigation pumping, is generally of lower energy intensity than for the municipal treatment or end use.     

A review of the properties of biosludge and its relevance to enhanced dewatering processes

Difficulties in dewatering of biosludge result in economical and environmental issues for wastewater treatment plants. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem by achieving some pretreatment on biosludge. The main purpose of all pretreatment methods is to modify the biosludge characteristics in such a way to boost settling of cells and solid particles of sludge, and to ease the release of water molecules from extracellular polymeric substances and cells and to facilitate flow of water through forming filter cake. The present work presents an overview of different properties of sludge and their measurement, the main reasons of sludge dewatering difficulty, the fundamentals of sludge dewatering and various proposed methods for sludge pretreatment. The advantages and drawbacks of different methods are described and the dominance of one over the others is discussed mostly with respect to energy requirement and environmental impacts. Some recommendations have been made for optimal application of each method.     

造纸废水用于燃煤锅炉烟气的脱硫除尘技术

介绍了当前国内利用大量排放的造纸废水进行燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘的技术,论述了废水pH值,进气SO2浓度,气水比对燃煤烟气脱硫的影响,并对其进行了技术经济分析。     

特大地下洞室群施工废水处理技术及绿色环保设施应用实践

特大地下洞室群施工废水处理是水利水电工程项目环境影响评价的重要环节,也是水环境保护的重要措施。结合当前水电工程施工废水处理方法,深入研究了特大地下洞室群开挖施工废水、混凝土拌和及注浆施工废水、机械维修和车辆清洗废水、生活污水处理的工艺流程及其环保设施,以某电站水道系统和厂房系统施工为例,优化了各独立的废水处理设施和方法,提出了一套生产废水统一集中处理的工程技术手段和处理工艺,以满足绿色环保施工基本要求。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。