湖北省2009年国家监测点血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的分析湖北省2009年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点疫情变化,了解湖北省血吸虫病流行现状,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,16个监测点开展人群及家畜病情、螺情和相关因素调查,采用SPSS12.0软件统计分析监测结果。结果湖北省16个监测点居民感染率为1.03%,耕牛感染率为1.98%,活螺平均密度为0.2934只/0.11m2,感染螺平均密度为0.00041只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.139%。各项疫情指标较前4年有所下降。结论监测点人畜感染率呈现持续下降,但部分监测村钉螺感染率仍较高,因此,应加强钉螺控制措施,提高药物灭螺质量,防止疫情反弹。     

2010年四川省血吸虫病监测结果分析

目的分析2010年四川省国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点的疫情数据，了解监测点血吸虫病现状及疫情变化趋势，为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》在四川9个国家级监测点开展2010年钉螺和血吸虫病监测工作。结果9个监测点居民血检阳性率在2．73％～17．02％之间，平均血检阳性率和感染率（Kato—Kmz法）分别为7．62％和0．10％，人群感染度（EPG）几何均数为0．003，耕牛感染率为1．02％。共查出钉螺面积128285m。，活螺密度在0．02～1．29只／0．1m2之间，平均活螺密度为0．21只／0．1m2，未发现感染性钉螺。结论四川省血吸虫病已控制在较低水平，但仍需进一步加强健康教育、家畜管理以及钉螺控制，防止疫情回升。     

湖北省2008年国家监测点血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的分析湖北省2008年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点监测结果,了解湖北省血吸虫病流行现状,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,开展16个监测点的监测工作,并统计分析各项指标。结果湖北省16个监测点居民感染率为1.10％,耕牛感染率为2.42％,活螺平均密度为0.2757只／0.11m^2,感染螺平均密度为0.00062只／0.11m^2,钉螺感染率为0.226％。结论虽然16个监测点人畜感染率降低到5％以下,但部分监测村钉螺感染率仍较高,以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施要进一步认真落实。     

2003年湖南省血吸虫病疫情纵向观察点监测报告

目的掌握“十五”期间湖南省血吸虫病疫情流行现状及变化趋势,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法监测20个疫情纵向观察点的螺情、居民和耕牛病情。结果20个观察点粪检6 287人,感染率为6.92%;粪检877头家畜,感染率为9.01%。各试点垸内活螺密度为0.0004~2.0284只/0.11 m2,未查到感染性钉螺。垸外活螺平均密度为1.3366只/0.11 m2,感染螺平均密度为0.0034只/0.11 m2。结论湖南省血吸虫病流行区居民和耕牛感染率仍较高,特别是高度和中度流行区更为明显。提示全省今后防治策略的重点应针对中、高度流行区的居民和耕牛。     

2008年西昌市新农村血吸虫病疫情监测报告

目的为掌握西昌市新农村2008年血吸虫病流行趋势和疫情变化规律,评价防治效果,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供依据。方法按《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求,对西昌市川兴镇新农村开展2008年监测工作。结果钉螺平均密度0.11只/框(每框=0.11m2),未查见阳性钉螺。钉螺主要分布在沟渠(46.42%)和旱地(48.06%),钉螺分布与建点时基本一致。血检阳性61人,阳性率8.45%,男性阳性率7.61%,女性阳性率9.26%;血清阳性61人全部进行(Kato—Katz)检查,查出血吸虫病患者1例;人群血吸虫校正感染率为0.14%。监测点内无急血和晚血病患者。家畜血吸虫病检查均无阳性。结论西昌市新农村血吸虫病疫情逐步下降到很低水平,应加强监测和巩固,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

武汉市2008年血吸虫病监测结果分析

目的开展血吸虫病监测,以掌握该年度武汉市血吸虫病流行状况及影响因素,为制定进一步的防治对策提供依据。方法以行政村为单位,采用分层整群随机抽样方法确定监测点。对远城区监测点进行人群病情监测、耕牛病情监测及螺情监测;对中心城区监测点进行沿江居民（或沿江中小学校学生）以及流动人口病情监测。结果全市30个监测点,共调查居民19012人,耕牛1622头,调查有螺及可疑环境34处1330.73万m2。居民粪检阳性率为0.32%,较2007年0.76%下降了57.89%。耕牛粪阳率为0.86%,较2007年1.33%下降了35.34%。垸内有螺面积4.20万m2,活螺平均密度0.0310～0.3529只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0;垸外有螺面积742.13万m2,活螺平均密度0.0065～1.1400只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.59%。结论采取的综合防治措施取得了较明显的防治成效。     

2006-2011年南京市江宁区血吸虫病疫情分析

目的掌握江宁区血吸虫病国家监测点疫情变化。方法按《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,在检测区内开展螺情、病情等监测工作。结果 2006-2011年共血检4 629人,阳性341人,阳性率为7.37%,所有血检阳性人员均进行粪检以确诊病人,连续6年未发现粪检阳性,无急性血吸虫病感染病人。2006-2011年累计查螺面积为2 958.774hm2,调查框数38 962框,捕获活螺375只,解剖钉螺375只,未发现感染性钉螺。结论 2006-2011年南京市江宁区国家级血吸虫病监测点血吸虫病疫情逐年下降。     

湖北省2010年血吸虫病疫情国家监测点监测结果分析

目的 分析湖北省2010年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点疫情变化,了解湖北省血吸虫病流行现状,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,对16个监测点开展监测工作,并统计分析各项指标.结果 湖北省16个监测点居民感染率为0.89％,耕牛感染率为1.41％,活螺平均密度为0.324.0只/0...     

湖北省2012年血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

目的掌握湖北省2012年血吸虫病监测点疫情。方法按照《湖北省血吸虫病监测方案》要求,在全省血吸虫病流行区选择具有代表性的207个流行村作为监测点,开展人畜查病和钉螺调查。结果207个监测点人群血吸虫感染率为0．55％,50-岁和60-岁年龄组人群感染率分别为0．92％和0．90％,高于其他年龄组;牧民、渔民、农民和船民感染率分别为1．37％、0．72％、0．67％,0．67％,高于其他职业人群感染率。耕牛血吸虫感染率为0．38％。活螺平均密度为0．36749只／0．11m2,感染螺平均密度为0．000016只／0．11m2,钉螺感染率为0．0042％。结论与2011年相比,2012年湖北省血吸虫病疫情明显下降,但是仍需加大家畜传染源控制措施的实施力度,同时加强重点人群健康教育。     

2005-2009年湖南省汉寿县丁家拐村血吸虫病疫情监测报告

目的了解目平湖湖沼型疫区血吸虫病流行动态,为制定防治对策和考核防治效果提供科学依据。方法进行病情与螺情监测。结果居民感染率逐年下降,由2005年6.61%降至2009年1.25%,男性高于女性,职业人群以渔民最高。耕牛粪阳率维持在10%左右,垸外钉螺密度大幅度下降,由2005年秋季的4.24只/0.11m2降至2009年的0.03只/0.11m2,2005年秋季垸外阳性螺密度0.004只/0.11m2,2006年以后未查到感染性钉螺。结论今后耕牛与渔民是防治工作重点。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.