共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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无机材料显微结构化学 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文综述了为说明无机材料显微结构形成有关的最重要的物理化学因素。根据显微结构图象判读的进一步要求,可首先在样品中对晶相和它们的形态外貌作鉴定,然后对特征区分别用一系列相变方程式来描述。结果,这些论述即构成了显微结构化学的基本内容,从而使显微结构分析的科学意义取得了大的进展。可以予期,显微结构化学将成为材料科学的重要分支。 相似文献
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日本产业技术综合研究所(产综研)电力能源研究部门开发成功晶状金属氧化物纳米多孔材料。这是在使用模板的传统合成方法中加入微量的玻璃相前驱体,通过高温烧结,控制金属氧化物的晶化而制成的。该材料有望用于触媒支撑、吸附剂、光触媒、色素增感型太阳电池、传感器、能量存储器件等广泛领域。 相似文献
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多孔陶瓷的显微结构与性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了多孔陶瓷的显微结构及其性能.多孔陶瓷的力学性能、热性能和电性能等均依赖于固体在孔壁和孔棱的分布方式,其微观组织结构直接影响着多孔陶瓷的物理及化学性能,进而影响到它的应用场合.通过研究多孔陶瓷的显微结构,可以改善其制造工艺、优化结构参数,使其更好地在化工、能源、环保等多个领域得到广泛应用. 相似文献
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疏水型多孔PVA/SiO2有机无机杂化材料的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,基于溶胶凝胶工艺制备出疏水型多孔PVA/SiO2有机无机杂化材料。杂化材料内部的硅氧链与PVA链相互交织,形成杂化网络结构,具有增强增韧的效果。杂化材料在热处理过程中,小分子逸出产生的微孔和材料表面面外的甲基,赋予了材料的透气疏水性能,可用于制备性能优良的环保型包装薄膜、农用地膜等功能复合材料。 相似文献
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纳米材料在涂料中的应用 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
纳米材料是近年发展起来的一种新型高性能材料,认识这种材料的性能和拓展其应用领域,是许多材料工作者非常感兴趣的课题,着重介绍了年年来国内外有关钠米材料在涂料中的应用和研究开发情况,并对其方向提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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多孔型阳极氧化铝膜在纳米结构制备方面的研究和进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
铝的阳极氧化技术是一种被广泛应用的表面处理方法。近年来,人们发现用这种方法得到的多孔型阳极氧化铝膜(PAA)对于纳米材料的制备有着重要意义。成为国际研究的热点,本文回顾和介绍了铝的阳极氧化技术的机理,工艺和生长规律,介绍了多孔型阳极氧化铝膜在纳米结构制备方面的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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Baocai Zhao Jianye Fu Chuanli Zhou Liangmin Yu Meng Qiu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(39):2301917
Two-Dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense attention in recent years. These materials have found their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and sensing, as they exhibit excellent physical, chemical, electronic, photonic, and biological properties. Recently, researchers have focused on constructing porous structures on 2D materials. Various strategies, such as chemical etching and template-based methods, for the development of surface pores are reported, and the porous 2D materials fabricated over the years are used to develop supercapacitors and energy storage devices. Moreover, the lattice structure of the 2D materials can be modulated during the construction of porous structures to develop 2D materials that can be used in various fields such as lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances. This review focuses on the recently developed chemical etching, solvent thermal synthesis, microwave combustion, and template methods that are used to fabricate porous 2D materials. The application prospects of the porous 2D materials are summarized. Finally, the key scientific challenges associated with developing porous 2D materials are presented to provide a platform for developing porous 2D materials. 相似文献
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The formation of nanostructured materials by using colloidal crystals as templates is a relatively new but rapidly growing area of materials science. Colloid crystalline templates are three‐dimensional close‐packed crystals of submicrometer spheres, whose long‐ranged ordered structure is replicated in a solid matrix, to yield materials with ordered pores. These materials hold promise for use as photonic crystals, advanced catalysts, and in a variety of other applications. Here we review the wide range of materials that have been made following the original synthesis of structured porous silica. This method has been recently modified to produce porous metals. 相似文献
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多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2~50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Based on a pre-existing yield function, an extended version of the well-known Gurson-Tvergaad-Needleman (GTN)isotropic hardening model is presented in this investigation. The yield function of the proposed constitutive model possesses the distinctiveness to be more accurate for arbitrary void volume fraction and especially to explicitly depend upon the third stress invariant. As a numerical example, the presented constitutive model and, for the purpose of comparison, the GTN model, are used to analyse the necking of a round tensile bar and the two-dimensional simple dynamic sheafing problem. The numerical results highlight similarities, good agreement as long as softening initiation of specimen is not reached, and discrepancy as soon as failure of specimen starts, between the proposed model and the GTN model. 相似文献